Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

C57BL/6 mice bearing either a transplantable methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma or Lewis lung adenocarcinoma were passively immunized every other day with a rabbit immunoglobulin fraction raised against murine cachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Mice bearing methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma developed tumor-associated hypophagia that was attenuated by anticachectin immunoglobulin treatment. In the same tumor-bearing animals, anticachectin treatment also significantly reduced the extent of carcass protein and fat loss, and reduced tumor weight. Mice bearing Lewis lung adenocarcinoma did not develop significant anorexia or carcass lean tissue depletion as tumor growth progressed, but they lost carcass lipid. Treatment of Lewis lung adenocarcinoma bearing mice with anticachectin antibodies diminished the degree of carcass lipid depletion and prevented plasma hypertriglyceridemia. However, in both tumor models, anticachectin treatment did not affect either the development of anemia, hypoalbuminemia or the increase in serum amyloid P concentrations seen with increasing tumor burden. We conclude that an endogenous cachectin response, inhibitable by exogenously administered antibody, contributes to anorexia and to changes in body fat and protein metabolism in these tumor-bearing animals. Neutralizing endogenous cachectin production with antibodies offers the potential to reduce tissue wasting that is frequently associated with neoplastic disease, but it does not appear to affect all of the hematologic and acute phase responses in these murine tumor models.
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PMID:Anticachectin/tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibodies attenuate development of cachexia in tumor models. 272 56

Only a third of the cases who have neurosurgical abnormality has been found to develop irreversible hypothalamus affections caused by tumor growth, hemorrhages, and ischemic infarcts. Microcirculatory abnormalities made up three typical morphological variants, viz. venous congestion, impaired rheological and coagulative properties of blood, and anemia in the vasculature predominantly occur in the other cases. Acute bilateral destruction in the medial segments of the hypothalamus corresponds to its profound functional inhibition. As its morphological substrate, sharp irritation of the hypothalamus (the diencephalic and catabolic syndrome has widespread rheological and coagulative abnormalities in its structures associated with largely reversible dystrophic changes in nerve cells.
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PMID:[The hypothalamus in neurosurgical patients (pathologo-anatomic and clinico-electroencephalographic correlations)]. 280 27

The definitive study of the relationship between blood transfusion and cancer recurrence has not been published. The existing studies fail to adequately control for anemia, duration of surgery, magnitude of the procedure, blood loss, and stage of disease, variables that are related to the administration of blood and are also associated with cancer recurrence. None of the negative studies has the number of patients necessary to achieve statistical validity. Experimental studies indicate that tumor growth may be inhibited or promoted by allogeneic blood transfusion depending on the route and timing of the transfusion relative to tumor inoculation, the route of tumor inoculation and the specific tumor used, and the strain and species of the animal and blood donor. The available evidence suggesting a relationship between blood transfusion and cancer recurrence does not support any changes in the use of blood for patients with malignancies.
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PMID:Blood transfusion and tumor growth. 305 92

Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) of C57BL/6 mice, a transplantable tumor widely metastatic by 6-7 days post implant (PI), caused hematopoietic alterations such as progressive anemia (hemoglobin: day 1 PI, 11.0 g/dl; day 19 PI, 7.8 g/dl), neutrophilia (neutrophils: day 1 PI, 2 X 10(3)/microliter; day 19 PI, 22 X 10(3)/microliter), and marrow and splenic myeloid hyperplasia (marrow myeloid-to-erythroid ratio: day 1 PI, 1:1; day 7 PI, 3:1). Accompanying these changes were an increased concentration of marrow granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming units (culture) (GM-CFUC) (day 3 PI, LLC 185 +/- 27% of control; day 19 PI, LLC 265 +/- 10% of control) and accelerated cycling of these myeloid progenitors [day 3 PI, LLC 45.3 +/- 6.5% GM-CFUC in cycle vs. sham (media) injected 17.5 +/- 10.5%; day 7 PI, LLC 52.2 +/- 2.5% vs. sham (media) injected 29.8 +/- 9.8%; day 11 PI, LLC 56.2 +/- 4.4% vs. sham (media) injected 22.2 +/- 14%]. This study questioned whether enhanced hematopoiesis was a result of progressive tumor growth or whether the injection of tumor cells could evoke the response. By use of groups of C57BL/6 mice given an injection of live LLC cells, x-irradiated killed LLC cells, or media, the hematopoietic response to live LLC cells versus dead LLC cells could be dissected. A biphasic colony-stimulating activity (CSA) response in the sera of tumor bearers was found to account for the myelopoietic changes. The first wave of CSA from days 1 to 3 PI stimulated 168 +/- 3.7% more GM-CFUC than control sera and was likely released by dead cells of the tumor inoculum; the second wave from day 7 onward stimulated 220 +/- 7.6% more colonies and was a result of the enlarging tumor mass. Tumor growth was necessary for GM-CFUC proliferation, and the declining growth fraction at day 19 in LLC-bearing mice suggested that hematopoietic exhaustion was a consequence of tumor growth.
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PMID:Early hematopoietic events during tumor growth in mice. 348 12

Tumors commonly exhibit pronounced inter-individual and intra-individual differences in the oxygenation status. Paramount factors contributing to this variability are the tumor growth stage or size, changes in the O2 transport capacity of the arterial blood (e.g., during tumor-induced anemia) as well as inherent properties of the tumor cell line investigated and different tumor growth sites as shown in the present study. In most cases, variations of nutritive tumor blood flow and changes in the amount of arterio-venous shunt perfusion within the tumor tissue have to be considered as basic pathomechanisms for these inter-tumor variations of tissue oxygenation.
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PMID:Cell line and growth site as relevant parameters governing tumor tissue oxygenation. 379 55

Today the indication for palliative embolization of inoperable renal carcinoma is more restricted than several years ago. Reviewing 31 own palliative occlusions of the renal artery in 29 patients over a period of 5 1/2 years two main reasons for this attitude are presented: 1. Because of collateral or parasitic vascular supply of kidney tumors the occlusion of the renal arteries only results in a retarded tumor growth rate and does not seem to prolong patient survival. 2. the "postembolization syndrome" after tumor occlusion has a relatively high complication rate and lethality (20% serious side effects, 3% deaths directly related to embolization). Therefore embolization of inoperable renal carcinomas is justified only in patients whose remaining lifetime can be alleviated by this measure. Certain indications are: massive hematuria, severe local pain due to the tumor and life endangering endocrine tumor activity, e.g. hypercalcemia. Uncertain indications such as recurring but not perilous hematuria causing progressive anemia and refusal of tumor surgery should be carefully balanced against the hazards of embolization.
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PMID:[Limitations and hazards of palliative renal tumor embolization]. 618 73

Cancer may affect hemopoiesis by altering the proliferative status of hemopoietic progenitor cells. In Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC), the proliferative rate of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit (culture) (GM-CFUc) was studied using in vivo hydroxyurea techniques. The disposal of mature elements to the periphery was also monitored during tumor growth. Neutrophilia, anemia, and splenic hypertrophy developed during the course of the disease. By Day 6 post-tumor implant, myeloid hyperplasia of the marrow was evident, but the content of GM-CFUc in LLC mice was similar to that of control. However, by Day 11, the marrow of LLC mice displayed an increased concentration of GM-CFUc, which tripled by Day 19. There was an increased percentage of proliferating GM-CFUc in LLC mice by Day 6 which was highest by Day 11 and thereafter declined. The level of colony-stimulating activity was higher in the serum of tumor bearers than in that of controls. The early increase in proliferative rate of these early hemopoietic precursors can account for the later accumulation of GM-CFUc and myeloid elements in the marrow. Increased cycling of hemopoietic stem cells raises questions concerning the potential for early exhaustion of hemopoietic progenitor cells in these animals.
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PMID:High proliferation of granulocyte-macrophage progenitors in tumor-bearing mice. 688 22

Some biologic, hematologic, and immunologic aspects of the growth and metastasis of the MC-2 fibrosarcoma indicated its suitability as a model for the study of lymphogenous metastasis. The tumor was maintained in syngeneic female BALB/c mice by the serial sc passage of 10(5) viable tumor cells. It metastasized macroscopically in all mice to regional lymph nodes (RLN) and to the lungs. Both forward and retrograde node-to-node metastases were found. Tumor growth and metastasis were associated with splenomegaly, thymus atrophy, cachexia, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, and anemia. Tumor excision at various times after inoculation showed that all mice whose tumors were excised when there was histologic evidence of metastasis in all RLN (day 13; mean of tumor wt, 122 mg) died subsequently from metastases, whereas no animals died whose tumors were excised on or before day 8 (mean of tumor wt, 15 mg). The onset of metastasis was seen in some RLN on day 8. All survivors were immune to challenge with 10(5) viable tumor cells, which demonstrated the immunogenicity of the tumor. Concomitant tumor immunity could be demonstrated prior to the onset of metastasis (days 6 and 7) but not early (days 0--2) or late (days 15, 19, and 20) in primary-site tumor growth. The early immune response to the tumor demonstrable as concomitant tumor immunity appeared to be abrogated by the progressive growth and metastasis of the neoplasm. Tumor cells passaged in adult thymectomized, X-irradiated, syngeneic recipients produced larger RLN metastases and smaller primary tumors than those passaged in control mice.
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PMID:Biologic and immunologic studies on a murine model of regional lymph node metastasis. 692 75

Anemia associated with malignancy is a common clinical problem, and has a negative effect on oxygen delivery and, therefore, response of tumors to radiotherapy. Erythropoietin (EPO) has been shown to increase the hematocrit of rodents when administered subcutaneously. The objectives of this study were to measure tumor and normal tissue pO2 with computerized pO2 histography, to characterize the change in rodent hematocrit with EPO administration, and to assess the capacity of pO2 histography to measure changes in tumor pO2 during growth, with or without EPO administration. Ten C3H mice were implanted with SCCVII tumors and after three weeks of tumor growth, EPO (1500 IU/kg/day) was administered for two weeks. Tumor and subcutaneous (SQ) measurements were made weekly with an Eppendorf pO2 histograph and hematocrits were obtained concomitantly. Eight C3H/SCCVII mice, which received no EPO and underwent similar measurements, served as controls. The hematocrits of the control mice dropped progressively from 42.0 to 23.0% during the two week period. There was a corresponding fall in both the SQ and tumor mean pO2 (55.6 to 40.3 mm Hg, and 19.9 to 10.0 mm Hg, respectively). In the treated group, the hematocrits remained stable (38.0 to 43.1%) as did the mean pO2 of the SQ (46.1 to 54.3 mm Hg) and the tumor (11.1 to 11.3 mm Hg). These data lend support to the value of EPO in reversing the anemia associated with malignancy and suggest a role of pO2 histography in monitoring the beneficial effects of EPO therapy.
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PMID:Computerized histographic characterization of changes in tissue pO2 induced by erythropoietin. 759 90

This is the case report of a 63 year old female patient, who was admitted to the hospital due to an unexplained anemia. A malignant melanoma of the cheek was excised four years previously (stage II, Clark level V, TNM classification: pT4, pNl, MO), followed by chemotherapy. By x-ray and CT examination an intestinal malignant growth was assumed. Laparotomy revealed a metastasis of the malignant melanoma, situated in the middle of the jejunum as cause of the occult bleeding. Complete resection of the tumor was successfully carried out. A second look laparotomy one year later revealed no further tumor growth in the abdominal cavity.
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PMID:[Metastasis to the small intestine of malignant melanoma as a rare cause of intestinal hemorrhage]. 794 1


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