Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Apoptin, a small protein encoded by chicken anemia virus (CAV) was expressed in various human hematologic malignant cell lines derived from leukemias and lymphoma. Three of these cell lines contain bcl-2 or BCR-ABL proteins, known to block apoptosis induced by chemotherapeutic compounds. By immunofluorescence and propidium-iodide staining apoptin was shown to induce apoptosis in all analysed cell lines. Early after expression, apoptin exhibited a fine-granular distribution in the still intact nucleus. Later, apoptin became aggregated and the nucleus segmented. The data with truncated apoptin indicate that for optimal induction of apoptosis apoptin has to be located in the nucleus.
Leukemia 1995 Oct
PMID:Apoptin, a protein encoded by chicken anemia virus, induces cell death in various human hematologic malignant cells in vitro. 747 2

Human recombinant stem cell factor (rSCF) was tested for its capability of improving the defective growth of hemopoietic progenitors in 28 cases of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). In vitro growth and response to rSCF were quite variable. However, in most cases, rSCF stimulated CFU-GM growth induced by rG-CSF, rGM-CSF, rIL-3, 5637 conditioned medium (50-1400% enhancement). rSCF effect was slightly more evident on day 14 CFU-GM and in the presence of rIL-3. BFU-E growth induced by rEPO or rIL-3 + rEPO was enhanced by rSCF in about 50% of cases, in linear correlation with the levels of patients' hemoglobin. rSCF did not increase CFU-E growth, whereas it slightly stimulated CFU-Mk in 33% of the cases. EPO, SCF and, particularly, their combination, enhanced the recovery of normal CFU-E and BFU-E after 7 days of liquid culture. This was less evident in cultures of MDS patients. Conversely, CFU-GM generation in long term liquid cultures, although highly variable, was stimulated by rSCF and, above all, by rSCF + rG-CSF, similarly to what was observed with normal bone marrow samples. SCF seems to enhance in vitro erythropoiesis only in MDS cases presenting without severe anemia. It has little effect on megakaryocytopoiesis, while it seems to be more active on CFU-GM growth and maintenance.
Leukemia 1994 Feb
PMID:Stem cell factor improvement of proliferation and maintenance of hemopoietic progenitors in myelodysplastic syndromes. 750 32

A 7-year-old spayed Louisiana Catahoula Leopard dog was examined to determine the cause of shifting forelimb lameness, anorexia, and lethargy. The dog was pyrectic and had splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and nonregenerative anemia. Examination of a bone marrow aspirate revealed hypocellularity with normal maturation of erythroid and granulocytic cell lines; however, approximately half of the cells were large undifferentiated blast cells. These cells were identified as megakaryoblasts, using immunohistochemical techniques to detect reactivity for Factor VIII-related antigen and platelet glycoprotein IIIa. Necropsy revealed diffuse neoplastic involvement of the spleen, liver, lungs, bone marrow, and lymph nodes. Cellular infiltrate was characterized by a mixture of megakaryoblasts and typical megakaryocytes. Megakaryoblastic leukemia (M7) is the designation proposed by the Animal Leukemia Study Group for myeloproliferative neoplasms of megakaryocytic lineage.
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PMID:Megakaryoblastic leukemia in a dog. 760 14

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) in childhood is considered to be very rare, but sound epidemiologic data are lacking. We report a population-based study of MDS in Denmark from 1980 to 1991. The medical charts were reviewed of 988 children identified from the Danish National Hospital Discharge Registry with a diagnosis of myeloid leukemia or blood cytopenia. Blood and bone marrow smears from all cases of possible MDS were re-evaluated. The cases were categorized according to the FAB classification, with the exception of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) in which more than 5% myeloblasts in the blood was accepted. Juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML) was included as CMML. MDS was diagnosed in 46 children representing 9% of all hematologic malignancies in children less than 15 years of age. The annual incidence was 4.0/million and did not increase with time. Refractory anemia with excess of blasts and CMML each accounted for one third of the cases. Down syndrome was present in seven children. Other predisposing conditions included Fanconi anemia, neurofibromatosis, constitutional trisomy 8 mosaicism, and familial leukemia. Only one child had therapy-related MDS. The study indicates that the incidence of childhood MDS is higher than generally assumed and approximate to the incidence of acute myeloid leukemia.
Leukemia 1995 Sep
PMID:Childhood myelodysplastic syndrome in Denmark: incidence and predisposing conditions. 765 25

A fatal systemic proliferation of malignant histiocytes resembling human malignant histiocytosis was induced in susceptible mice following infection with the murine retrovirus malignant histiocytosis sarcoma virus (MHSV). It is shown that MHSV additionally caused profound alterations of erythropoiesis, granulocytopoiesis and thrombocytopoiesis, and in the hemopoietic stem cell compartment. In the erythroid lineage, MHSV induced a normocytic peripheral anemia, which was paralleled by an unphysiologic, multifocal clonal expansion of erythroid blasts in the spleen. These cells were not transformed and appeared to have a maturation defect since blood reticulocytes did not increase above control values. Moreover, MHSV exerted cytopathic effects on neutrophilic granulocytes and megakaryocytes, since their numbers transiently decreased in the spleen, and agranulocytosis and thrombocytopenia was observed in the blood. Nonetheless, regeneration was found in both lineages at later stages of the infection, which was accompanied by a terminal granulocytosis. The number of lineage-committed and multipotential colony-forming cells in the CFU-S assay increased transiently, but decreased to very low levels in the final stages of the disease. Thus, the studies demonstrate that the same etiologic agent, MHSV, had different effects on hemopoietic cells, which included malignant transformation, hyperproliferative and cytopathic effects.
Leukemia 1995 Apr
PMID:Perturbations of multiple hemopoietic lineages in retrovirus-induced murine malignant histiocytosis. 772 6

The J2E cell line is an immature erythroid line which terminally differentiates in response to erythropoietin (epo), producing mature, hemoglobin-synthesizing red blood cells. We have shown that when these cells were injected into mice a rapid and fatal erythroleukemia developed with symptoms of severe anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. Southern blotting demonstrated that the leukemic cells were the introduced J2E cells. In addition to spleen and liver, the bone marrow was a major site of leukemic cell infiltration, and when grown in vitro leukemic cells from bone marrow remained responsive to erythropoietin. We reasoned, therefore, that treatment of mice with this hormone should alleviate the erythroleukemia, but regular injections of epo in vivo failed to arrest the progress of the disease. However, when bone marrow from leukemic mice was exposed continuously to the hormone ex vivo, before reinfusion into naive recipients, a marked extension in life span was observed. It was concluded that ex vivo epo treatment could be used therapeutically for J2E cell erythroleukemias.
Leukemia 1995 May
PMID:A rapid fatal erythroleukemia caused by J2E cells can be treated ex vivo with erythropoietin. 776 54

Retinoids have anti-tumor activity in several malignant and premalignant conditions. Since Kaposi's sarcoma is regulated by steroid hormones both in vivo and in vitro, we hypothesized that retinoids may have anti-tumor effects in AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma. Thus, 27 patients with mucocutaneous, non-visceral AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (tRA). Poor tolerance was observed at the initial starting dose of 150 mg/m2, and thus subsequent patients were treated using a weekly dose escalation, starting with 45 mg/m2 (given daily, in subdivided doses), to the target dose of 150 mg/m2 (given daily in three subdivided doses). Nearly half (46%) of the patients had extensive mucocutaneous disease with over 25 lesions. No patient had received prior cytotoxic chemotherapy. Ten patients had CD4 lymphocytes of 200/mm3 or greater (strata I); and 17 had under 200/mm3 CD4 lymphocytes (strata II). The median of the average daily tRA dose administered was 150 mg (90 mg/m2; there was no significant difference in the dose tolerance between the two strata). Adverse effects consisted of transient mild to moderate headaches in 65% of patients, mild to moderate skin dryness and cheilitis in 61%, and nausea and vomiting in 31%. Hematologic toxicities included hypertriglyceridemia in 62%, anemia in 23%, and neutropenia in 23%. Partial response to therapy was observed in 4/24 (17%) evaluable patients, occurring after 12, 20, 24, and 28 weeks of therapy, and lasting 4-24 weeks. Three responders had baseline CD4 lymphocyte counts < 200/mm3. Three additional patients experienced reduction in measured indicator lesions of greater than 25% but less than 50%, and seven patients experienced disease stabilization of 16 weeks or greater. In evaluable patients, the median time to disease progression was 22 weeks and the overall median survival in all patients was 27.3 months. No significant changes in CD4 lymphocyte counts, p24 antigen, and beta 2 microglobulin were observed over time. However, a statistically significant increase was observed in soluble IL-2 receptor levels while on tRA (p = 0.037). We conclude that tRA has activity in patients with mucocutaneous AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma with acceptable toxicity. tRA has immunological effects without upregulation of HIV parameters. Additional studies in combinations or with more active retinoids are warranted.
Leukemia 1994
PMID:All-trans retinoic acid for the treatment of AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma: results of a pilot phase II study. 780 21

In the present study, 89 patients with generalized immunocytoma were analyzed retrospectively for the prognostic influence of clinical features and of immunophenotype using bone marrow biopsies. Univariate analysis selected the following variables as significant for survival: age over 60 years (p = 0.021), Rai and Binet stage (p = 0.008 and 0.004, respectively), presence or absence of follicular dendritic cells (FDC, p = 0.036), presence or absence of anemia (p = 0.037). Multivariate regression analysis showed independent prognostic significance of age (p = 0.001), Rai stage (p = 0.003), and the presence of follicular dendritic cells (p = 0.010). Comparing CD5 positive and CD5 negative immunocytomas, no survival advantage for one of the two groups was seen. Presence of follicular dendritic cells clearly identified a favorable prognostic subgroup: of the 89 patients presented, only three of 18 (16.6%) with detectable FDC in bone marrow died within the observation period, as compared to 34 of 71 (52.1%) patients without FDC. Multivariate analysis emphasized the independent prognostic value of the presence of FDC. The high predictive capacity of follicular dendritic cells could add useful information to the commonly used Rai and Binet staging systems for immunocytoma.
Leukemia 1995 Feb
PMID:Identification of a favorable subgroup of patients with generalized immunocytomas by follicular dendritic cells. 786 60

From 1977 to 1990, 40 cases of bone marrow necrosis (BMN) were diagnosed among 10,856 (0.37%) consecutive bone marrow aspirations performed alone or with biopsy. All but two patients had underlying malignancies. Leukemia, nasopharyngeal cancer and cancer of unknown origin were the most common underlying diseases. Severe bone pain and fever were the predominant presenting symptoms. Anemia, schistocytes and leukoerythroblastosis were noted in the peripheral blood smears in 97% (37/38), 72% (22/32), and 66% (23/35) of the patients with cancer and BMN. Malignant cells were found in bone marrow aspirates or biopsy specimens in all but one of the patients. Varied degrees of disseminated intravascular coagulation were demonstrated in all of the 10 patients examined who displayed coagulation status. Four of seven patients with leukemia achieved complete remission after chemotherapy, and the survival time for the complete responders ranged from 10 months to eight years. The outcome of cancer patients with BMN who did not respond to chemotherapy was poor, with a median survival time of six weeks.
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PMID:Bone marrow necrosis in 38 adult cancer patients. 791 63

Deletion of the retinoblastoma gene (Rb-1) was found in more than 50% (12/23) of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Myeloma cells were highly purified from bone marrow aspirates by flow cytometry and analyzed using probes specific for the Rb-1 gene and the centromeric region of chromosomes 13 and 21. Routine cytogenetics revealed abnormal chromosome 13 in only 17% (4/23) of these patients. No correlation between Rb-1 deletion and tumor stage, immunoglobulin isotype, anemia, serum beta-2 microglobulin levels, patient age or the extent of prior therapy was found. However, the high incidence of Rb-1 deletion detected by FISH suggests a role of this tumor suppressor gene in the biology of MM. Although allelic loss of the Rb-1 gene is unlikely to be the only genetic change necessary for the development of MM, it may be a relatively early event in MM unrelated to chemotherapeutic intervention. Since the Rb-1 gene suppresses IL-6 production and secretion, Rb-1 deletion may result in deregulation of IL-6 expression and hence expansion of IL-6 dependent myeloma clones.
Leukemia 1994 Aug
PMID:Deletion of the retinoblastoma gene in multiple myeloma. 805 62


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