Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Major causes of anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa are malaria, iron deficiency, folate deficiency and haemoglobinopathies: now there is added also the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Anaemia is often multifactorial, with the different causes interacting in a vicious cycle of depressed immunity, infection and malnutrition. Anaemia progresses through 3 stages: compensation, with breathlessness on exertion only; decompensation, with breathlessness at rest and haemoglobin (Hb) below about 70 g/litre; cardiac failure, with Hb below about 40 g/litre. Without treatment, over half of the women with haematocrit less than 0.13 and heart failure die. Maternal anaemia, malaria and deficiencies of iron and folate cause intrauterine growth retardation, premature delivery and, when severe, perinatal mortality. Surviving infants have low birthweights, immune deficiency and poor reserves of iron and folate. They have entered already the vicious cycle of infection, malnutrition and impaired immunity. Treatment with blood transfusions is even more hazardous since the advent of AIDS, and should be limited to saving the life of the mother. Treatment of malaria is complex as chloroquine-resistant strains are now common. Prevention remains relatively easy with proguanil and supplements of iron and folic acid and is highly cost-effective in the improvement of maternal and infant health; it is more important than ever as it avoids the unnecessary exposure of women and infants to HIV transmitted through blood transfusion.
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PMID:Tropical obstetrics and gynaecology. 1. Anaemia in pregnancy in tropical Africa. 269 76

The American Thoracic Society respiratory symptom questionnaire (ATS-Q) is widely used and has provided valuable information in epidemiologic studies. To determine the influence of psychological status on respiratory symptoms, we compared subjects' ATS-Q responses to their Ilfeld Psychiatric Symptom Index (PSI) scores. To minimize the potential confounding effect of respiratory disease on the association between respiratory and psychological status, from a population-based survey of 3,628 subjects, we studied only the 600 "healthy" subjects, defined by the following characteristics: between 14 and 55 yr of age; never-smokers; no diagnoses of respiratory, heart, kidney, thyroid disease, or anemia; and normal spirometry (defined as an FEV1 and FVC greater than 80% of predicted). Associations were found between respiratory symptoms (cough, phlegm, wheeze, dyspnea) and PSI subscales (anxiety, anger, depression, and cognitive disturbance). Adjusted odds ratios for respiratory symptoms ranged from 1.13 to 2.15 for every 10% increase in PSI score. Psychological status is an important determinant of respiratory symptoms and therefore must be taken into consideration when interpreting results of epidemiologic studies using questionnaire information.
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PMID:The influence of psychological status on respiratory symptom reporting. 272 53

During a 25-year period, 40 patients with paraoesophageal hiatus hernia were operated on by narrowing of the hiatus and gastropexy. The main symptoms were: epigastric pain (40%), reflux symptoms (25%), cardiac symptoms (20%), dysphagia (20%) and dyspnea (8%). Six patients were free of symptoms. Anaemia was present in 33%, gastric ulcer in 15%. Six patients (18%) had to be operated on as emergencies because of gastric ulcer complications in 4 (3 perforations, 1 severe bleeding) and incarceration in 2 patients. Considering the important risk of acute complications in paraoesophageal hernia an elective gastropexy seems generally advisible--also in patients with few or no symptoms, provided there are no contraindications.
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PMID:[Paraesophageal hiatal hernia--risks and surgical indications]. 277 98

An international multicentre study of adverse reactions to D-penicillamine was undertaken on 2879 patients exposed to the drug--1491 of them a prospective sample. The majority of patients were being treated for rheumatoid arthritis. Over a period of 18 months, 319 (21%) of patients in the prospective sample developed adverse reactions necessitating drug withdrawal; two thirds of these occurred during the first 3 months of treatment. The most frequently-occurring adverse reactions involved skin (6%), kidneys (4%), gastro-intestinal tract (4%) and haemopoiesis (3%). Adverse effects, considered to be serious by the reporting physician, included fever and leucopenia during the early weeks of treatment and, after some months of drug exposure, proteinuria, myasthenia gravis, dyspnoea and pemphigus. Two patients died, one of fulminating septicaemia and the other was found at autopsy to have had multiple lung abscesses following unexplained anaemia and hemiparesis.
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PMID:European League against Rheumatism study of adverse reactions to D-penicillamine. 293 13

A 65-year-old man underwent left-upper lobectomy for large cell carcinoma of the lung on November 8, 1984 (pT1N0M0: Stage I a). He was treated with MMC, Futraful, CDDP and CPM as adjuvant chemotherapy. In April 1985, he was re-admitted to our hospital because of progressive dyspnea. He was diagnosed as having drug-induced interstitial pneumonia, and so steroid therapy was started. In July 1985, he suffered from anemia, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria and azotemia progressively, and died due to pulmonary hemorrhage and edema. At necropsy, no cancer recurrence was found. It thus seemed that the cause of death was microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and renal failure induced by anti-neoplastic agents.
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PMID:[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and renal failure induced by anti-neoplastic agents--a case report]. 303 22

Neoplasms are rare cardiac findings of which myxomas comprise about 75%. We report of 15 patients, predominantly female (60%) with a mean age of 58.8 years. Male patients (40%) were 20 years younger on average. 80% of these tumors developed in the left atrium fixed to the atrial septum. In 2 patients the right ventricle and in 1 patient the right atrium was involved. No left ventricular or bilateral tumors were found. Clinical findings showed a great variety of symptoms. Often misdiagnosis was established until echocardiography was performed. Major symptoms were dyspnea (80%), elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (73%), arrhythmias (53%), lung edema (47%), embolization (40%) and anemia (40%). Pathological examination and tumor genesis are still in discussion. Several theories are reported in literature: a true thrombus, thrombus organization with malignant potential, true neoplasms as well as a familiar myxoma complex may explain clinical and histological features. Our findings did not confirm only one theory but emphasize different possibilities.
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PMID:Cardiac myxoma. Clinical and pathologic features in 15 cases. 317 79

The clinical, biochemical and pathological effects of the fresh shoots of Chrozophora plicata on Nubian goats and Desert sheep were investigated. The animals were given single or repeated daily doses of 10, 5, 1 and 0.5 g/kg of chrozophora shoots by stomach tube and died at various times post dosing. The main signs of Chrozophora poisoning in both species of ruminants were salivation, dyspnea, bloat, inappetence, dullness, diarrhea, paresis of the hind limbs, recumbency and lateral deviation of the head and neck. The main lesions were hemorrhage in the lungs, heart and kidneys, pulmonary cyanosis and edema, hepatic fatty change and depletion of glycogen, catarrhal enteritis, ascites, hydropericardium and serous atrophy of the cardiac fat and renal pelvis. An increase in the concentration of urea, ammonia and bilirubin and in the activity of GOT and a decrease in total protein were detected in the serum. Hematological changes indicated the development of anemia.
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PMID:Experimental Chrozophora plicata poisoning in goats and sheep. 318 65

A 6.5-year-old horse with a history of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage was admitted because of acute onset of epistaxis, dyspnea, high respiratory rate, pale mucous membranes, and dark feces. There was no clinical or laboratory evidence of a bleeding disorder, and the horse's anemia was considered to be secondary to pulmonary hemorrhage. The cause of the hemorrhage was not found on thoracic sonograms or from cytologic examination of transtracheal aspirates. Despite supportive care, the horse's health deteriorated, and it was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed blood in the thoracic and peritoneal cavities and reddish black masses in many tissues. Histologic examination confirmed a diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. Hemangiosarcoma is a rare tumor in horses; however, as this case demonstrates, it can cause pulmonary hemorrhage and respiratory distress and may be difficult to diagnose before death.
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PMID:Disseminated hemangiosarcoma in a horse. 263 56

Because of a hydrocephalic fetus, the 27 year old mother opted for abortion. This was done in the 21st week of pregnancy by ordinary intracervical application of 0.25 mg prostaglandin e2 gel. 30 minutes later the patient began to complain of nausea and dyspnea. Laboratory analysis revealed leukocytosis of 20800/ml and thrombocytopenia of 22000/ml, down from 150,000 ml before the procedure. There were no clinical indications of bleeding. The leukocytosis lasted 2 days and thrombocytopenia roughly 6 days. Treatment included administration of acetylsalicylic acid 3 x 0.5 g and dipyrimadol tablets 3 x 25 mg/day. After thrombocyte count was normalized, abortion was induced by means of spasmolysis and oxytocin i.v. In this case partial resorption of the prostaglandin indicates a systemic effect. Since the half life of E and F group prostaglandins is usually 1-3 minutes, and it is almost completely eliminated after passing through the liver and lungs, a direct prostaglandin effect leading to thrombocyte aggregation lasting several days is unlikely. Absence of thrombocyte antibodies point to a drug induced immune process in which the prostaglandin molecule could appear as a hapten. Ultimately the thrombocyte aggregation described here and normochromic anemia are of unclear origin. Changes in the patients' coagulation system are probably of no functional relevance. The initial leukocytosis must be considered a nonspecific immediate reaction.
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PMID:[Thrombocytopenia following intracervical prostaglandin priming]. 346 25

In order to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone (dex) in reducing the toxicity of therapy with lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells and interleukin-2 (IL-2), we treated six patients receiving this form of immunotherapy with intravenous (IV) dex, 4 mg every six hours. Compared with a control group of 27 patients not receiving dex with their immunotherapy, these corticosteroid-treated patients were able to tolerate the administration of more IL-2, yet experienced significantly less toxicity. Dyspnea, confusion, fever, mean peak serum creatinine, and bilirubin levels during treatment were significantly reduced in corticosteroid-treated patients, with a corresponding decrease in pruritus in this group as well. Overall weight gain was not different between groups, although a curtailment of weight gain temporally related to dex treatment was seen in some patients. Hematologic side effects, including anemia, eosinophilia, and thrombocytopenia, were not reduced by dex. These results suggest that dex can inhibit at least some of the toxic side effects of LAK cell and IL-2 therapy. Because of the concern that the therapeutic effect may also be abrogated, future studies combining corticosteroids with this form of immunotherapy should be undertaken with caution.
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PMID:Reduction of toxicity of interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells in humans by the administration of corticosteroids. 349 32


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