Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-five evaluable patients with advanced or recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma that was no longer controllable with surgery, radiation therapy, and/or chemotherapy were treated with leuprolide acetate, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist, 1 mg subcutaneously daily. One partial response (4%) was observed among the 25 patients. The upper 95% confidence bound of the response rate is 17.6%. Fifteen patients (60%) exhibited stable disease for at least 8 weeks, and 9 patients (36%) developed progressive cancer while receiving treatment. The regimen was well tolerated with no patient experiencing life-threatening toxicity. Mild toxicities included leukopenia in 2 patients (8%), thrombocytopenia in 2 patients (8%), gastrointestinal toxicity in 5 patients (20%), anemia in 4 patients (16%), hot flashes in 1 patient (4%), and facial swelling in 1 patient (4%). Thus, leuprolide acetate was well tolerated but has insignificant activity in treating patients with chemotherapy-refractory ovarian adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:A phase II trial of leuprolide acetate in patients with advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma. A Gynecologic Oncology Group study. 155 99

Six patients with symptomatic leiomyomata uteri and in whom surgical treatment was indicated received, during 3 months, intramuscular leuprolide acetate, 3,75 mg monthly, in order to 1) achieve a reduction of myomata size and 2) recover an anemic patient before surgery. In every patient, amenorrhea was induced since the second month of treatment. A significant decrease of myomas sizes was achieved. The reduction of the volume of the largest myoma in each case, varied between 51% and 77% (x = 60% +/- ES 4,3) LH and estradiol plasma levels diminished significantly and FSH did not changed in response to treatment. Side effects were well tolerated. Hot flashes were present in all patients, headaches in 2 and loss of strength in 2. Surgery was accomplished after 3 months of treatment. Myomectomy was performed in 5 cases and total hysterectomy in 1. Uterine shrinkage and the period of amenorrhea induced by Lupron-depot facilitated hysterectomy and myomectomy techniques and the recovery of one patient with a severe anemia.
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PMID:[Size reduction of uterine myomas with monthly administered leuprolide acetate]. 756 60

Endocrine treatment of prostate cancer has been established for more than 5 decades. Focusing on immediate or short-term side effects, bilateral orchidectomy may cause psychological trauma, treatment with oral estrogens is combined with a high risk of severe cardiovascular complications, and the use of LH-RH agonists and antiandrogens as monotherapies or in combination may result in tumor flare, hot flashes, and gynecomastia. In recent years an increasing number of reports on anemia and/or osteoporosis related to endocrine treatment have been published. These side effects are regular and persistent after orchidectomy, or during treatment with LH-RH agonists, and are most often expressed with maximum androgen blockade. In contrast, anemia and/or osteoporosis are not reported with estrogen treatment or the use of nonsteroidal antiandrogens as a monotherapy regimen. Since many prostate cancer patients are treated hormonally for many years, control of Hb levels and bone mineral density before and after initiation of treatment at regular intervals is highly recommended as a standard of care.
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PMID:Potential side-effects of endocrine treatment of long duration in prostate cancer. 1105 92

The current trends in favor of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) for nonmetastatic prostate cancer at the stage of biochemical recurrence or increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) raises the issue of exposing otherwise asymptomatic patients to potential side effects over the longer term. Some of these side effects can have deleterious effects on quality of life, and others may contribute to increased risks for serious health concerns associated with aging. Sexual side effects are the most well-recognized adverse effects from ADT and include loss of libido, erectile dysfunction (ED), and hot flashes. Loss of libido is distressing to many men, and they may not pursue treatments for ED. However, for those who do maintain sexual interest, various remedies are available. The incidence of hot flashes, which may not abate over the course of ADT, is close to 80%. Estrogens, progestin megestrol acetate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, venlafaxine, and cyproterone acetate have been shown to alleviate hot flashes and associated symptoms. Physiologic effects, including gynecomastia, changes in body composition (weight gain, reduced muscle mass, increase in body fat), and changes in lipids, are less commonly recognized as side effects of ADT. These may lead to an exacerbation of potentially more serious conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes, and coronary artery disease. Loss of bone mineral density, anemia, and hair changes also may occur. Additionally, both the diagnosis of prostate cancer and the hormonal therapy can cause psychological distress. These side effects need more systematic study in clinical trials. Physicians should be aware of far-reaching consequences of ADT and should incorporate strategies for preventing and managing toxicities into routine practice.
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PMID:Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity. 1266 85

Andropause, or the age-related decline in serum testosterone, has become a popular topic in the medical literature over the past several years. Andropause includes a constellation of symptoms related to lack of androgens, including diminished libido, decreased generalized feeling of well-being, osteoporosis, and a host of other symptoms. The andropause syndrome is very prominent in men undergoing hormonal ablation therapy for prostate cancer. Most significant in this population are the side effects of hot flashes, anemia, gynecomastia, depression, cognitive decline, sarcopenia, a decreased overall quality of life, sexual dysfunction, and osteoporosis with subsequent bone fractures. The concept of andropause in prostate cancer patients is poorly represented in the literature. In this article, we review the current literature on the symptoms, signs, and possible therapies available to men who cannot take replacement testosterone.
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PMID:Andropause: symptom management for prostate cancer patients treated with hormonal ablation. 1453 May 1

Androgen deprivation, as a form of treatment for prostate cancer, has been used for decades. Within the last decade, however, its use has increased significantly. Therefore, it is incumbent upon the physician to be familiar with the side effects associated with this treatment. Some of these side effects (eg, osteoporosis, changes in lipid profiles, and anemia) may be associated with significant morbidity, whereas others (eg, impotence, decreased libido, fatigue, and hot flashes) primarily affect the patient's quality of life. Prevention strategies and treatments exist for many of these side effects. In addition, alternative forms of antiandrogen therapy such as intermittent hormone ablation and antiandrogen monotherapy may be effective, with the added benefit of minimizing side effects. This review focuses on the wide range of side effects associated with androgen ablation as well as preventive and treatment strategies.
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PMID:Complications of androgen deprivation therapy: prevention and treatment. 1506 1

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is indicated for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and locally advanced disease. In addition to sexual side effects, long-term ADT results in several other changes, including hot flashes; gynecomastia; changes in body composition, metabolism, and the cardiovascular system; osteoporosis; anemia; psychiatric and cognitive problems; and fatigue and diminished quality of life. This review discusses these complications of ADT and treatments aimed at reducing them. It is important for clinicians to anticipate these effects and to initiate measures to prevent or minimize them in order to maintain quality of life in prostate cancer survivors.
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PMID:Complications of androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. 1506 32

Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer is associated with several complications, including loss of libido, hot flashes, night sweats, psychological stress, osteoporosis, anemia, fatigue, loss of muscle mass, glucose intolerance, and changes in lipid profile. The natural history of prostate cancer while on such therapy is the attainment of an incurable androgen-independent state. Early diagnosis by prostate-specific antigen screening, longer life expectancies, and a penchant for immediate therapy pose a problem where clinicians have to balance the potential benefits of early hormonal therapy with the risks of development of these metabolic and psychological complications. Intermittent androgen deprivation offers clinicians a prospect to improve quality of life in patients with prostate cancer by harmonizing the benefits of androgen ablation with a reduction in treatment-related side effects and expenditure. In this review we discuss the challenges and opportunities of this mode of therapy and shed light on some of the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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PMID:Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. 1516 84

Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is indicated for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer and locally advanced disease. In addition to sexual side effects, long-term ADT results in several other changes, including hot flashes; gynecomastia; changes in body composition, metabolism, and the cardiovascular system; osteoporosis; anemia; psychiatric and cognitive problems; and fatigue and diminished quality of life. This review discusses these complications of ADT and treatments aimed at reducing them. It is important for clinicians to anticipate these effects and to initiate measures to prevent or minimize them in order to maintain quality of life in prostate cancer survivors.
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PMID:Complications of androgen-deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. 1586 25

Hormonal manipulation in the form of androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer was introduced by Huggins and Hodges in 1941 and resulted in a Nobel Prize in 1966. Hormonal therapy initially had been used in metastatic prostate cancer, but the indications have been expanded including failed local therapy, locally advanced prostate cancer, and neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapy in high-risk localized prostate cancer. In view of the magnitude of the problem of prostate cancer and relatively frequent use of hormonal manipulation, it is important for clinicians to be aware of common side effects, prevention, and treatment to improve quality of life and reduce morbidity and mortality in patients with prostate cancer. This review focuses on the common side effects of hormonal treatment such as osteoporosis, anemia, hot flashes, erectile dysfunction, muscle wasting, gynecomastia, decline in cognitive function, depression, increase in body fat and metabolic changes, and their prevention and treatment.
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PMID:Preventing and treating the complications of hormone therapy. 1586 26


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