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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review has focused on the fetal erythrocyte. Fetal erythropoiesis, the production of a red cell with a shortened life-span, and the unique characteristics of this cell with respect to membrane structure and function, energy metabolism, and hemoglobin synthesis have been described. The hematologic manifestations of a variety of red cell abnormalities of structure, metabolism, and hemoglobin synthesis have been presented, as well as a discussion of the anemia of prematurity and selected nutritional disturbances that may distort this normal physiologic adaptation. We hope this review has served to further the reader's appreciation of this complicated and fascinating cell. Much more needs to be learned about the fetal erythrocyte. It is to be hoped that a fuller understanding of the fetal erythrocyte will provide insights into fetal development in general.
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PMID:Erythrocytes of the human neonate. 9 79

In a material of 300 cases of Rh incompatibility the clinical course of the hemolytic disease of the newborn was analyzed together with the complications of this disease and perinatal mortality. It was found that the intensity of icterus and the number of necessary exchange transfusions depended mainly on the grade of anemia at the time of birth. Prematurity caused no worsening of neonatal icterus but increased the frequency of complications and mortality. The high mortality of children born with severe anemia points to the necessity of hemotherapy of the fetuses before labor.
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PMID:The course of hemolytic disease of the newborn in Rh incompatibility. 10 13

A study was carried out of 3165 newborn infants delivered consecutively from January to December, 1973 in the Department of Obstetrics, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. A prematurity rate of 24.3% and a perinatal mortality of 96/1000 was observed. The incidence of congenital defects was 2.5%. Study of high risk infants showed an average fasting blood sugar in infants of diabetic mothers at 65.9 mg% and none had hypoglycaemia symptoms. A high prematurity rate was found in infants of mothers with Anaemia (39%), Toxemia (43%) and Jaundice (73%). The incidence of congenital malformations was 8.5% in the infants of diabetic mothers.
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PMID:A study of newborn infants at Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi. 40 28

The obstetric performance and pregnancy outcome of 354 underweight patients were compared with matched control subjects of normal weight. The growth patterns of their infants were also compared. The underweight women had significantly higher rates of cardiac/respiratory problems, anemia, PROM, and endometritis but were less prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Prematurity and low Apgar scores were significantly more frequent in the infants of underweight women. There was no difference in the frequency of IUGR and in perinatal mortality rates. The mean birth weight of the infants of underweight women was 231 grams less than that of infants of control subjects. Underweight women, particularly if they were anemic, had a higher incidence of low-birth-weight infants despite adequate weight gain. AGA infants of underweight women were more likely to be below the twenty-fifth percentile for weight correlated with length by 12 months of age.
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PMID:Pregnancy in the underweight woman. Course, outcome, and growth patterns of the infant. 48 16

The outcome of pregnancy was studied on a comparative basis. 150 Nigerian women who were underweight at the 14th week of pregnancy were compared with a group of 150 women of average weight who had been matched with the case group on the basis of age, height, parity and social class. Antenatal complications and labor complications/incidence of operative delivery among the 2 groups are tabulated. The incidence of underweight birth weights in the 2 groups is graphed. Prematurity was twice as prevalent among the underweight women as in the control group. 4 of the underweight and none of the control group suffered from hyperemesis gravidarum. The incidence of anemia, hypertension and preeclampsia did not differ in the 2 groups. The incidence of fetal distress was more common at delivery among the underweight mothers. There was also a comparatively higher incidence of Caesarian Section in the underweight group, most necessitated by fetal distress. Forceps deliveries were nearly 3 times more common among the underweight women. Delivery also lasted longer in this group. Babies of underweight mothers tended to weigh less than the babies born to the normal weight mothers.
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PMID:Outcome of pregnancy in the underweight Nigerian. 54 6

17 babies suffering from haemolytic disease or "hyperbilirubinaemia of prematurity" underwent exchange transfusion in the first 4 days of life. In 14 babies, including all those who had abnormally low pre-exchange serum vitamin E levels (<0.5 mg/100 ml), the vitamin E concentration rose as a result of exchange transfusion. In 3 babies the serum vitamin E concentration fell as result of exchange transfusion, but in no case was the post-exchange level below 0.5 mg/100 ml. The normal range of plasma vitamin E in stored ACD blood was 0.44--1.24 mg/100 ml. It was concluded that although vitamin E deficiency might be a factor in the aetiology of the anaemia of prematurity, prior subjection to exchange transfusion is unlikely to make a significant contribution to the vitamin E deficiency.
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PMID:Exchange transfusion and serum vitamin E (tocopherol) concentration in the newborn. 57 29

Adolescent pregnancy has long been considered high risk perinatally. It is also a symptom of social disorder. Older studies provided ominous portents of increased risk of toxemia, prematurity, anemia, cephalopelvic disproportion, and perinatal wastage. Studies during the past decade have shown more encouraging data, especially when representing a concerted effort toward this age group. The first 2 years of an intensive and individual approach to gravidas under age 17 are discussed. A total of 135 young women were studied and compared with 100 controls of similar age, treated routinely, and with 100 women of more nearly ideal childbearing age. Perinatal and social data are shown. The implications of the data are discussed in light of other studies. Few, if any, medical differences between the two groups of adolescents and the older women are noted. More important are the social and emotional factors in determining future difficulties.
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PMID:Intensive care in adolescent pregnancy. 68 57

A study of 200 pregnant women at the State Zenana Hospital, Jaipur, was conducted to analyse the effects of various maternal diseases on neonates. The maternal diseases were anemia, hypertension, urinary tract infection, heart disease, and tuberculosis. 200 healthy pregnant women were studied as controls. A high incidence (64.3%) of low birth weight babies were born to the unhealthy mothers. 80% of the tubercular mothered babies weighed less than 2.5 kg; 70% of the heart disease; 65% urinary tract infections; 60% hypertensive; and 64.3% anemia. The abnormal newborns showed a smaller average length and smaller head circumference (less than 33 cm.) than the normal group. There was also higher incidence of prematurity and poor neurological status among the abnormal group. Congenital malformations accounted for 2.15% in the abnormal cases, compared to .5% in the control group. The morbidity rate was 85%, compared to 46% in the controls. The causes were conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and cord sepsis.
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PMID:Effects of maternal medical diseases on the newborn. 72 Dec 25

Clinical and haematological findings at the nadir of the refractory, early anaemia of prematurity were compared in a study of 95 preterm infants. 53% of 30 babies less than 32 weeks' gestational age at birth had abnormal clinical features resulting from anaemia at its nadir, with a combination of tachycardia, tachypnoea, dyspnoea and feeding difficulties, diminished activity, and pallor. The expression 'available oxygen', derived from the Hb concentration and Hb-O2 affinity, correlated more closely with clinical features of anaemia that did the Hb concentration alone. A formula is presented that predicts the 'available oxygen', provided the Hb concentration and post-conceptual age are known; this avoids the need for direct measurement of Hb-O2 affinity. Clinical anaemia is common in preterm infants with Hb concentrations of up to 10.5 g/dl, consequent on the high O2 affinity of fetal Hb. This is the first description of any common clinical consequence of high Hb-O2 affinity.
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PMID:Nonphysiological anaemia of prematurity. 72 8

It has been possible by seeing twenty cases of cholestasis in pregnancy to define certain characteristics of the condition. This pathology of pregnancy is frequently associated with twin pregnancy. The prognosis for the fetus is especially affected by prematurity. There is no evidence of small-for-dates babies, but the neonate gains weight slowly. Anaemia and jaundice in the neonates are common. The treatment of threatened premature labour using beta-mimetic drug is useful and of no danger to the mother.
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PMID:[Cholestasis in pregnancy]. 90 78


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