Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Parenteral and enteral nutrition are being used as adjuncts to cancer therapy. A liquid diet formulation containing a 27% solution of glucose and 3.9% crystalline amino acids with electrolytes and vitamins was given continuously for a week via parenteral (iv), and via intragastric (ig) routes and also was given ad libitum via the oral or per os (po) route to groups of Buffalo rats with and without a Morris No. 7777 transplantable hepatoma to find out how these feeding procedures affect tumor-host interactions. Other groups of rats with and without the hepatoma were given solid food ad libitum. The following parameters were examined: mortality, carcass and organ weights, body and tumor growth, nitrogen balance, energy intake, fluid balance, urinalysis, hematology values, and serum protein levels. The results are considered with respect to the influence of the tumor on the host and the influence of the feeding procedure on the animal with and without a tumor. The presence of the hepatoma was associated with: higher mortality, a decrease in carcass mass, leucocytosis, anemia, a decrease in serum IgG, transferrin and albumin, and an increase in serum alpha fetoprotein. The iv and ig feeding procedures alone resulted in some mortality which was exacerbated by the presence of the tumor. Mortality was especially high in the tumorous rats on the ig feeding procedure. The degree of positive nitrogen balance and carcass mass was similar in non-tumorous rats fed the same liquid diet formula when given iv, ig, or po. Tumorous rats fed the liquid diet ad libitum showed anorexia and a significantly lower nitrogen balance. The iv and ig feeding of tumorous rats at a level which was well above those of the tumorous rats given solid or liquid diet ad libitum maintained the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats. Even though the iv feeding of tumorous rats maintained about the same degree of positive nitrogen balance as non-tumorous rats, these tumorous rats still suffered loss of carcass mass. It appears that the large rapidly growing hepatoma has priority for available nutrition over the host. It is further suggested that the rapidly growing hepatoma places an ever increasing demand on the available nutrients. Thus, a point is eventually reached where even supplemental nutritional support can no longer meet the needs of the growing hepatoma and the host.
 ...
PMID:Tumor-host responses to various nutritional feeding procedures in rats. 10 99

Mice, bearing a solid extramedullary Ehrlich ascites tumor developed anemia, reticulocytosis, and leukocytosis after 3 weeks of tumor growth. Erythopoiesis in the marrow, as measured by erythroblast counts and radioiron uptake of the humerus and femur, was suppressed to less than 30% of normal. However, striking erythroblastic and granulocytic hyperplasia in the spleen occurred to compensate for suppression of erythropoiesis in the marrow. Accompanying the medullary erythropoietic insufficiency was a similar suppression to 30% of normal in the growth of bone marrow stromal colonies in vitro. The fact that erythropoiesis was suppressed in the marrow, but not in the spleen, and bone marrow stromal colony growth was concomitantly suppressed, suggest that a change in the cellular component of the hemopoietic microenvironment had occurred. Splenectomy, prior to tumor inoculation, did not ameliorate the anemia. However, removing this potentially compensatory site for erythropoiesis prevented the severe suppression of erythroblast counts and stromal colony growth from the marrow. Thus, it appeared that, with sufficient stimulus, the suppression of erythropoiesis in the marrow was preventable.
 ...
PMID:Suppressive effects of an extramedullary tumor on bone marrow erythropoiesis and stroma. 66 32

Recent advances in our understanding of the hemolymphopoietic growth factors has revolutionized knowledge of blood cell development, the immune system, and of tumor cell biology. However, the rapid translation of these insights from basic research to the clinic has been perhaps the most dramatic part of the story. Commercially available erythropoietin has become established for the treatment of the anemia of end-stage renal disease, and promises to be of value in the supportive care of patients with cancer and perhaps other chronic diseases. It likely will be increasingly utilized for enhancing autologous blood donation and for perioperative management. Both GM-CSF and G-CSF only recently released by the FDA for specific clinical indications, though there are a variety of potential applications (Table 12). It is clear that G-CSF is the therapy of choice for most neutropenias and that both agents have effects in diminishing the myelotoxicity and mucositis seen after aggressive chemoradiotherapy. However, it is important to note that as yet there is no evidence that the use of either G-CSF or GM-CSF has resulted in increased cure rates or, in fact, increased survival in patients with various malignancies. It would appear that both G-CSF and GM-CSF will, in fact, allow dose escalation and/or diminished toxicity of various chemotherapeutic regimens. However, there are important considerations in the overall place of these cytokines with regard to treatment of human disease. A major goal in the therapy of patients with malignancy is obviously prolongation of life and cure. If, in fact, escalation of doses of chemotherapeutic agents does not result in increased tumor responses or cures then the use of these growth factors will have a relatively trivial impact on the care of cancer patients. In addition, the disturbing observations of receptors for these growth factors on various tumor cell lines and of varying degrees of in vitro tumor cell proliferative responses raises the possibility that in some situations they may actually stimulate tumor growth. This is an unknown which has not been adequately evaluated in any clinical study to date and which may vary from tumor to tumor. For example, if these cytokines increase tumor growth rate by 20-30% (an effect which would probably not be detected in the clinical studies to date) while allowing an escalation of chemotherapy doses it is possible that there would be no significant beneficial effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Hematopoietic growth factors. 142 40

The use of [(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dioxopiperazinyl-1-yl)]propane (ICRF-187) as a protective agent against normal tissue toxicity caused by combined Adriamycin (ADR) and whole body hyperthermia (WBH; 2 h at 41.5 degrees C) was assessed in a rat model. The effect of ICRF-187 on the antitumor response induced by the combination of ADR and WBH was also investigated in order to assess alterations in the therapeutic index of this combined therapeutic modality treatment. ICRF-187 significantly reduced ADR-mediated body weight loss, renal toxicity, and cardiomyopathy under both normothermic and hyperthermic conditions as shown by morphological and functional assays. ADR-induced neuropathy (seen only in normothermic rats) was also ameliorated by ICRF-187. Although this study did not show a pronounced effect of ICRF-187 on ADR-induced acute myelosuppression, ADR-mediated chronic anemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis were reduced by ICRF-187 in both normothermic and WBH-treated rats. The effect of ICRF-187 on antitumor response was evaluated with a tumor growth delay assay using an in vivo transplantable fibrosarcoma. ICRF-187 caused no significant change in tumor growth delay induced by either ADR alone or ADR combined with WBH. Indeed, the only complete tumor regression following treatment resulted from the combination of ICRF-187 plus ADR plus WBH. Thus, ICRF-187 significantly increases the therapeutic index of the combined modality treatment of ADR and WBH by selectively reducing normal tissue toxicity without interfering with antitumor efficacy.
 ...
PMID:Protective effect of ICRF-187 against normal tissue injury induced by adriamycin in combination with whole body hyperthermia. 190 99

Various types of partial mandibulectomy and maxillectomy techniques can be performed to control local tumor growth, but various intraoperative and postoperative problems and complications are associated with these techniques. Intraoperative complications relate mainly to technical problems. Postoperative complications include incisional dehiscence, infection, injury to salivary ducts, subcutaneous emphysema, mandibular instability, abnormal salivation with secondary cheilitis or dermatitis, anemia, pain and discomfort, lingual dysfunction and prehension difficulties, anorexia, ocular problems, cosmetic defects, local tumor recurrence, and distant metastatic disease. The surgeon should be aware of these potential complications and have a clear understanding of their prevention and treatment.
 ...
PMID:Results and complications associated with partial mandibulectomy and maxillectomy techniques. 213 89

Cecal carcinoma has been associated with a poorer prognosis than other colon carcinomas because of the presumed longstanding obscure symptoms. In a combined study of three Dutch hospitals, a total of 166 patients with cecal carcinoma were evaluated after right hemicolectomy. Special emphasis was placed on clinical symptoms related to advanced tumor growth, e.g., pain, anemia, and palpable mass. These factors and clinicopathological staging were evaluated with aid of the Cox regression model. Ninety percent of the resected specimens contained a Dukes' B or C carcinoma. Only 5% were found to have widespread metastatic disease. Overall 5 year survival rate was found to be 0.57. No statistically significant relation to pain or palpable mass was found. Anemia, however, was related to a better survival, especially in patients with a Dukes' B carcinoma. Clinicopathological staging according to Dukes' is closely related to survival. It is concluded that carcinoma of the cecum behaves similarly to other colon malignancies.
 ...
PMID:Cecal carcinoma: a different colon malignancy? 237 Aug

CA NT is a transplantable murine mammary carcinoma that causes progressive anemia accompanied by granulocytosis and splenomegaly. Serum erythropoietin (Epo) levels, as measured by RIA, did not become elevated in anemic tumor-bearing mice; there was no correlation between hematocrit and serum Epo levels. Treatment with recombinant human (rHu) Epo prevented anemia in tumor-bearing mice when given in large doses, commencing on days 3-5 of tumor growth. Recombinant human Epo-treated mice had smaller spleens than controls. When treatment commenced on day 7, the development of anemia was retarded but not completely prevented. Treatment commenced on day 14 was less effective. This study demonstrates that treatment with rHu Epo can markedly influence the course of tumor-induced anemia.
 ...
PMID:Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on anemia caused by a murine mammary carcinoma. 237 51

A severe anemia develops in recipient C57L/J mice after syngeneic transplantation of the BW7756 murine hepatoma. The tumor undergoes an exponential growth spurt in the 14-21 days post-implantation, accompanied by a parallel increase in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels and a significant decrease of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit extending to the 28th day. Concomitant with the decreased hematocrit, the blood volume displayed a 10% increase. The blood cell population was generally one of reticulocytosis and leukocytosis. Mild icteric plasma was observed and both "cold" and "warm" antibodies were detected in the sera of tumor-bearing mice. An elevation of IgM was observed by day 7, followed by a depletion of IgG1 and IgG2 throughout the tumor growth period. When RBCs of tumor-bearing mice were compared to those of normal mice, the same degree of osmotic fragility was found. However, the lifespan of the transfused RBC was shorter in tumor-bearing mice than in normal mice (half-life: 2 days vs. 4 days). The data suggest a type of auto-immune hemolytic anemia which is analogous to various hematopoietic disturbances described for murine hosts bearing solid tumors distal to hematopoietic sites.
 ...
PMID:Characterization of murine hepatoma BW7756. III. Hematological profile of a tumor-associated anemia. 240 35

Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) in serum of cancer patients was measured by a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the effect of sTfR for natural killer cytotoxicity was also studied. The statistical values of sTfR levels in sera were found to be 250 +/- 77 U (Mean +/- SD) in healthy individuals, while 288 +/- 162 U in chronic liver disease, 402 +/- 290 U in hepatocellular carcinoma, 429 +/- 261 U in gastric cancer, 347 +/- 207 U in acute leukemia and malignant lymphoma, and 251 +/- 100 U in other cancer. No significant difference in the sTfR levels among the patients was observed, although the difference between the healthy individuals and the patient groups was shown to be statistically significant at p less than 0.01 level. The effect of sTfR isolated from serum of a patient with iron-deficiency anemia by means of Sephadex G-200 column for natural killer activity was carried out. Cytotoxicity of natural killer cell in healthy individuals was inhibited by sTfR as the dose dependent manner, and the inhibitory rate was found to be 23.1 +/- 12.8% (Mean +/- SD) when the concentration of the sTfR was 1,250 U added in the cytotoxicity test. Furthermore, the inhibitory activity of serum in cancer patients was correlated with the sTfR level. These results suggest that sTfR is one of the inhibitory factors for the natural killer cell activity in vivo, and the factor could be facilitated for tumor growth and metastasis. Therefore, the measurement of sTfR in serum may be useful for monitoring immunological competency in cancer patients.
 ...
PMID:[Elevation of soluble transferrin receptor substance in serum of cancer patients with suppressed natural killer activity]. 261 80

Immunotherapeutic agents have often been found to provoke opposite effects on tumor growth--inhibitory or stimulatory--depending on dose, timing or route of administration. The reason for these opposite effects is not yet known. Levan (polyfructose), an immunomodulatory polysaccharide, has been found to exert opposite effects on the growth of the F10 variant of B16 melanoma. Low doses inhibit and high doses enhance the growth of this tumor. Cyclophosphamide (CY) augments the inhibitory effect of the polysaccharide. In order to elucidate the mechanism of these opposite effects, we tried to determine the changes induced by levan at inhibitory and stimulatory doses, alone or in conjunction with CY, on the lymphatic and hematopoietic systems of B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice. In a previous study we reported the effect of these treatments on the morphology of spleen and lymph nodes (Leibovici, Kopel, Siegal & Gal-Mor (1986). Int. J. Immunopharmac., 8, 391). In the present study, we examined the effect of the treatments on bone marrow and peripheral blood composition. The growth of the tumor itself, as well as the various treatments, induced very marked changes in both bone marrow and blood. Tumor inoculation produced a sharp leukopenia and anemia followed by a restoration of both white and red blood cells. In the bone marrow, the tumor caused a gradual decrease in lymphocyte number. CY accentuated the severe leukopenia caused by the tumor. Lymphocyte depletion was prolonged, while restoration of granulocytes was achieved by day 7. A similar pattern of changes was observed in the bone marrow. With levan, opposite effects were observed in blood and bone marrow with the two doses in relation to the number of the cells of the lymphoid and myeloid lines: while 0.1 mg (tumor inhibitory) doses caused a more active restoration of lymphocytes as compared to 10 mg (tumor stimulatory) doses, an opposite effect was seen on the myeloid series--the high dose induced a more pronounced granulocytosis than the low dose. In the combined treatment, the low levan dose accelerated lymphocyte restoration in bone marrow compared to CY, while the high dose delayed the recovery of these cells. The results of the present study in conjunction with our previous study may explain the basis of the intriguing tumor inhibitory-stimulatory effects of some immunomodulators. Moderate increases in myeloid cell series appear to favor tumor inhibition and high increases favor tumor stimulation. In addition, the results of this study suggest that a regulatory relation might exist between the proliferation of the lymphoid and myeloid cell series.
 ...
PMID:Effect of cyclophosphamide and levan treatment on bone marrow and peripheral blood cells in B16-F10 melanoma-bearing mice. 270 78


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>