Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twelve patients with advanced carcinoma of the prostate were treated with intravenous high-dose cyclophosphamide. All were hormone-resistant cases. At an interval of 3-4 weeks, cyclophosphamide was administered intravenously. The standard dosage of cyclophosphamide was 1,000 mg/m2 and a 10% lower dose was administered to patients with liver dysfunction, anemia and elderly patients. The results of 10 patients were evaluable. One case showed objective partial response, 1 case was stable and 8 patients showed objective progression according to the NPCP efficacy evaluation standard. The overall response rate was 20%, which we did not consider satisfactory. As to toxicity of cyclophosphamide, one patient died of severe acute hepatic failure, but in others, complications were mild to tolerable.
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PMID:[Intermittent intravenous high-dose cyclophosphamide therapy for advanced prostatic cancer with distant metastasis]. 261 84

A group of 914 patients with carcinoma of the prostate treated by definitive radiotherapy at Stanford between 1956 and 1985 was studied. Of these, the initial hemoglobin level was recorded in 656 cases and the initial blood pressure in 760 cases. End-points studied in actuarial analyses were survival, disease-specific survival, local control, freedom from distant relapse, and occurrence of late intestinal complications. Although the anemic group (Hb less than 13.5 g/dl) was correlated negatively with survival (p = 0.02), there was no correlation with disease-specific survival or local control. The conclusion was that anemia per se did not affect the outcome of radiation therapy. A pulse pressure greater than or equal to 60 mm Hg was significantly correlated with worse survival (p = 0.01) and local control (p = 0.04), but no correlation was found between systolic and diastolic blood pressure and the end-points measured. Neither anemia nor hypertension were significantly correlated with late intestinal complications.
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PMID:The influence of initial hemoglobin and blood pressure levels on results of radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate. 271 66

This project was concerned with the clinical knowledge reported by general practitioners in relation to the diagnosis and management of seven common clinical conditions: acute otitis media, jaundice, iron-deficiency anaemia, transient cerebral vascular insufficiency, infectious mononucleosis, pulmonary infarction, and carcinoma of the prostate. Postal questionnaires were sent to three groups of doctors: a constant group of experienced general practitioners who were or had been trainers, randomly selected groups of 200 general practitioners, and small groups of consultants who were specialists in each condition. The last two groups were changed for each of the chosen clinical conditions; the constant group remained the same throughout. The study was not concerned with the attitudes and skills of general practitioners or consultants, and no attempt has been made to analyse the process of clinical problem-solving. The differences between the constant group and random group of general practitioners were minor. Consultants received questionnaires identical to those sent to general practitioners and were asked to answer them as they would expect a competent general practitioner to do; their answers suggested a more direct approach to the problem concerned than those given by general practitioners. The information obtained has implications for education for general practice and educational audit programmes. Areas for further research are suggested.
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PMID:Clinical knowledge and education for general practice. 615 93

The increased incidence of prostatic carcinoma is the result of several factors including increased awareness among clinicians and the public of the significance of carcinoma of the prostate, the aging of the American population, and improvements in diagnostic methods. Most patients in whom prostatic cancer currently is diagnosed are evaluated because of symptoms of bladder outlet obstruction or abnormalities found by digital rectal examination (DRE). Incidentally detected carcinoma of the prostate on simple prostatectomy specimens (transurethral resection or open) occurs in 10-20% of patients. DRE abnormalities, leading to prostatic needle biopsy, explain most of the remaining diagnoses. Rarely, patients have other signs and symptoms, such as azotemia, weakness, anemia, and bone pain. Needle biopsy of the prostate is performed, generally, in the United States; however, aspiration cytologic examination is used widely in Europe. Ultrasound-guided needle biopsy is gaining increasing utility in many centers, all but replacing digitally guided prostate biopsies. The role of transrectal ultrasonography for diagnosis recently has fallen into some disfavor. Prostate-specific antigen assays represent a potentially important diagnostic test for prostatic cancer; however, its utility in this regard continues to be investigated.
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PMID:The diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma. 767 43

High dose dexamethasone combined with irradiation to the base of the brain achieved a dramatic beneficial effect in two terminal cases of widespread metastatic carcinoma of the prostate involving cranial nerves and the entire skeleton. Pain requiring very large doses of analgesics and anemia requiring blood transfusions every 3-4 weeks were improved rapidly. No further transfusions were needed.
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PMID:High dose dexamethasone and base of brain irradiation for hormone refractory metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 844 13

The partial androgen deficit of the ageing male is an essential part of the age-related changes of the endocrine system. Clinically relevant disturbances (co-) caused by a relative testosterone-deficit are: changes of body composition (increase of fat mass, decrease of lean tissue mass), decrease of muscle strength and mass, changes of the lipid profile, cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis and anemia. Controlled studies revealed a positive effect of testosterone substitution on body composition, muscle strength, bone metabolism and erythropoesis. Moreover, a protective effect on the development of coronary artery disease could be demonstrated by an improvement of the lipid profile, decrease of obesity and insulin resistance and by a direct effect on the coronary vessels. Clinically evident hypogonadism is a clear indication for testosterone-substitution also in the ageing male, whereas in the case of the partial testosterone-deficit in the absence of sufficient data at this time no general recommendation for substitution can be given; one has to decide about a (experimental) therapy in the individual patient. In every case the contraindications of a testosterone-supplementation (carcinoma of the prostate, elevated PSA-values, polyglobulia, sleep-apnea-syndrome) have to be observed, a continuous survey of the therapy, especially of the prostate is essential. A general recommendation for a substitution with dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) can not be given.
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PMID:[Androgen therapy from the viewpoint of the internal medicine physician]. 1181 54

The skeletal complications of metastatic bone disease secondary to advanced prostate cancer result in significant morbidity. In particular, pathologic fractures often require clinical intervention and are independent predictors of mortality in men with advanced prostate cancer. Before the introduction of zoledronic acid, bisphosphonates had been shown to provide pain palliation in patients with prostate cancer and bone metastases but were not efficacious in preventing skeletal complications. Zoledronic acid is the first bisphosphonate to show efficacy in reducing skeletal complications associated with the predominantly osteoblastic bone lesions characteristic of prostate cancer. In a large phase III randomized trial, zoledronic acid 4 mg every 3 weeks for 15 months significantly reduced the percentage of men who experienced a skeletal complication and reduced the incidence of pathologic fractures. Additionally, zoledronic acid 4 mg significantly decreased the annual incidence of skeletal complications, including fractures, and provided better control of bone pain compared with placebo. Adverse events with zoledronic acid were primarily limited to the flu-like, acute-phase symptoms previously reported with intravenous bisphosphonates, namely fever, myalgia, nausea, and anemia. These adverse events were mild to moderate and easily managed with supportive care. Zoledronic acid is the first and only bisphosphonate shown to reduce skeletal morbidity, including fractures, in patients with advanced prostate cancer and bone metastases.
Clin Prostate Cancer 2002 Dec
PMID:Zoledronic acid significantly reduces pathologic fractures in patients with advanced-stage prostate cancer metastatic to bone. 1504 89

To determine whether a 2,700-year-old tumor can be reliably diagnosed using microscopic and proteomic techniques and whether such prostate carcinomas show the same morphological pattern at the micro-level as modern-day carcinomas, this case was investigated. A 40-50-year-old Scythian king who lived during the Iron Age in the steppe of Southern Siberia (Russia) suffered from macroscopically visible osteoblastic and osteoclastic lesions throughout his entire skeleton. Macro-morphological (macroscopy, endoscopy, radiology) and micro-morphological techniques (histology, scanning-electron microscopy) as well as proteomic techniques (1-D- and 2-D-electrophoresis, Western blot) were applied. The results of the morphological and biochemical investigation proved that this mature male suffered for many years from and probably died of a carcinoma of the prostate. The diagnosis mainly rests on the results of the microscopic examination of the lesions and the positive evidence of PSA, which is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. It is remarkable that, in this ancient case, the morphological pattern at the microlevel is the same as in recent cases. The loss of the spongy bone substance (red bone marrow) provoked chronic anemia during the final months of the life of this king. The proteomic techniques applied are new for the investigation of recent and ancient macerated bones. Sensitive and reliable biochemical markers (PSA) are an important precondition to detect such tumors in recent and ancient materials. Currently, this is the oldest known case of prostate cancer diagnosed reliably by morphological and biochemical techniques.
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PMID:Oldest known case of metastasizing prostate carcinoma diagnosed in the skeleton of a 2,700-year-old Scythian king from Arzhan (Siberia, Russia). 1791 81

A 64-year-old male patient with a serum PSA value of 51.91 ng ml(-1) and an magnetic resonance imaging scan suggestive of prostate cancer was admitted with bilateral hydronephrosis and anemia. A suprapubic cystostomy had been inserted 6 months earlier, owing to voiding difficulties. The patient was found to have huge multiple bladder stones and a massively thickened bladder wall. A sectio alta with bladder stone removal and bilateral ureteral stenting was performed. Histopathological examination revealed the growth of prostate cancer cells in the cystostomy tube needle tract.
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2010 Sep
PMID:Implantation metastasis of prostate cancer in a suprapubic cystostomy tube needle tract. 1994 28

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death in men in the United States. The most common sites of metastasis include the bone, lymph nodes, lung, liver, pleura, and adrenal glands, whereas metastatic prostate cancer involving the gastrointestinal tract has been rarely reported. A 64-year-old African-American man with a history of prostate cancer presented with anemia. He reported the passing of dark colored stools but denied hematemesis or hematochezia. Colonoscopy revealed circumferential nodularity, and histology demonstrated metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed hypertrophic folds in the gastric fundus, and microscopic examination revealed tumor cells positive for prostate-specific antigen. Bone scanning and computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis did not show metastasis. It is crucial to distinguish primary gastrointestinal cancer from metastatic lesions, especially in patients with a history of cancer at another site, for appropriate management.
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PMID:A rare presentation of metastasis of prostate adenocarcinoma to the stomach and rectum. 2558 Mar 60


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