Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-Fy3 is reported in an African American patient with no history of sickle cell disease. This 82-year-old African American woman received two units of RBCs for anemia (Hab 7 g/dL) on admission for a left hip fracture. On hospital Day 7, the patient underwent left hip endoprosthesis surgery; she received two units of RBCs on the second postoperative day due to Hb of 6.1 g/dL. Her urine was dark during surgery and postoperatively. Her posttransfusion plasma was red. Her Hb dropped from 8.4 to 6.4 g/dL over 24 hours after the transfusion. Her total bilirubin rose to 4.0 mg/dL, with and LDH value of 1558 U/L and a haptoglobin of 10.9 mg/dL. Both the antibody detection test and the DAT were positive. An anti-Fy3 was identified in the serum and in the eluate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of acute intravascular hemolysis due to anti-Fy3 in a patient without sickle cell disease.
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PMID:Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction secondary to anti-Fy3. 1598 43

A 5-year-old girl developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) 15 months after being diagnosed with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA), while AHA was in partial remission. AHA was mediated by warm antibodies. Because AHA could not be controlled during the induction therapy of ALL, she was administered immunoglobulin G and plasmapheresis was performed. Hepatomegaly dissappeared in the 4th month. However, anemia requiring blood transfusion, positive direct Coombs' test, and splenomegaly dissappeared in the 13th month of the leukemia treatment; reticulocytosis and decreased haptoglobin level persisted. AHA exacerbated in the 24th month of the ALL therapy. Prednisolone was started but the family refused to continue the therapy. This case presents some features that were not reported before, such that ALL was preceded by AHA and involved T-cell lineage, AHA was mediated by warm antibodies, and the two disorders took place in childhood.
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PMID:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia preceding T-ALL in a five-year-old girl. 1602 Jan 3

A microcytic hypochromic anemic state was observed in an 8-year old Black female of Surinam origin during pre-operative Hb S [beta6(A3)Glu-->Val] screening. Her high zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) level suggested a chronic iron depletion but, in contrast, the high red blood cell (RBC) count (5.85 x 10(12)/L) was indicative of a possible coexisting thalassemia. No abnormal hemoglobin (Hb) bands were present on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or alkaline electrophoresis and the Hb A2 level was normal. Break point polymerase chain reaction (PCR) failed to reveal any of the common alpha-thalassemia (thal) mutations but selective DNA sequencing of both alpha-globin genes disclosed a TGC-->AGC transversion at codon 104 of the alpha1 gene. Cystine at codon 104 is involved in alpha/beta globin contact and has been described to be a critical amino acid of the alpha2 chain when substituted by a tyrosine (Hb Sallanches), inducing Hb H (beta4) disease in the homozygous state. Our heterozygous patient had a moderate anemia of 12.2 g/dL and a borderline haptoglobin suggesting some degree of hemolysis.
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PMID:Hb Oegstgeest [alpha104(G11)Cys-->Ser (alpha1)]. A new hemoglobin variant associated with a mild alpha-thalassemia phenotype. 1611 79

We investigated the effect of exercise on iron metabolism in horses. Four horses were walked on a mechanical walker for 1 wk (pre-exercise). They then performed moderate exercise on a high-speed treadmill in the first week of the exercise and relative high in the second week and high in the third week. Serum iron was significantly lower in the third week of exercise than in the pre-exercise. Transferrin saturation (TS) was significantly lower in the first and third weeks of exercise than in the pre-exercise. Serum haptoglobin was significantly lower in the first week of exercise than in the pre-exercise and further significantly lower in the second and third weeks than in the first. The packed cell volume did not change during the experiment. The exercise significantly increased the apparent absorption of iron. Urinary iron excretion did not change throughout the experiment. Sweat iron loss did not change during the exercise. The exercise significantly increased iron balance. We considered that hemolysis is induced by moderate exercise and is further enhanced by heavy exercise, which decreases serum iron and TS. However, the increase in iron absorption compensates for the adverse effect of exercise on iron status. Therefore, exercise does not induce anemia in horses.
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PMID:Effect of exercise on iron metabolism in horses. 1617 Feb 20

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare cause of anemia associated with SLE. We herein report a case presenting with SLE and PRCA. A 33-year-old woman, who had been suffering from photosensitivity, proteinuria, and pancytopenia, was diagnosed to have SLE. She showed normochromatic normocytic anemia. The serum level of haptoglobin was <10 mg/dl, and Direct Coombs' test was negative. Her reticulocyte count was 0.8%. Her clinical and laboratory features, except for anemia, had recovered in response to 50 mg/day of prednisolone. The serum level of haptoglobin had normalized, but the reticulocyte count remained low. The bone marrow findings revealed erythroid hypoplasia, and she was diagnosed to have PRCA complicated with SLE. No viral DNA of human parvovirus B19 in her bone marrow was detected. The anemia gradually improved following the further use of 50 mg/day prednisolone. In order to disclose the mechanism of PRCA in this patient, we examined the effects of her peripheral T lymphocytes on erythrogenesis, using erythroid colony-forming cells (ECFC) in her peripheral blood. When we co-cultured peripheral T cells and ECFC, her T cells inhibited erythroid colony formation in a dose dependent manner. Several reports have shown the presence of inhibitory factors in SLE patients' serum such as antibodies against erythroid progenitors or erythropoietin, while other reports have shown abnormal T cells that inhibit the growth of erythroid progenitors. Our study suggests that these inhibitory T cells may therefore have played an important role in the pathogenesis of this patient.
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PMID:[A case of systemic lupus erythematosus accompanied with pure red cell aplasia]. 1681 63

A 54-year-old woman was admitted due to high-grade fever, cervical lymphadenopathy and general malaise in May 2003. On examination, severe anemia was noted, direct Coombs and cold hemagglutinin tests were positive and the haptoglobin level was low in the peripheral blood. However, a bone marrow examination revealed marked erythroid hypoplasia. A diagnosis was made of co-existing combined type autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and erythroid hypoplasia. A pathologic diagnosis of de novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (de novo CD5+ DLBCL) was made based on a cervical lymph node biopsy. The patient was treated with CHOP accompanied by rituximab (R-CHOP), resulting in complete remission after 3 courses of chemotherapy. The AIHA and erythroid hypoplasia subsided after 2 courses of R-CHOP. The sera obtained during erythroid hypoplasia significantly inhibited the growth of erythroid progenitor cells (erythroid colony-forming units, CFU-E) from her bone marrow collected after recovery. We report here a patient with de novo CD5+ DLBCL associated with both AIHA and erythroid hypoplasia, suggesting that the lymphoma triggered an abnormal immunity which generated some humoral inhibitors against erythropoiesis.
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PMID:[De novo CD5-positive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma associated with autoimmune hemolytic anemia presenting as erythroid hypoplasia]. 1691 May 73

The purpose of this study was to describe the anemia of inflammatory disease (AID) in cats with naturally-occurring inflammatory diseases, such as abscesses (n = 12), pyothorax (n = 6), and fat necrosis (n = 3). Exclusion criteria were positive FeLV/FIV tests, neoplasia, nephro-, hepato- or endocrinopathies, and blood loss anemia. CBC, clinical biochemistry, measurements of serum erythropoietin, iron, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), ferritin, acute phase proteins, erythrocytic osmotic fragility (OF), and Coombs' tests were performed. A decrease in hematocrit of 1-28% (median, 10%) occurred within 3-16 days (median, 8 days). The anemia was mild (n = 11), moderate (n = 8), or severe (n = 2). In most cases it was normocytic normochromic, non-regenerative (n = 18), or mildly regenerative (n = 3). Sixteen cats had leukocytosis and 5 mild hyperbilirubinemia. The Coombs' test results were negative for 8 cats and positive for 1 cat. OF was increased in 2 out of 14 cats. Hypoalbuminemia (n = 18) and hyperglobulinemia (n = 16) resulted in a lowered albumin/globulin-ratio in 19 cats. Iron and TIBC were low in 2/19 and 6 /19 cats, respectively. The ferritin concentrations were normal in 7 cats and increased in 12 cats. The acute phase proteins alpha1-acid-glycoprotein and haptoglobin were increased in 14/14 and 13/14 cats, respectively. Erythropoietin was normal (n = 4), mildly increased (n = 7) or severely increased (1). Two cats were euthanized due to their underlying disease, 3 cats needed blood transfusions. AID in cats is usually mild to moderate, non-regenerative, and normocytic normochromic. It can be clinically relevant causing severe and transfusion-dependent anemia. AID seems to be multifactorial with evidence of iron sequestration, decreased RBC survival, and insufficient erythropoietin production and bone marrow response. Specific and supportive therapy, including transfusions, can reverse these processes.
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PMID:Characterization of the anemia of inflammatory disease in cats with abscesses, pyothorax, or fat necrosis. 1706 7

Successful treatment of iron overload by phlebotomies has been reported in two splenectomized siblings with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia--type II (CDA-II). In both patients 400 ml of blood were withdrawn every month. During three years 12 200 ml of blood were removed. The serum ferritin levels decreased from 1450,4 microg/L and 1131,7 microg/L to 447 microg/L and 457 microg/l, respectively. The transferrin saturation dropped from 0,99 at the start of the therapy to 0,64 and 0,86, respectively. The values of Hb, Hct, erythrocyte counts and MCV did not change as well as did not change reticulocyte counts, reticulocyte index, and RDW. Both patients tolerated repeated phlebotomies well. The decrease of bilirubin and normal values of haptoglobin might be the concequence of diminished destruction of erythrocytes and their precursors. Our observation confirms that phlebotomies can be used with success in CDA patients with mild anemia as treatment modality of iron overload.
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PMID:Successful treatment of iron overload with phlebotomies in two siblings with congenital dyserythropoietic anemia--type II (CDA-II). 1711 9

Hyperkalemia is a common clinical problem in dialysis patients. We wish to present an unusual case of severe hyperkalemia caused by fragmentation haemolysis in a dialysis patient with a prosthetic aortic valve. A 45-year-old man with a 5-year history of end-stage renal disease under dialysis, a known history of paroxysmal atrioventricular nodal re-entrant tachycardia and aortic valve replacement, presented to our department with a recent history of palpitation and profound generalized muscle weakness. The laboratory evaluation revealed severe hyperkalemia (potassium 8.5 mEq/l), anaemia, high levels of lactate dehydrogenase, indirect bilirubin and low levels of haptoglobin, and the peripheral blood smear showed a high percentage of schistocytes (3.8%). A diagnosis of hyperkalemia caused by fragmentation haemolysis attributed to the haemodynamic turbulence on an artificial surface caused by the supraventricular tachycardia was established. After normal sinus rhythm was restored the patient presented with complete remission to the pre-event values of all haemolysis indices.
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PMID:An unusual cause of severe hyperkalemia in a dialysis patient. 1756 90

A 81-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) associated with a thymoma in May 2005. She had previously suffered from Evans syndrome which had been improved by prednisolone in 1999. She underwent a thymectomy, however her anemia subsequently got worse. Reticulocytopenia was noted and a marrow erythroid series was aplastic. Furthermore, both direct and indirect Coombs tests were positive, and the serum haptoglobin level was low. Based on these findings, the patient was diagnosed as having PRCA complicated with relapsed autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). The PRCA and AIHA were successfully treated with prednisolone and cyclosporine. To our knowledge, only one case of the PRCA complicated with AIHA after thymectomy has been reported. FoxP3 positive regulatory T-cells (Treg), which maintain immunological self-tolerance, were readily detectable in the excised thymoma. Thus, thymectomy resulted in removal of the Treg pool and might explain the autoimmune activation, believed to be one of the mechanisms of the post-thymectomy recurrence of the AIHA in this case.
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PMID:[Relapse of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in Evans syndrome after thymectomy for pure red cell aplasia]. 1763 99


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