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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fetal growth retardation is a result of a complex pathology caused by multiple factors of fetal, placental, and maternal origin. Hormones and growth factors released as a result of maternal-fetal physiological interactions play an importance role in fetal well being and fetal outcome. Intrauterine Growth Retardation (IUGR) is associated with significant perinatal and childhood morbidity. It is estimated that 13.7 million infants are born annually with IUGR, comprising 11% of all births in developing countries. Both maternal malnutrition and anemia are associated with various degrees of fetal growth retardation. The relationship between decreasing birth weight percentiles and increasing fetal morbidity and mortality has been demonstrated by several investigators and epidemiological studies suggest that IUGR is a significant risk factor for the subsequent development of chronic hypertension, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, and obstructive lung disease in adult life (Barker's Hypothesis). Maternal anemia and/or malnutrition are recognized to be the most frequent cause of IUGR and SGA birth in developing countries like India. In order to investigate adaptive mechanisms by the fetus to overcome the growth disadvantage caused due to maternal nutritional limitations, we examined the quantitative variations in hormonal and growth factor profiles in paired cord blood and maternal samples obtained from neonates born to malnourished and/or anemic mothers. The results of our study show that: 1) The percentage of small for gestational age (SGA) neonates born to malnourished and anemic mothers was significantly higher than those born to mothers who were either malnourished or anemic; 2) Significantly higher levels of GH, PRL, HPL and IGF-1 were observed in the cord blood of neonates born to malnourished and anemic mothers indicative of an adaptive response on part of the fetus to over come an in-utero growth disadvantage; 3) The anoxemia-related fetal perturbations may have unique features that make them distinct from nutrient deficiency-related IUGR. Thus, these novel observations are relevant to the context of the ongoing scientific debate on Barker's hypothesis.
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PMID:Effect of maternal malnutrition and anemia on the endocrine regulation of fetal growth. 1547 29

The correlation of the lung lesions and anemia in dogs suffering from experimental pneumonia induced by various organisms, with changes in the respiratory activity and in the acid-base relationship in blood, indicates that the developing acidosis, most marked in the severe cases, is due chiefly to the effects of an anoxic anoxemia.
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PMID:OBSERVATIONS ON BLOOD REACTION IN EXPERIMENTAL PNEUMONIA. 1986 53

Iron absorption is a function of the gastro-intestinal mucosal epithelium. The normal non-anemic dog absorbs little iron but chronic anemia due to blood loss brings about considerable absorption-perhaps 5 to 15 times normal. In general the same differences are observed in man (1). Sudden change from normal to severe anemia within 24 hours does not significantly increase iron absorption. As the days pass new hemoglobin is formed. The body iron stores are depleted and within 7 days iron absorption is active, even when the red cell hematocrit is rising. Anoxemia of 50 per cent normal oxygen concentration for 48 hours does not significantly enhance iron absorption. In this respect it resembles acute anemia. Ordinary doses of iron given 1 to 6 hours before radio-iron will cause some "mucosa block"-that is an intake of radio-iron less than anticipated. Many variables which modify peristalsis come into this reaction. Iron given by vein some days before the dose of radio-iron does not appear to inhibit iron absorption. Plasma radio-iron absorption curves vary greatly. The curves may show sharp peaks in 1 to 2 hours when the iron is given in an empty stomach but after 6 hours when the radio-iron is given with food. Duration time of curves also varies widely, the plasma iron returning to normal in 6 to 12 hours. Gastric, duodenal, or jejunal pouches all show very active absorption of iron. The plasma concentration peak may reach a maximum before the solution of iron is removed from the gastric pouch-another example of "mucosa block." Absorption and distribution of radio-iron in the body of growing pups give very suggestive experimental data. The spleen, heart, upper gastro-intestinal tract, marrow, and pancreas show more radio-iron than was expected. The term "physiological saturation" with iron may be applied to the gastro-intestinal mucosal epithelium and explain one phase of acceptance or refusal of ingested iron. Desaturation is a matter of days not hours, whereas saturation may take place within 1 to 2 hours. We believe this change is a part of the complex protein metabolism of the cell.
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PMID:RADIOACTIVE IRON ABSORPTION BY GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT : INFLUENCE OF ANEMIA, ANOXIA, AND ANTECEDENT FEEDING DISTRIBUTION IN GROWING DOGS. 1987 20