Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 1-year study of 529 Yemeni children under 5 years of age hospitalized for severe pneumonia was undertaken to define their clinical characteristics and to identify risk factors associated with death from pneumonia. There were 354 (66.9%) boys, 270 of the 529 (51%) were under 6 months of age and 457 (86.4%) were aged < or = 12 months. The clinical characteristics of the group were as follows. Boys constituted 70% of the group and under-1-year-olds 86%, weight-for-age was under 60% in 23%, clinical rickets was present in 50% and anaemia in 30% (30.1%). On admission, cyanosis was detected in 56%, heart failure in 21% and isolated hepatomegaly in 14%. Fifty-two children died (CFR 9.8%), of whom 25 (48%) were under 6 months of age and 20 (38.5%) were aged between 6 and 12 months. Only seven children aged over 1 year died from pneumonia. Weight-for-age less than 60%, rickets, haemoglobin < 10 g/dl, cyanosis and heart failure were associated with an increased risk of dying from severe pneumonia.
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PMID:Clinical characteristics and outcome of children aged under 5 years hospitalized with severe pneumonia in Yemen. 957 91

To investigate whether there are differences in the frequency of ADRs (adverse drug reactions) to parenteral iron preparations, we compared the results of 4 different data collections which contain observations in particular on i.m. or i.v. iron dextran and i.v. iron hydroxide sucrose complex, primarily in relation to anaphylactic/anaphylactoid reactions and common exanthemas. 1. In 206 patients of the department of general internal medicine in a city/teaching hospital (in association with the Swiss Foundation for Comprehensive Hospital Drug Monitoring--CHDM), 4 probably allergic reactions to i.m. iron dextran were found, one with acute severe dyspnea, cyanosis and flush, 3 with slight generalized, probably allergic reactions. Data from the USA on i.v. iron dextran do not show marked differences in the frequency of ADRs as compared with our data with i.m. administration. 2. A group of 400 otherwise healthy patients of the obstetric department of Zurich University Hospital were treated with i.v. iron sucrose for anemia due to iron loss during pregnancy or following childbirth. Seven generalized skin reactions, 4 in the form of flush and 3 of common exanthema, occurred. 3. In a retrospective study on patients on maintenance hemodialysis with chronic renal insufficiency and anemia, a questionnaire was answered by the medical heads of 17 selected hemodialysis units in Switzerland. Response was 100%. During around 8100 patient-years with approximately 160,000 ampoules of iron sucrose (with 100 mg elementary iron), not a single life threatening reaction was observed; only 5-7 situations of rapidly reversible blood pressure fall occurred, some 10 with flush, and one each with urticaria and vomiting/diarrhea. 4. The relatively good tolerance of i.v. iron sucrose in patients with chronic renal failure may be due either to reduced immune competence in patients with chronic renal insufficiency and/or to the use of the preparation itself, or probably both. 5. In ADRs of allergic appearance to iron sucrose, the 7 generalized skin reactions occurred on the first day of the injections, as did those under iron dextran. Preexisting hypersensitivity must be taken into consideration. 6. If our experience is confirmed, preventive measures with i.v. iron sucrose, mainly in patients with chronic renal insufficiency, could be reduced.
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PMID:[Parenteral iron therapy: problems and possible solutions]. 959 94

A rare hemoglobin variant, Hb JLome, was identified by chance in a male patient with diabetes mellitus (DM). The patient had no evidence of anemia or hemolysis. However, when his glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c) was examined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to assess the state of his DM, an abnormal Hb was unexpectedly detected on the chromatogram. The morphology of the red blood cells was normal. A fast-moving band as well as a normally moving Hb band, of roughly equal intensities, were observed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The oxygen equilibrium curve was essentially normal (P50 = 3.59 kPa). In other words, the ability of the patient's Hb to carry oxygen was nearly the same as that of typical Hb A. The stability of his Hb in isopropanol was normal, and all the functions of his Hb that were tested were essentially normal. The identity of the abnormal Hb was finally determined, by sequencing the globin gene, to be Hb JLome, which is produced by a point mutation changing AAG to AAC at the 59th codon in exon 2 of the Hb beta chain. As previously reported, replacing the beta 59 lysine with asparagine does not affect the function of Hb or the red blood cells. There have been only five documented cases of Hb JLome in Japan. Interestingly, all these cases are from Kyushu Island. When an abnormal chromatogram for Hb A1c is unexpectedly obtained, it is worthwhile searching for an abnormal Hb, even if there are no signs that suggest its existence, such as anemia, hemolysis, erythrocytosis, or cyanosis.
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PMID:A patient with a hemoglobin variant (Hb JLome) unexpectedly detected by HPLC for glycated hemoglobin (Hb A1c). 984 16

Between 1991 and 1995, 2554 children under 5 years old hospitalized with severe acute lower respiratory tract infection in Al-Sabe'en, Sana'a, Yemen were studied. 47.7 per cent (1218) were under 6 months of age and 74.1 per cent (1893) were in their first 12 months. Sixty-four per cent (1633) were males. Of the 2554 cases, 221 died (overall, a case fatality rate of 8.7 per cent). 118 of the deaths (53.4 per cent) were in the under 6 months age group and 188 (85 per cent) were in the first 12 months age group. During 1995 the hospital started adopting the WHO standard case-management guidelines for treating severe acute lower respiratory tract infections. There were no significant reductions in case fatality rates in 1995 (CFR 9.8 per cent) compared with those of 1991 (CFR 7.9 per cent), 1992 (CFR 9.4 per cent), 1993 (CFR 7 per cent), or 1994 (CFR 8.5 per cent). Factors such as late hospital admission with cyanosis, malnutrition, rickets as well as increased resistance of the common causative organisms (pneumococci and H. influenzae) to antibiotics recommended by the WHO may have contributed to such a high case fatality rate remaining unchanged. In addition to reducing the risk of developing pneumonia and dying from pneumonia by improving maternal nutrition, health education, promoting breastfeeding, and preventing rickets and nutritional anaemia among the vulnerable age groups, vaccination against pneumococci and H. influenzae type b should be seriously considered as one of the strategies to reduce lower respiratory tract infection-related mortality.
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PMID:Outcome for children under 5 years hospitalized with severe acute lower respiratory tract infections in Yemen: a 5 year experience. 997 77

Here we report two unusual patients with Gaucher disease type I. Both girls admitted with hepatosplenomegaly, growth retardation, and anemia at four and 2.5 years of age, and Gaucher cells were seen on bone marrow aspirates. Thalassemic face was first noted at 8 and 11 years of age, respectively, with frontal bossing and maxillary hypertrophia. Although they had unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, high reticulocytes, polychromasia, and normoblasts on peripheral smear, other laboratory tests for hemolytic disease were negative. Radiological examination revealed typical bone involvement of Gaucher disease, as well as costal enlargement and obliteration of paranasal sinuses, the latter two reported in hemolytic diseases. Cyanosis, digital clubbing and recurrent lung infections led to contrast echocardiography that revealed diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous shunting in both. Diagnosis was confirmed by low leukocyte beta glucosidase levels and mutations N370S7/L444P (Case 1) and N370S/? (Case 2). These features, all reported for the first time, may show a new clinical course in Gaucher disease.
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PMID:Gaucher disease type I: analysis of two cases with thalassemic facies and pulmonary arteriovenous fistulas. 1159 16

The acute toxicity of dried Nerium oleander leaves to Najdi sheep is described in 12 sheep assigned as untreated controls, N. oleander-treated once at 1 and 0.25 g/kg body weight and N. oleander-treated daily at 0.06 g/kg body weight by drench. Single oral doses of 1 or 0.25 g of dried N. oleander leaves/kg body weight caused restlessness, chewing movements of the jaws, dyspnea, ruminal bloat, incoordination of movements, limb paresis, recumbency and death 4-24 hr after dosing. Lesions were widespread congestion or hemorrhage, pulmonary cyanosis and emphysema, hepatorenal fatty change and catarrhal abomasitis and enteritis. The daily oral doses of 0.06 g dried N. oleander leaves/kg body weight caused less severe signs and death occurred between days 3 and 14. In these animals, the main lesions were hepatonephropathy and gelatinization of the renal pelvis and mesentry and were accompanied by significant increases in serum AST and LDH activities, in bilirubin, cholesterol and urea concentrations and significant decreases in total protein and albumin levels, anemia and leucopenia.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of various oral doses of dried Nerium oleander leaves in sheep. 1178 96

A 39 year old male comes to the emergency room because of rapidly increasing pain in his left leg one hour after the injection of Flunitrazepam into a groin vessel. There is a history of drug abuse for more than 15 years. The left leg is cool and shows intense patchy cyanosis. The same skin discoloration is seen at the left lower abdomen and parts of the thigh. The leg is paretic but foot-pulses are detectable. Color-coded duplex-sonography of the left leg shows normal shaped arteries with regular flow. Regarding the veins there are post-thrombotic changes but no signs of actual thrombosis. The ECG shows sinus rythme. No source of emboli can be found by echocardiography. The laboratory tests reveal normal results except of anemia (Hb 9.6 g/dl, normocytic, normochromic). As an accidental intraarterial injection with a toxic/allergic insult to the vessel-walls has to be supposed the patient is treated besides of analgesics with systemic anticoagulation, high doses of cortisone and calcium channel-blockers. With this therapeutic regimen the leg and the left lower abdomen improve gradually except for some toes which remain cyanotic. During the first days the patient develops signs of moderate rhabdomyolysis with swelling of the leg and an increase of creatininase concentration in blood. After 12 days the left leg has normalised but the toes show further demarcation. They have to be amputated six weeks later. The accidental injection of drugs into the femoral artery may result in the clinical picture of acute limb ischemia without occlusion of the big vessels of the leg. This obviously occurs most often with benzodiazepines, especially when crushed tablets soluted in water are injected. Color-coded duplex sonography is able to show open vessels within minutes and prevents ineffective surgical interventions.
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PMID:[Acute ischemia of the leg in a drug addict]. 1195

Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is defined as hyperglycemia occurring in the first few weeks of life. It can be either transient (TNDM) or permanent (PNDM). A 25 days old newborn was brought to the hospital with restlessness, respiratory depression and cyanosis. He was born at term with a birth weight of 2,000 g. There was no consanguinity between his parents. His physical examination findings were as follows: Weight and height were under 3th percentile, he was hypoactive and dehydrated. Serum glucose level was 800 mg/dl; C-peptide was 0.41 ng/ml. Upon investigation for dyslipidemia in association with his neonatal diabetes, hyperchylomicronemia was found both in the patient and his father. Pancreatitis, anemia and cholestasis were also observed. Insulin treatment was started for his diabetes together with a special diet for dyslipidemia. At the end of 28 months of follow-up, dyslipidemia has resolved but the need for insulin therapy was still existing. However, TNDM was considered in differential diagnosis because he was small for gestational age (SGA) at birth and his symptoms had started at the 25th day of the neonatal period. Delayed recovery from insulin dependency brought out the possibility of PNDM. Furthermore, neonatal diabetes combined with hypechylomicronemia is a rare clinical picture. Reported cases of NDM with different clinical evaluation will help to better understanding of this disorder.
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PMID:Neonatal diabetes with hyperchylomicronemia. 1255 65

A 76-year-old female presented with a large hiatus hernia with intrathoracic stomach manifesting as severe exertion dyspnea. She had no cardiac or pulmonary disease, and neither anemia nor cyanosis, but respiratory function was mildly impaired. Chest roentogenography showed a large abnormal shadow overlapping the lower half of the heart. Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrated a mass compressing the left atrium and extending to the posterior part of the left ventricle, but the actual cause of the mass was not clear. Cross-sectional spiral computed tomography(CT) revealed a large hiatus hernia with intrathoracic stomach located just behind the left atrium with resultant mild anterior shift of the whole heart. Moreover, three-dimensional curved reformation CT suggested that the intrathoracic stomach was located in the upside-down position, which was confirmed by subsequent gastroesophagography. She experienced gradual progression of exertion dyspnea during the following 3 months. Follow-up CT revealed no significant increase of left atrial compression, but subsequent spirometric study showed increased impairment of respiratory function. Surgical repair for the hiatus hernia was successfully performed, and eventually achieved resolution of the symptoms. The cause of exertion dyspnea was probably cardiac compression and impaired respiratory function. The therapeutic strategy of surgical repair is recommended in elderly patients with hiatus hernia complicated with cardiac compression and respiratory impairment.
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PMID:[Large hiatus hernia compressing the heart and impairing the respiratory function: a case report]. 1272 42

Three patients, all of whom were well-muscled young adult males who had suffered fractures of long bones, were studied by means of measurement of ventilatory function and arterial blood gases. They had degrees of mental change varying from mild confusion to stupor. Anemia, hypocalcemia, skin petechiae and radiologic pulmonary infiltrates were demonstrated in all three.In the absence of any clinical cyanosis, profound arterial O(2) desaturation was demonstrated in all. Physiologic studies indicated that the desaturation was the result of a diffusion defect early in the course of the syndrome and later from venous admixture. The lungs were stiff and the work of breathing was increased. The anemia appeared to be hemolytic in type.It is suggested that anemia, hypocalcemia and arterial O(2) desaturation may contribute significantly to the cerebral symptomatology associated with the syndrome of fat embolization.
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PMID:STUDIES ON THE SYNDROME OF FAT EMBOLIZATION. 1415 53


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