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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Serum vitamin E levels are reduced in newborn infants. It has been reported that this deficiency is responsible, in part, for the development of anemia in premature infants during the first 6 weeks of life. The efficacy of vitamin E supplementation for the prevention of anemia in premature infants has been studied in a randomized, controlled, and blinded trial. Premature infants whose birth weights were less than 1,500 g were given, by gavage, 25 IU of dl-alpha-tocopherol or a similar volume of the drug vehicle. Treatment was continued for the first 6 weeks of life. A total of 178 infants were studied. Vitamin E levels were significantly higher in a supplemented group by day 3 and for the remainder of the 6-week period. At 6 weeks of age, there was no significant difference between the supplemented and unsupplemented groups in hemoglobin concentration, reticulocyte and platelet counts, or erythrocyte morphology. It is concluded that there is no evidence to support a policy of administering vitamin E to premature infants to prevent the anemia of prematurity.
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PMID:Oral vitamin E supplementation for the prevention of anemia in premature infants: a controlled trial. 354 Aug 36

We studied erythropoiesis in infants with the anemia of prematurity by counting the number of colonies derived from erythroid burst-forming units (BFU-E) in the blood of 11 premature infants before they received transfusions. Colony growth in blood from the infants was compared with growth in blood from adults and umbilical-cord blood from term infants, in the presence of erythropoietin, 0 to 2000 mU per milliliter. Addition of increasing concentrations of erythropoietin resulted in a stepwise increase in the number of colonies derived from BFU-E (P less than 0.0005) of all three groups of subjects. Cultures stimulated with 2000 mU of erythropoietin yielded 28.1 +/- 7.6, 88.0 +/- 19.4, and 121.0 +/- 22.5 bursts (mean +/- SE) per 10(5) cells plated in blood from adults, blood from premature infants, and cord blood, respectively. Although more BFU-E-derived colonies appeared when 200 or 2000 mU were present per milliliter in cultures of the infants' blood and cord blood, the intrinsic responsiveness of BFU-E to erythropoietin was similar in all groups. Although the mean hematocrit was 26 percent, mean serum erythropoietin concentrations (+/- SD) in the infants (20.7 +/- 10.0 mU per milliliter) were not significantly different from those in the adult controls (24.0 +/- 6.5). We conclude that progenitor cells committed to erythroid differentiation are present during the anemia of prematurity, and that the intrinsic responsiveness of the circulating BFU-E pool to erythropoietin is normal. These results implicate inadequate production of erythropoietin as the cause of the anemia of prematurity and suggest that recombinant erythropoietin might provide a therapeutic alternative to transfusion for symptomatic babies with this condition.
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PMID:Circulating erythroid progenitors in the anemia of prematurity. 362 81

A previous report has suggested an increased incidence of chorioamnionitis in the placentae of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) victims. To further evaluate placental pathology in SIDS, 27 cases were identified from coroner's records and matched to two control groups. Both control groups were matched for birthweight, gestational age, and season, with the second also matched for maternal race, infant sex, blood type B, and maternal parity. No significant increase in chorioamnionitis or other placental abnormalities were found in SIDS victims when controlling for prematurity, which is a factor related to chorioamnionitis. An increased incidence of vaginal bleeding (P less than 0.04) and possibly substance abuse or anemia at delivery was found in SIDS mothers. There were more premature and black infants found in the SIDS group compared with the general birth population, and also lower five-minute Apgar scores (P less than 0.02) compared to matched controls. Analysis of the second control group match, including infant Apgar scores, maternal hematocrit, maternal age, and complications of pregnancy and delivery, did not influence any of our conclusions. The data suggests that matching for prematurity may be important in identifying the strength of additional risk factors for SIDS, since the risk factors for SIDS and premature delivery are similar.
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PMID:Placental pathology is not predictive for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). 365 Nov 89

Comprehensive teen-age pregnancy programs have endeavored to reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Positive results have been reported, but significant findings have been elusive. This article describes a rural program and compares the pregnancy outcomes of 60 matched nonparticipants. The study determined a relationship existed between participation in the program and maternal complications, birth weight, gestational age, Apgar score, and perinatal morbidity. Participants were matched perfectly on socioeconomic status and age, and near-perfectly on year of delivery. Subjects also were matched on ethnicity, marital status, and residence. Participation and fewer maternal complications of anemia, infections, and eclampsia were significantly related. Remaining dependent variables were not significantly related, but low birth weight (six vs. 11) and prematurity (six vs. nine) were lower for participants. Suggestions for researchers of teen pregnancy programs are included.
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PMID:Comprehensive prenatal care for pregnant teens. 366 20

A comparison of pregnancy course and outcome between 648 Hmong refugee women and 5278 non-Hmong controls, all of whom delivered at a Minnesota medical center in 1976-83, indicated that Hmong women were 5 times as likely to have a history of previous perinatal loss. In terms of demographic factors, Hmong women were more likely to be age 35 years or above at delivery (14% versus 2% among controls), to be grant multiparas (33% versus 3% among controls), and to be married (95% versus 61% among controls). While 59% of controls began prenatal care during the 1st trimester, only 16% of Hmong women fell into this category and 31% delayed receiving care until the 3rd trimester. A review of the obstetric histories revealed that 18.1% of Hmong women compared with 3.7% of controls had experienced 1 or more previous perinatal loss. Medical conditions found with significant frequency in the Hmong population included anemia, tuberculosis, malaria, and parasitic infestations. Preeclampsia, hypertension, diabetes, urinary and vaginal infections, and gonorrhea occurred less frequently among Hmong women than among controls. Moreover, the incidence of premature rupture of the membranes was only 4.2% among Hmong women compared to 11.8% among controls. The prematurity rate was 48.5/1000 in the study group and 117/1000 in controls; in addition, only 7.8% of Hmong infants compared to 10.9% of control infants were low birthweight (under 2500 grams). The perinatal mortality rate was similar in both groups: 14.6/1000 among Hmong infants and 15.0/1000 among controls. Contraception was accepted by 50% of the Hmong mothers, but under 10% remained users 12 months after delivery and 27% were pregnant again. The generally good pregnancy outcomes recorded among these Hmong women despite the existence of numerous high-risk factors--short stature, advanced maternal age, grand multiparity, late prenatal care, and poor nutrition--is surprising. It appears that relocation to the US has enabled this population to overcome the factors that contributed to their previous high rates of perinatal loss.
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PMID:Pregnancy in Hmong refugee women. 369 14

The severity of placenta praevia is well known and responsible of a non negligible perinatal mortality. This study relates to 65 children born after a cesarean section for placenta praevia and analyzes the fetal complications, their frequency, their prognosis as well as the obstetrical factors connected to this problem. Mortality is 3%, prematurity remains high and so is the anemia, but hypotrophy is rare. The main complications are infection essentially due to an overlapping placenta praevia, its hemorrhagic nature and the increasing number of hemorrhagic episodes and respiratory complications (respiratory distress, inhalation of amniotic fluid and hyaline membrane disease). From these fetal data, the authors propose a method of management of low placental insertions consisting essentially of bed rest as soon as the diagnosis in made on the sonogram, and extraction at the 35th week of amenorrhea. In case of hemorrhage, extraction must be performed earlier if obstetrical conditions, maternal as well as fetal, do not permit to undertake a conservative approach aimed essentially to decrease prematurity and its consequences.
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PMID:[Cesarean section for placenta praevia. Perinatal mortality and morbidity]. 382 23

Studies have shown that early anaemia of prematurity cannot be prevented by iron or vitamin supplementation. We studied 35 infants of birthweight less than 1520 g and mean gestational age 30.4 weeks who were fed either human milk alone or human milk supplemented with human milk protein. The vitamin and iron status were the same in both groups but the concentration of haemoglobin was significantly higher at the ages 4 to 10 weeks in the protein supplemented infants. Reticulocytosis occurred earlier in the protein supplemented infants. The findings on haemoglobin and reticulocytes were similar in 18 infants who received no blood transfusions. We conclude that human milk protein supplementation can increase the haemoglobin concentration of very low birthweight infants in the early weeks of life and that the protein content in human milk may be insufficient to satisfy their needs.
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PMID:Haemoglobin concentration depends on protein intake in small preterm infants fed human milk. 397 1

Forty-six hydropic infants with homozygous alpha-thalassaemia born during a period of 10 years have been reviewed. The incidence was 1:1550 total births, and accounted for 81% of all non-immune hydrops. The male to female ratio was 1:1.4. There was increased incidence of anaemia, pregnancy induced hypertension, antepartum haemorrhage, malpresentation, prematurity, fetal distress, difficult vaginal delivery, caesarean section, retained placenta, postpartum haemorrhage and congenital abnormalities. Antenatal diagnosis by DNA hybridization with subsequent abortion of the affected fetuses is the best method to decrease maternal morbidity and to reduce the incidence of hydrops fetalis in couples at risk. For those with no previous history, but with early onset hypertension and/or polyhydramnios, sonography is useful in making an earlier diagnosis, and in reducing avoidable morbidity, because DNA analysis can be done before caesarean section and aggressive neonatal management is instituted.
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PMID:Homozygous alpha-thalassaemia: clinical presentation, diagnosis and management. A review of 46 cases. 401 25

Parasitic disease is the most common infectious disease complication of pregnancy worldwide, resulting in maternal debilitation and fetal prematurity and low birth weight. The increasing incidence of these diseases in our population led to the present study of 125 patients, 34 of whom were found to be infected with at least one intestinal parasite. In contrast to studies in developing countries, no significant differences in either maternal anemia, or fetal birth weight, or prematurity were found between the infected and non-infected groups. However, there was a three-fold increase in the incidence of significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the parasitized group. Parasitic disease complicating pregnancy in our population does not appear to exert the same adverse effect on mother and fetus as that described in other countries. In view of the limited pathology associated with parasitic disease, treatment, other than with iron and vitamin supplementation, is not routinely indicated in pregnancy in populations similar to ours. However, due to the increased incidence of neonatal jaundice and morbidity we would recommend close observation of the neonates in the immediate postpartum period.
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PMID:Effect of maternal parasitic disease on the neonate. 403 76

Information on 555 Aboriginal births which occurred during 1981 and 1982 was forwarded by midwives to the South Australian perinatal statistics unit. Corresponding information was also supplied for all other births in the state. This information showed that Aboriginal women appear to have a higher fertility rate than do other women, particularly in the teenage years. Aboriginal mothers are very young and have a high parity. They appear to receive little antenatal care and there is a greater tendency for their pregnancies to be complicated by medical conditions, such as anaemia, urinary tract infections, cardiac disorders and diabetes. Post-partum haemorrhages and retained placentas are relatively common, as are genital tract infections after delivery. Aboriginal babies are characterized by low birthweights, low Apgar scores, and prematurity. There is an indication that Aboriginal babies may have a high perinatal mortality rate in the country areas of South Australia. It is intended that this information be used as a baseline for evaluating trends in the health status of Aborigines.
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PMID:Aboriginal pregnancies and births in South Australia, 1981-1982. 405 62


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