Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Leukemia is the most common form of cancer in childhood. The disease is characterized by a high incidence of oral complications at diagnosis and during subsequent treatment. Oral complications can be divided in three groups. Primary lesions are induced by the infiltration of the oral structures by malignant cells: gingival infiltration and infiltration of bony oral structures. Secondary lesions are the result of the myelophthisic character of the disease. This group contains symptoms of anemia, increased bleeding tendency and increased susceptibility to infections. Tertiary lesions are induced by the antileukemic treatment patients receive. Direct and indirect cytotoxic effects can be distinguished. This article reviews the different oral manifestations, describes the most prominent characteristics of the different oral symptoms and demonstrates the importance of early and correct recognition of these symptoms for the oncologist. This can be important for diagnosis of the disease, but also for prevention and treatment of complications during the subsequent treatment. Dentists and stomatologists can contribute to a better prognosis and a reduction of morbidity and mortality of this disease.
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PMID:[Oral manifestations in leukemic children and their diagnostic value]. 251 79

We analyzed specimens from 268 patients with small lymphocytic lymphoma (SL) to identify prognostic factors significant for survival. These patients were staged and treated according to the protocols of the Cancer and Leukemia Group B, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, Southeastern Cancer Study Group, and the Southwest Oncology Group. Univariate analysis showed that a large-cell grade greater than I, WBC greater than 10,000/microL, hemoglobin (Hgb) less than 11 g/dL, age greater than or equal to 55 years, and failure to respond to treatment were all poor prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis showed that large-cell grade, age, degree of capsular invasion, and symptom type were independently associated with survival. Separate analyses of cases with and without leukocytosis indicated differences in survival. In patients without leukocytosis, age, presence or absence of anemia, and treatment response were significant prognostic variables; in patients with leukocytosis, large-cell grade, presence or absence of anemia, symptom type, and treatment response were significantly related to survival. Multivariate analysis showed that age was the only significant independent prognostic variable in patients without leukocytosis; in patients with leukocytosis, symptom type, large-cell grade, and bone marrow involvement were independently associated with survival. We conclude that several parameters, both clinical and pathologic, should be assessed at the initial diagnosis of SL to predict prognosis better.
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PMID:Small lymphocytic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic analysis of 268 cases. 264 79

The in vitro effect of recombinant human GM-CSF (rHuGM-CSF) was tested on bone marrow-derived multilineage (CFU-GEMM) as well as megakaryocytic (CFU-Mk), erythroid (BFU-E), and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors in a group (n = 16) of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Hematopoietic progenitor cell growth was markedly impaired in MDS patients as compared to normal controls (p less than 0.05, at least). Recombinant HuGM-CSF supported the growth of CFU-GEMM, CFU-Mk, and BFU-E at lower, equivalent, or slightly higher frequencies that those found in cultures plated with medium conditioned by peripheral blood leukocytes (PHA-LCM), but it was invariably ineffective in improving growth values. Recombinant HuGM-CSF supported the growth of granulocyte-macrophage colonies in 15 of 16 cases. The overall incidence (mean +/- SEM) of CFU-GM in cultures containing rHuGM-CSF (5 ng/ml) was significantly higher than the one found in cultures stimulated with PHA-LCM (40 +/- 15 vs. 17 +/- 7, p less than 0.05). Upon culture with rHuGM-CSF (5 ng/ml), in 5 of 15 patients de novo colony formation was observed (8 +/- 4) and in 4 of 15 patients CFU-GM growth (129 +/- 33) fell within normal range. Doses of rHuGM-CSF higher than 5 ng/ml did not result in a further increase of MDS-derived colony formation. It is concluded that rHuGM-CSF (a) does not improve the growth of CFU-GEMM, CFU-Mk, and BFU-E; (b) may completely restore the growth of CFU-GM in a subgroup of MDS patients; (c) while ineffective in improving anemia and thrombocytopenia, its in vivo in MDS may correct leukopenia through an effect at the level of granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell compartment, at least in a subset of highly responsive patients.
Leukemia 1989 May
PMID:Growth of human hematopoietic colonies from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes in response to recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. 265 96

We conducted a phase II trial of deoxycoformycin (pentostatin [DCF]) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Eligibility criteria included age greater than 18 years, Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) performance status 0 to 2, lymphocyte count greater than or equal to 15,000 cells/microL, international stage B or C disease (multiple lymph nodes involved and/or hemoglobin [Hgb] less than 11 g and/or platelets less than 100,000/microL) and no more than one prior treatment regimen. DCF dose was 4 mg/m2 intravenously (IV) weekly for 3 weeks and then every 2 weeks. There were 39 eligible patients (35 men and four women; median age, 63 years; median time from diagnosis to study entry, 3 years). Of these 39 patients, 31% were stage B and 33% had no prior treatment. Median laboratory values at entry were Hgb 10.5 g, WBC 96,100/microL, and platelets 93,500/microL. Nodal involvement was present in 90%, splenomegaly in 81%, and hepatomegaly in 47%. Patients received a median of nine DCF injections, with a range of four to 26. Three patients were not evaluable for response. Overall, 3% achieved a complete response (CR), 23% a partial response (PR), 28% showed clinical improvement (CI), and 38% had stable disease (SD). Associated toxicities (grade 2 or worse) observed were infections (52%), worsening of thrombocytopenia (26%) or anemia (33%), nausea and vomiting (31%), rash or pruritus (20%), and stomatitis (8%). We conclude that DCF is an active agent in CLL with acceptable toxicity.
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PMID:Pentostatin in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a phase II trial of Cancer and Leukemia group B. 278 91

A feline T-lymphotrophic lentvirus (FTLV) has recently been isolated from a domestic cat free of feline leukemia virus (FeLV). This virus is distinct from FeLV (an oncornavirus), although they share a common denominator, namely, the ability to cause immunosuppression and induce lymphadenopathy and anemia. Their differences can be revealed by examining the following: the metal requirement for reverse transcriptase activity, the antigenic comparison by Western blot analysis, the different susceptibilities of a variety of feline cells, and the morphology based on electron microscopy. In the serological survey of 1,612 cats surveyed in the USA, 232 (14.4%) were seropositive for antibodies to FTLV, which was lower than for the 42 Canadian cats surveyed of which 8 (19%) were seropositive. Of the 61 cats positive for FeLV, 15 (25%) were also positive for FTLV, giving the impression that coinfection between these two retroviruses plays an important role in the cliniocpathological signs of what was previously thought to be solely an FeLV syndrome.
Leukemia 1988 Dec
PMID:Feline immunodeficiency syndrome--a comparison between feline T-lymphotropic lentivirus and feline leukemia virus. 284 98

In order to investigate the prognostic value of immunologic markers together with the most relevant clinical and hematological disease characteristics in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML), the reactivity of blast cells from 102 patients with AML was analyzed with a panel of twenty monoclonal antibodies. The univariate analysis showed that five parameters had an adverse effect on both complete remission (CR) and survival: advanced age (greater than 60 years), anemia (hemoglobin concentration (Hb) less than 10g/dl), the expression of the antigens detected by the anti-megakaryocytic antibodies (CDw41/CDw42), the monocytic antibodies (CD14), and the CD9 (FMC56, FMC8) antigen. In addition, the failure to obtain CR had a significant adverse effect on survival (p less than 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that only age and Hb had a significant influence on CR while for predicting survival the most important independent prognostic factors were: CR, age, number of platelets and reactivity with the CD9 antibody. These results show that immunological markers could represent a valuable tool in the assignment of risk categories in AML patients.
Leukemia 1989 Feb
PMID:Prognostic value of immunological markers in acute myeloblastic leukemia. 291 Dec 3

The clinical and cell growth characteristics of 11 children with monosomy 7 presenting as preleukemia (eight cases) or acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia (three cases) were studied. Anemia was common to all patients, with nine showing leukocytosis, seven thrombocytopenia, and one thrombocytosis. There was a striking predominance of males (M/F ratio, 10:1) and a young median age (3 years). Preleukemia evolved to acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia in five patients and to myelofibrosis in one. In vitro studies of bone marrow progenitor cells cultured in leukocyte feeder-stimulated agar revealed abnormal cell proliferative patterns, most often an increased number of small clusters, for all 11 subjects. The cells of some preleukemic patients showed increased growth even in the absence of an exogenous source of colony-stimulating factor, suggesting autonomous growth or possibly autocrine stimulation. Combination chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation failed to induce complete remission in the seven patients who were treated. Our findings in these 11 cases confirm the poor prognosis of monosomy 7 presenting as preleukemia in children. The in vitro studies suggest an association between altered cell growth in vitro and clinical evolution to frank leukemia.
Leukemia 1987 Feb
PMID:Childhood monosomy 7 syndrome: clinical and in vitro studies. 366 40

We studied changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow biopsy specimens obtained before, during, and after recombinant alpha 2b-interferon (IFN-alpha 2b) therapy in 25 patients with hairy cell leukemia. During therapy, only 1 patient showed no improvement in at least one of the parameters monitored. Granulocytopenia, thrombocytopenia, and monocytopenia resolved in 19/20, 14/15, and 17/18 patients, respectively. In 18/21 patients with Hb less than 12g/dl before treatment, the anemia became less severe. Hairy cells disappeared or decreased in numbers in the peripheral blood in all patients. In the bone marrow, numbers of hairy cells decreased and numbers of granulocytic, erythroid, and megakaryocytic cells increased usually within 3-6 months after the start of therapy. In no patient were hairy cells ever completely absent from the bone marrow. After cessation of IFN-alpha, the median Hb value, WBC, and platelet counts changed little for up to 12 months, but the absolute neutrophil count and absolute monocyte count decreased. Hairy cells reappeared in the peripheral blood of three patients. In the bone marrow the percentage of hairy cells increased, whereas the percentage of granulocytic and erythroid cells decreased. Neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) scores were abnormally high in 18/18 patients studied prior to IFN-alpha, but became normal in 17 of these during therapy and were normal in seven first studied during therapy. The median NAP score doubled by 3 months after cessation of therapy and was abnormal in 17/19 patients followed for 6 months. NAP score may be useful in predicting changes in the bone marrow in patients treated with IFN-alpha. We did not find any parameter in the pretherapy specimens that would have allowed us to predict individual response.
Leukemia 1987 Apr
PMID:Changes in peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens during and after alpha 2b-interferon therapy for hairy cell leukemia. 366 60

The effect of hematopoietic stem cell age on leukemogenesis in vitro was tested in nonrecharged, corticosterold-supplemented NIH Swiss [N:NIH(S)] mouse long-term bone marrow cultures infected with Friend murine leukemia virus of anemia-inducing strain (F-MuLV-A) or spleen focus-forming virus (SFFV) [Rauscher murine leukemia virus (R-MuLV)], a pseudotype virus derived by rescue of the SFFV genome from SFFV-Balb/3T3 clone A31 nonproducer cells with clonal helper R-MuLV. Cultures at 33 degrees C derived from 10-day-old or adult mouse marrow generated colony-forming unit culture granulocytic macrophage (CFUc) progenitor cells for over 20 weeks and colony-forming unit spleen cells for 14 weeks and generated permanent granulocytic leukemia cell lines after infection with F-MuLV-A at week 1, 2, or 4 but not at week 8. Leukemia lines were of granulocyte phenotype whether induced by F-MuLV-A or SFFV (R-MuLV) and synthesized myeloperoxidase and lysozyme but were restricted in ability to generate superoxide in response to phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Cultures (31 degrees C) infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) helper virus mutant pseudotypes of SFFV as well as SFFV (R-MuLV) generated granulocytic leukemia lines, whereas only SFFV (R-MuLV) pseudotype virus-infected cultures became leukemic at 37 degrees C. R-MuLV wild type or ts mutant helper virus infection alone increased cell proliferation and numbers of CFUc but did not generate leukemia. These data indicated that gene(s) specific to F-MuLV-A or a virus rescued from SFFV-Balb/3T3 clone A31 nonproducer cells are required for transformation in vitro of a hematopoietic stem cell present in early but absent in late bone marrow cultures.
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PMID:Virus and cell requirements for Friend virus granulocytic leukemogenesis in long-term bone marrow cultures of NIH swiss [N:NIH(S)] mice. 692 98

Indicine N-oxide is a pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Heliotropium indicum, one of the widely used herbs in Ayurvedic medicine. Thirty-seven patients with solid tumors received the drug: 15 men and 22 women (mean age, 53 years). All had had prior chemotherapy, and 25 had had prior radiotherapy. Eighty-four percent had a performance status of 0-3 (Cancer and Leukemia Group B criteria). The drug was given as a short infusion over 15 minutes and repeated with a median interval of 4 weeks. Doses were escalated from 1 to 9 g/m2. A total of 55 courses were evaluable. Dose-limiting toxic effects were leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and the toxicity was cumulative with repeated doses. Other toxic effects included nausea and vomiting, anemia, and hepatic dysfunction. The hematologic toxicity tended to be more pronounced in patients with hepatic dysfunction, poor marrow reserve, and heavy prior chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There were no complete or partial responses. One patient with skin melanoma and another with ovarian carcinoma had improvement lasting 2 months. The maximally tolerated dose is 9 g/m2 in our population. A recommended dose for therapeutic study is 7 g/m2. High-risk patients should be started at a dose of 5 g/m2. The treatment may be repeated at 4-week intervals with close monitoring of wbc and platelet counts. Dose reductions may be necessary for repeated courses.
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PMID:Phase I study of indicine N-oxide in patients with advanced cancer. 709 66


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