Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirty-two patients (26 female, 6 male) with angiographically diagnosed Takayasu arteritis were seen at the Mayo Clinic between 1971 and 1982. Racial composition of this group was 23 North American Caucasians, 4 Mexicans, 3 Orientals, 1 Native American, and 1 patient of Middle Eastern origin. Incidence of the disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota, was 2.6/million/year. Diagnosis was often delayed for long periods of time, with a median delay of 18 months. Patients had both non-vascular symptoms (arthralgias in 56%, fever in 44%, weight loss in 38%) and symptoms of vascular stenosis such as arm claudication (47%) and hypertension due to renal artery stenosis (41%). All patients had either multiple vascular bruits (94%) or absent pulses (50%). Laboratory findings included anemia (44%) and elevations of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (78%). Almost all patients had multiple sites of arterial involvement documented by angiogram with various combinations of stenosis, luminal irregularity and aneurysm formation. Response to corticosteroid treatment was usually very good, with dramatic improvement in non-vascular symptoms and return of pulses in 8 of the 16 patients with absent pulses prior to treatment. Five-year survival rate from time of diagnosis was 94%. Twelve patients underwent surgical procedures involving the carotid arteries (5 cases), subclavian artery (4 cases) and renal arteries (3 cases). Three aneurysms were resected, one had aortic valve replacement for severe aortic regurgitation, and two patients underwent transluminal angioplasty. Pathologic changes were restricted to the media and adventitial layers of the vessel wall and were indistinguishable from those of giant-cell or temporal arteritis. Takayasu arteritis is more common than previously suspected in North America, is not restricted to any one racial group, and is readily treatable with corticosteroids and surgical vascular reconstruction.
 ...
PMID:Takayasu arteritis. A study of 32 North American patients. 285 47

From 1982 through 1987, 107 patients underwent temporal artery biopsy at the Lahey Clinic. In 29 patients, biopsy revealed temporal arteritis (TA). These patients had appreciably more jaw claudication, anemia, anorexia and a higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) than patients whose temporal artery biopsy revealed negative findings. Certain clinical criteria and symptom clusters, which include jaw claudication, are highly specific for positive results on temporal artery biopsy. Length of arterial segment examined and previous corticosteroid therapy did not influence the results of temporal artery biopsy. TA should be confirmed histologically whenever possible. When results of biopsy are negative, patients fulfilling clinical criteria or having symptom clusters specific for TA should receive steroid treatment.
 ...
PMID:Temporal arteritis: clinical aids to diagnosis. 323 May 66

Traditionally, blood rheology tests have been used in diagnosis and monitoring of infection, rheumatic diseases and malignancy, and are still of clinical value in these conditions. In the last twenty years, clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that the haematological determinants of blood flow resistance (haematocrit, fibrinogen, white cell count and altered red and white cell rigidity) are also associated with nutritional, metabolic, endocrine and vascular disorders. Decreased red cell deformability may contribute to reduced red cell survival and anaemia in burns, malaria, liver disease and kidney failure. In trauma and inflammatory disease, overt hyperviscosity is usually prevented by vasodilatation and reduction in the haematocrit. However, low-flow states may arise systemically from haemoconcentration (contracted plasma volume, Chapter 3) in severe burns, inappropriate red cell transfusion, or dehydration due to illness; systemically in circulatory shock; and locally in venous thrombosis or arterial disease. In such circumstances, the intrinsic flow resistance of blood may perpetuate flow disturbance, ischaemia and thrombosis. Conversely, optimal levels of haematocrit, fibrinogen and white cell count may be lower than normal in low-flow states. Haemodilution by colloid infusion is beneficial in burns, shock, major surgery, prevention of postoperative venous thrombosis, chronic stable claudication and possibly in acute stroke and retinal vein thrombosis. Plasma exchange may be beneficial in severe Raynaud's phenomenon. Defibrination with ancrod is effective in prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis but its role in arterial disease is unproven. The benefits of streptokinase therapy in venous thrombo-embolism and acute myocardial infarction may be partly rheological, due to fibrinogen depletion. Drugs with rheological effects may be beneficial in intermittent claudication.
 ...
PMID:Blood rheology in general medicine and surgery. 332 67

Forty-five consecutive patients (32 women and 13 men) underwent biopsy of the temporal artery because of suspected giant cell arteritis. Their ages ranged from 38 to 84 years, mean 68.1 years. Five patients (11.1%) four of them women, were found to be affected by the disease. Their ages ranged from 54 to 80 years, mean 69 years. Clinical and laboratory findings included elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, prolonged fever, continuous headache, sudden onset of unilateral blindness, intermittent mandibular claudication, severe anemia and myalgia. None of these, whether present in isolation or in various combinations, were of significant diagnostic value. All biopsies were examined both by light microscopy and by scanning electron microscopy. The former examination took about 5-7 days to complete, and the latter about 3 hours. Light microscopy studies showed that 46.6% of the arterial biopsies were normal, 42.3% were arteriosclerotic and 11.1% (5 specimens) were characteristic of giant cell arteritis. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the biopsies obtained from all five patients found to have temporal arteritis displayed the "occlusive" pattern: the three-laminar appearance of the artery was markedly distorted or lost, the internal elastic lamina was barely detectable, and the densely hypertrophied media and intima filled the arterial lumen, virtually obliterating it. We conclude that scanning electron microscopy is a quick and accurate procedure for diagnosis of temporal arteritis and that positive findings may be taken as an indication for immediate steroid treatment.
 ...
PMID:Scanning electron microscopy as a diagnostic procedure in giant cell arteritis. 366 83

Giant-cell arteritis is a polysymptomatic disease of the elderly. Systemic symptomatology includes headaches, arthralgias, myalgias, tender temporal arteries, jaw claudication, low-grade fever, anemia, anorexia, malaise, and weight loss. Visual loss from anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and diplopia resulting from ischemia of the ocular muscles represents the major ocular manifestations of giant cell arteritis. When the diagnosis is suspected, blood for a sedimentation rate should be drawn, and, if it confirms the clinical impression, high dose prednisone should be started immediately and a temporal artery biopsy performed at a later date. Only by asking the proper questions and suspecting the diagnosis will this preventable form of blindness receive the prompt attention it deserves.
 ...
PMID:Giant-cell arteritis. Signs and symptoms. 715 21

Temporal headache, blindness, and polymyalgia rheumatica are well-recognized manifestions of giant cell arteritis. However, the disease may present in less evident fashion as shown by 30 of 74 patients with biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis whose predominant complaint was not one ot these cardinal symptoms. For this group of 30, the main problem was fever in 12 patients, anorexia, weight loss, and elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level suggesting an occult malignancy in 7, and unexplained anemia in 3. Four patients had a neurologic syndrome; 2 had diplopia and 2 acute weakness of one arm. Claudication was the chief complaint of 4 patients, involving the leg in 1, the arm in 1, and the jaw in 2. All patients responded well to steroid therapy.
 ...
PMID:Presentation of occult giant cell arteritis. 738 40

Temporal cell arteritis is a systemic vasculitis occurring mainly in the elderly. Classic symptoms such as headache, jaw claudication, visual changes, and polymyalgia rheumatica make the diagnosis relatively easy. Occult or asymptomatic presentations, however, are often missed or attributed to another cause. It is important for clinicians to be aware of the diverse presentations of this disease to avoid unnecessary investigations and prevent complications such as visual loss, myocardial ischemia, cerebrovascular accident, and death. This report presents the case of a patient who was referred with anemia and an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and who developed a headache during the hospital admission.
 ...
PMID:Temporal arteritis: a review and case history. 879 58

Horton temporal arteritis, or gigantocellular arteritis, is a panarteritis involving the mid-size and large arteries, in particular the temporal surface artery. This pathology is normally found in the elderly, particularly females. It can be manifest with some typical symptoms (i.e. cephalea, fever, visual disorders even leading to blindness mandibular claudication, high ESR, moderate anemia), there may be aspecific, atypical signs (i.e. only cephalea and fever, or widespread myalgia and artralgia) or it may arise following a cerebro-vascular accident. Treatment of this form of arteritis is based on the use of high doses of corticosteroids over a long period of time (at least 1-2 years). The present work describes a surgical technique for biopsying the temporal artery. The technique consists of withdrawal of a segment of the artery from the main branch and the frontal branch of the temporal surface artery. Since this form of arteritis often presents segmentary lesions, it is advisable to take a 4-5 cm sample so as to prevent false negatives. This simple surgical procedure can be performed under local anesthesia and is practically complication-free. The authors then discuss the indications for temporal artery biopsy and report 3 clinical cases (case no. 1 is an example of the classical manifestation while cases no. 2 and 3 are atypical, aspecific forms). Since both the classical and atypical forms of gigantocellular arteritis require high doses of corticosteriods over a long period of time, the temporal artery biopsy procedure is highly useful in formulating an accurate diagnosis. The well known side effects to long-term cortisone use make it necessary to use all the available instruments in making the correct diagnosis. Bilateral biopsy can be performed in those cases where the first biopsy proved negative but gigantocellular arteritis is still suspected.
 ...
PMID:[Biopsy of the temporal artery]. 954 25

Treatment of critical lower limb ischemia in diabetics is often a complex clinical problem for the diabetics' general condition and the local condition of the territory to be revascularized. For these reasons, often the only treatment for diabetics with ischemic-necrotic lesions is amputation. In the symptomatology of arterial disease in diabetics there are three stages: claudication, rest pain, ulcerative-necrotic lesions and two treatment modalities: conservative treatment and revascularization. Conservation is based on the optimization of metabolic control, correction of anemia, control of risk factors, removal of necrotic areas, specific antibiotic treatment based on culture tests. No healing of ulcerative-necrotic lesions after a reasonable period of optimum therapy, quantified in 6 weeks, is suggestive for the presence of absolute or relative ischemia and diagnostic angiography is suitable for the indication for intravascular or surgical revascularization. The latter, in case of diabetics with ischemic complications of the foot, is performed in specialized centers with inverted saphenous veins or in situ in the supragenicular and subgenicular district. Recently intravascular revascularization with balloons, atherotomes, stents, less invasive and less traumatic than bypass revascularization, have become available. At present, with peripheral revascularization, limb salvage at 5-years is feasible in 92% of diabetics with critical lower extremity ischemia.
 ...
PMID:Lower limb revascularization in diabetics. 955 Sep 1

We present a case of polymyalgia-like syndrome in a 62-years-old woman with four month history of severe headache, muscular claudication, asthenia, normochromic, normocytic anaemia and elevation of erytrocyte sedimentation rate. A diagnosis of giant left atrial myxoma was made brought about by thoracoabdominal magnetic resonance. Their surgical exeresis was followed by gradual disappearance of symptoms and normalization of laboratory parameters.
 ...
PMID:[Polymyalgia syndrome and atrial myxoma]. 971 Sep 88


1 2 3 Next >>