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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

When nine cases of viral hepatitis had been analysed they showed that the normally held pessimism of this infectious pathological condition associated with pregnancy was ill-founded. The natural outcome for viral hepatitis in our country is not any worse in pregnancy than when the patients are not pregnant. The outlook for the fetus is above all determined by its prematurity, since we have not observed any cases of abortion, malformations or small-for-dates fetuses. On the other hand the neo-natal progress is slow with anaemia and jaundice frequent signs. Treatment of threatened early labour with beta-mimetic drug has been carried out carefully because of the risks for the fetuses.
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PMID:[Viral hepatitis and pregnancy]. 91 13

Reasons for the high adolescent birthrate in the U.S., medical, psychological, and social repercussions of teenage pregnancy, and facts and myths about sex education and contraception for young people are discussed. About 30% of U.S. women under 20 become pregnant outside marriage, and many more are pregnant when they marry. The reasons for the high pregnancy rates in young people include recent early menarch, which accounts for 94% fertility in 17.5-year-olds, better health, and ignorance about contraception and basic facts about reproduction. Pregnant adolescents risk toxemia, anemia, puerperal morbidity, prematurity, neonatal mortality, and congenital defects such as mental retardation in the baby. They face family alienation, loss of educational and employment opportunities, forced marriage, and high suicide rates in addition to the trials of puberty. Many girls believe that their fertile period is during menses, that pills are dangerous, that they are not fertile. Studies have shown that sex education can lower repeat pregnancies 67%. Recent research has negated the belief that many young women desire pregnancy unconsciously. Current information shows that supplying contraception will not encourage young people to begin having intercourse. Most sex education courses in the U.S. are given after the average teenagers become active sexually. It is believed that contraception should be provided universally for young people, and that parental authorization of contraception would probably mend family ties, certainly better than would unwanted pregnancy.
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PMID:[Social and psychological aspects of contraception in adolescents]. 98 31

We randomly assigned eight concurrently symptom-free premature infants (birth weight less than or equal to 1250 gm) at high risk of requiring erythrocyte transfusions for anemia of prematurity to 6 weeks of intensive treatment with either subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO group) or a placebo (control group). Treatment with r-HuEPO was initiated at a dose of 100 units/kg per day 5 days a week, and was increased to 200 units/kg per day after 2 or 3 weeks if target reticulocyte counts were not achieved. All patients were given supplemental oral iron therapy at a dose of 6 mg/kg per day, as tolerated. Mean reticulocyte counts in r-HuEPO-treated and control infants were 64,600 versus 67,500 cells/mm3 at entry; were 245,600 versus 78,000 cells/mm3 after 1 week; and averaged 262,600 versus 136,400 cells/mm3 during the study. Mean reticulocyte counts in r-HuEPO-treated infants were 251,200 cells/mm3 during the week when r-HuEPO, 100 units/kg per day, was given, and were 269,500 cells/mm3 after the dose was increased to 200 units/kg per day. Mean hematocrit values at entry were 33.4% in babies who received r-HuEPO versus 33.6% in the control subjects, and were 31.4% in r-HuEPO-treated and 25.2% in the control subjects at the end of treatment. One r-HuEPO-treated and three control babies received transfusions during the study; the total volume of blood given was 17 ml in the r-HuEPO group and 101 ml in the control subjects. The percentage of hemoglobin F increased in infants not given transfusions. We conclude that r-HuEPO stimulates endogenous erythropoiesis in small premature babies who are receiving supplemental oral iron therapy. A controlled multicenter trial has been undertaken to confirm these promising preliminary observations.
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PMID:Enhancement of erythropoiesis by recombinant human erythropoietin in low birth weight infants: a pilot study. 137 52

Recent reports of neutropenia associated with the use of recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEpo) in preterm infants with the anaemia of prematurity have raised concern over the clinical use of this hormone. The present studies were undertaken to determine whether high-dose r-HuEpo has an effect on granulocyte production in vitro. The studies used a serum deprived, optimized semi-solid cell culture system to investigate the effect of lineage specific and non-specific granulocyte and erythroid colony stimulating factors on circulating peripheral blood granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM), erythroid burst forming units (BFU-E) and multilineage colonies (CFU-Mix) from nine premature infants and seven healthy adults. CFU-GM were grown in the presence of interleukin 3 (IL3) 8 ng/ml, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) 20 ng/ml and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 15 ng/ml alone and combinations of G-CSF with GM-CSF or IL3. The number, size and differentiation of CFU-GM colonies were then analysed in the presence and absence of high dose r-HuEpo (4 U/ml). High-dose r-HuEpo did not exert any significant modulatory effects on the number of CFU-GM colonies produced in the presence of IL3, GM-CSF and G-CSF alone or in combination. The number of cells within each CFU-GM colony did not change significantly, nor was there a significant change in the degree of differentiation. The combined number of BFU-E, CFU-GM and CFU-Mix colonies increased with r-HuEpo in both adults (1.8 x) and preterm infants (1.4 x), almost exclusively due to an increase in BFU-E derived colonies. Thus, no evidence was found for an r-HuEpo mediated redirection of multipotential haemopoietic stem cells into committed erythroid precursors at the expense of myeloid precursors.
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PMID:The in vitro effect of high-dose recombinant human erythropoietin on granulocyte-macrophage colony production in premature infants using a defined serum deprived cell culture system. 138 42

A prospective case series study was conducted Jan 1991-Oct 1991 on 108 neonates admitted to NICU, Lusaka. 90 patients satisfied inclusion criteria, 45 cases and 45 controls. Symptomatic seropositive babies born to seropositive mothers presented with failure to thrive, fever, persistent or recurrent thrush, severe Sepsis and large liver. Tendency to prematurity among cases was high. Diarrhoea, Sepsis and Haemolytic Anaemia appear to be terminal signs. Neonates suffer the most aggressive form of HIV/AIDS, with symptomatic cases dying 3-4/52 of onset of symptoms. Over one quarter of the mothers were symptomatic. Congenital malformations and Lymphadenopathy were not significantly associated. Microcephaly occurred in association with failure to thrive and was not an isolated finding.
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PMID:Clinical presentation of HIV/AIDS in the high risk neonate in Zambia. 139 42

Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) was administered subcutaneously three times a week to 18 infants with the anaemia of prematurity at doses of 75, 150, 300, or 600 units/kg per week for 4 weeks, starting at 3-4 weeks of postnatal age. A significant and dose-dependent increase in reticulocyte count was observed from a mean baseline value of 71 x 10(9)/l to 200 x 10(9)/l after 3 weeks of therapy, compared with a change from 69 to 97 x 10(9)/l in 66 historical controls. The haematocrit value remained unchanged during rHuEPO treatment, whereas it steadily declined until 9 weeks of postnatal age in the controls. These effects were accompanied by a marked reduction in serum iron concentration and transferrin saturation in patients receiving standard-dose iron supplements, but not in those given larger doses. Only 3 of 18 patients required a red blood cell transfusion. These infants were among the most anaemic at entry into the study and 2 of them were unable to complete rHuEPO therapy, while the third developed iron deficiency anaemia. These data indicate that rHuEPO with appropriate iron supplementation may accelerate the recovery from anaemia of prematurity. Larger scale placebo-controlled studies are now needed to confirm these findings and verify their impact on transfusion requirements of premature infants.
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PMID:Recombinant human erythropoietin in the treatment of infants with anaemia of prematurity. 139 27

A prospective study was made which included 287 infants, 12 months of age and patients of two Vizcaya Health Centers, in order to determine the prevalence of anemia and/or depletion of iron stores. The study design included somatometry and a review of the clinical records, dietary habits and the socio-economic status of the family. Laboratory tests included: hematocrit, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, number of erythrocytes, serum iron, transferrin, iron saturation percentage and serum ferritin. Anemia was present in 9.3% of these children and 6.9% had iron-deficiency anemia. Depletion of iron stores was found in 12.4%. Prematurity, socio-economic status, infants fed low-iron milk, early introduction of cow's milk and the weight at 12 months were all variables that correlated significantly with the anemic or iron deficient states. However, the number of infections during the first year of life did not show a significant correlation. A question about the necessity of routine screening is raised and recommendation is made for iron supplementation in the infants in the high risk group.
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PMID:[Anemia and depletion of iron reserves in healthy 12-month-old infants]. 141 18

A comparison was carried out between a series of neonates who weighed less than 1500 g at birth and received red cell transfusions for symptomatic anaemia of prematurity (group 1, n = 14) and controls of similar gestational age and weight, who remained well and were not transfused during their nursery stay (group 2, n = 10). Mean (SD) haemoglobin concentrations at birth were 163 (12) g/l and 183 (17) g/l (p = 0.004), respectively. Transfusion resulted in significantly better weight gain in six infants who had been growing poorly:mean (SE) 8.8 (2.8) g/day improved to 23.3 (2.1) g/day (p less than 0.002). Geometric mean (SD) serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (SiEp) concentrations (17.7 (1.3) U/l) for the whole group of infants were similar to those of normal adults (17.4 (4.7) U/l) despite considerably reduced haemoglobin values. There was a significant inverse correlation between haemoglobin and log SiEp concentrations in the infants requiring transfusion (r = -0.43; p less than 0.01), but this was not apparent in the untransfused babies. Moreover, at haemoglobin concentrations below 120 g/l the mean (SE) SiEp concentration of 20 (1.08) U/l in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (14 (1.06) U/l; p = 0.002). These data suggest that an increased concentration of SiEp early in the course of the anaemia of prematurity helps to identify those infants who would benefit from red cell transfusions, but that clinical criteria, although ill defined, do so equally well.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin concentrations in symptomatic infants during the anaemia of prematurity. 151 82

There is a high level of erythropoiesis in the growing fetus. In utero relative hypoxia results in a relatively high haematocrit and predominant synthesis of haemoglobin F, with erythropoietin (EPO) produced in the liver regulating erythropoiesis. At birth after full-term pregnancy, fetal EPO concentrations are high, but decline progressively thereafter. In pre-term infants the expected postnatal decline in haemoglobin is more prolonged than in full-term infants and the premature infants may become anaemic. It has been shown in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial that recombinant human erythropoietin (r-HuEPO) at a dose of 100 U/kg given intravenously twice weekly for 6 weeks to infants with anaemia of prematurity produced an earlier increase in reticulocyte counts compared with placebo; however, the difference between treatments was not significant. r-HuEPO therapy did not suppress subsequent release of endogenous EPO. It is concluded that a higher dose of r-HuEPO may be required to treat anaemic premature infants.
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PMID:Potential for treatment of anaemia of prematurity with recombinant human erythropoietin: preliminary results. 157 65

We report the findings of a longitudinal study of children who were treated in the neonatal intensive care units in 1975-78. Relationships are described between measures of conditions and treatments of both mothers and newborns during the perinatal period and measures representing motor, neurological, developmental, and ability functions of the children at 15 months, 4 years and 7 years. The results of multivariate and path analyses are presented in which a latent variable approach is used to characterize the covariation between signs, symptoms, and treatment in the perinatal period and the major dimensions of functioning at the follow-up occasions. Included among several noteworthy pathways between the latents of the various periods were ones from fetal distress, asphyxia, early crisis, intraventricular hemorrhage, anemia of prematurity, and number of days in the unit.
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PMID:Developmental pathways through childhood for children treated in a neonatal intensive care unit. 157 53


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