Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A one year old female Foreign White cat is described with a history of six days of unthriftiness, anorexia, anaemia and depressed temperature. The necropsy revealed multiple sessile polyps in the jejunum. Histologically a hyperplasia of the crypt epithelium with an inflammation of the mucosa and submucosa was found. A comparison of polyposis in man, dogs and cats is made.
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PMID:Polyposis of the small intestine in a young cat. A comparison with polyposis in man and dogs. 249 94

We encountered two cases of legionella pneumonia which ran a dramatic course and isolated Legionella dumoffii from one patient and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 from the other patient. The patient from whom L. dumoffii was isolated was a 59-year-old male with no basic disease. He presented chill, fever, coughing and other symptoms, starting on July 3, 1986, his disease was diagnosed as pneumonia at the clinic of his company. The patient was then introduced and admitted to our hospital. On admission chest radiography disclosed zonal pneumonia with an unclear border in the right superior lobe of the lung; a beta-lactam preparation was administered, but no effect was obtained and the lung lesion showed a rapid advance. From this condition, we suspected legionella pneumonia and changed the therapy to treatment with erythromycin and rifampicillin. Despite this, no improvement occurred and the patient died on the 26th hospital day. Colonies like Legionella colonies were separated from a total of seven specimens of biopsy aspirated matter from the airway and autopsy collected lung abscess and tracheal secretions, and the bacterium was identified L. dumoffii based on the biochemical and serological properties. In addition, the patient's serum was found to have an increased antibody titer against L. dumoffii. Based on these findings, the patient's disease was diagnosed as pneumonia as caused by L. dumoffii, a relatively rare bacterium as a member of the genus Legionella. The patient from whom Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 was isolated was an 81-year-old man with basic diseases such as heart failure, anemia and hypothyroidism. He presented fever, general fatigue, anorexia and other symptoms, starting around June 2, 1987; pneumonia was suspected and the patient was urgently admitted to our hospital. The patient died of pneumonia of unknown cause on the second hospital day. To clarify the cause, autopsy was conducted; a large number of colonies like Legionella colonies were noted in the lung tissue. Identification test was then conducted and the bacterium was identified as L. pneumophila; we concluded that the patient's pneumonia had been caused by the identified bacterium L. pneumophila. The isolate was further subjected to slide agglutination test and identified as L. pneumophila serogroup 5.
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PMID:[Legionella dumoffii and Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 isolated from 2 cases of fulminant pneumonia]. 250 80

We have carried out a randomized phase III study in 105 patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer, comparing a four-drug cisplatin-mitomycin-based combination chemotherapy regimen to sequential single-agent therapy. The combination chemotherapy regimen consisted of mitomycin C (10 mg/m2), vinblastine (5 mg/m2), methotrexate (40 mg/m2), and cisplatin (40 mg/m2) given every 28 days. Sequential single-agent chemotherapy consisted of mitomycin C (10 mg/m2) monthly until progression followed by vinblastine (5 mg/m2) every 2 weeks until progression followed by methotrexate (40 mg/m2) weekly until relapse. Patients failing either regimen were followed with supportive care. The objective response rate for the sequential single-agent therapy was 19% versus 25% for the combination chemotherapy group (P greater than .5). The median survival for the single-agent group was 166 days and 191 days for the combination chemotherapy group. Overall survival was not statistically different between the two groups (P greater than .5). Leucopenia, anemia, and prolonged anorexia with nausea and vomiting were more common in the combination chemotherapy group compared to the single-agent group. This study failed to demonstrate a sufficient therapeutic benefit in the face of the added toxicity for the combination chemotherapy regimen compared to sequential single-agent therapy.
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PMID:Combination versus sequential single-agent chemotherapy in the treatment of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 253 62

Fifteen patients (six patients with adenocarcinoma, seven patients with squamous cell carcinoma, and two patients with large cell carcinoma) with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were evaluable for mitomycin C (MMC; 8 mg/m2 day 1, 8, every 3-4 weeks) plus cisplatin (CDDP; 80 mg/m2 day 1, every 3-4 weeks). Ten patients had had prior chemotherapy. Among 15 evaluable patients, no patient achieved complete response, and two patients showed partial response. The response rate of MMC plus CDDP against NSCLC was 13.3%. Toxic effects included anorexia (80%), nausea and vomiting (67%), leukopenia (53%), anemia (47%), nephrotoxicity (47%), thrombopenia (27%), liver injury (27%), and fever (7%). These toxic effects were reversible and manageable. The combination of MMC and CDDP appears to be valuable regimen against advanced NSCLC.
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PMID:[Pilot combination phase II study of mitomycin C plus cisplatin for non-small cell lung cancer]. 255 71

In this survey for the presence of the feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in the Singapore domestic cat population, the sera of two different groups of unvaccinated mainly short haired cats which were over 6 months old were sampled. The FeLV enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA) diagnostic test kit was used to detect the presence of the FeLV group specific (gs) antigens in the blood of cats. Of the 345 clinically healthy cats surveyed, 34 sera (9.9%) were found to be positive and of the group of 123 cats with clinical signs such as chronic wasting, marked by anaemia, anorexia and lethargy, 33 sera (26.8%) were found to be positive. From the time of diagnosis of a viraemia, 70% of cats will die within 20 months. The results are therefore indicative that annually a small proportion of cats in the local environment will die from a FeLV infection. This survey reflects the natural distribution of an infectious oncovirus in a susceptible host population which is unaffected by any control programme to interfere with the normal sequence of events of host virus interactions.
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PMID:A survey of the feline leukaemia virus in Singapore. 256 Mar 57

Three domestic short-haired cats with a history of anorexia and loss of body condition had high rectal temperatures, and a normocytic, normochromic anaemia. Two of them were also dyspnoeic, and thoracic radiographs revealed a diffuse, unstructured increase in radio-opacity involving all the lung lobes. Examination of Giemsa-stained blood smears and culture of blood monocytes revealed purplish-staining intracytoplasmic inclusions, in monocytes and lymphocytes, which occurred either singly or in aggregates. Electron micrographs of a buffy coat smear from one of the cats revealed round intracytoplasmic inclusions, with electron dense and lucid areas morphometrically similar to those found in other members of the genus Ehrlichia. An attempt to culture chlamydia from one of the cats was unsuccessful. The cats were treated successfully, one with tetracycline hydrochloride and the other two with imidocarb dipropionate.
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PMID:Feline anaemia associated with Ehrlichia-like bodies in three domestic short-haired cats. 258 53

An 8-year-old sexually intact male llama was euthanatized because of obstruction of the penile portion of the urethra and rupture of the urinary bladder. Clinical signs of obstruction included anorexia, lethargy, teeth grinding, straining to defecate, inability to urinate, and tense abdomen. Laboratory findings included anemia, leukocytosis with left shift, high serum urea nitrogen, creatinine, and phosphorus concentrations, and low serum chloride concentration. Necropsy revealed ruptured urinary bladder and acute fibrinous peritonitis. A firm, gray, nonmineralized urethral plug occluded the penile portion of the urethra for a distance of 14 cm in the midpenile region, distal to the sigmoid flexure of the penis. The urinary bladder mucosa and the urethra had microscopic evidence of chronic inflammation. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp, and alpha-streptococci were isolated from the urethral plug.
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PMID:Urethral obstruction in a male llama. 259 47

The records of 15 dogs diagnosed as having juvenile cellulitis (juvenile pyoderma, puppy strangles) were evaluated for clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic results. Mandibular lymphadenopathy was observed in 14 dogs, and was not associated with skin lesions in 5 dogs. Edema, pustules, papules, or crusts were noticed periorally, periocularly, on the chin or muzzle, or in the ears of those dogs with skin lesions. Eight dogs were lethargic; fever and anorexia were inconsistent findings. Four dogs had signs of pain on manipulation of their joints. Complete blood counts revealed leukocytosis with neutrophilia in 4 dogs, and normocytic, normochromic anemia in 6 dogs. Three dogs had suppurative lymphadenitis with many neutrophils. Cytology of the aspirate of pustules or abscesses in 6 dogs revealed many neutrophils without bacteria. Coagulase-positive Staphylococcus spp were isolated from draining lesions in 2 dogs. Intact abscesses and lymph nodes were negative for bacterial growth in 4 dogs. Three of these dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of bacterial culturing. Cytology of the aspirates of joints in 3 of the 4 dogs with joint pain revealed suppurative arthritis with no bacteria, and the aspirates were negative for bacterial growth on culturing, although all 3 dogs were being administered antibiotics at the time of culturing. Of 12 dogs initially treated with antibiotics, only 4 (33%) responded favorably; the other 8 dogs were then given antibiotics and corticosteroids. Three dogs were initially given antibiotics and corticosteroids. All dogs treated concurrently with antibiotics and corticosteroids responded favorably. One of these dogs had a relapse after treatment was discontinued. The concurrent arthritis in 4 of the dogs resolved with treatment of the juvenile cellulitis and did not redevelop once the medication was discontinued. Concurrent treatment with antibiotics (cephalosporins) and prednisone (2.2 mg/kg of body weight/day) was the most consistently effective treatment in the dogs in this study.
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PMID:Juvenile cellulitis in dogs: 15 cases (1979-1988). 259 49

The frequent appearance of patent infestations of Strongyloides papillosus in lambs under one week is observed, and it is suggested that either the short generation interval or pre-natal infection is the cause. Pathogenic effects associated with heavy infestations in young lambs consisted of anorexia, loss of weight, diarrhoea and a moderate anaemia. The lambs were usually very weak, unable to stand and laying prostrate. Death usually followed at this stage and three such lambs examined showed severe enteritis. There was also severe dermatitis noticed around the flanks and abdomen. The epidemiology studies which were based on worm egg counts taken at monthly intervals for a twelve-month period showed high counts in October and November, intermediate counts in May to August and low counts from February to April. The egg counts per g of faeces ranged from 100 to 18,000.
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PMID:Strongyloides papillosus infestations of lambs in Plateau State of Nigeria. 262 76

The epidemiology, histopathology, diagnosis and staging, and treatment of prostate cancer are reviewed. Prostate cancer, one of the most common malignancies occurring in men over age 50, will strike an estimated 103,000 men in the United States in 1989. More than 95% of prostatic tumors are adenocarcinomas. Tumors are graded on the basis of their degree of differentiation. Most afflicted men initially complain of difficulty in starting the urinary stream and of urinary bleeding, dribbling, and retention. Urinary obstruction may be present in advanced disease, and anemia, anorexia, and bone pain are common in metastatic disease. Prostatectomy and irradiation are used to treat disease localized to the prostate; the prognosis for such patients is good. Survival is diminished in cases of locally advanced and metastatic disease. Symptomatic metastatic disease is treated by hormonal manipulation through orchiectomy and administration of exogenous estrogens (diethylstilbestrol), luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs (leuprolide and goserelin), and antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, flutamide, and others). Some 70-80% of patients respond to hormonal therapy for periods of up to three years. After relapse occurs, salvage hormonal therapies (aminoglutethimide and ketoconazole) may be attempted to prolong survival. Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, mitomycin, cisplatin, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, and estramustine have also been administered, with mixed results. Once relapse occurs in prostate cancer patients after initial hormonal therapy, the response to salvage hormonal or cytotoxic therapy is minimal; in the future, total androgen blockade and methods of decreasing drug resistance may be used to prolong survival.
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PMID:Treatment of prostate cancer. 266 30


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