Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study was designed to evaluate the interaction between protein malnutrition, gossypol treatment and blood parasitosis (Trypanosoma brucei) in the Wistar rat. Haematological and serum biochemical changes were evaluated in the rats, which were placed on two planes of nutrition--low protein (LP) and normal protein (NP)--and either treated with gossypol or infected with Trypanosoma brucei, or both. Higher parasitaemia occurred in gossypol-treated NP rats than in the corresponding LP group. Gossypol treatment and trypanosomal infection, either alone or in concert, caused an anaemia that was both macrocytic and hypochromic. Both treatments together also caused increases in serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase activities, which were accompanied by depressed serum albumin concentrations, suggestive of hepatic dysfunction in affected rats. These results suggest that, with adequate protein intake, the growth and infectivity of trypanosomes is not inhibited by gossypol but that protein malnutrition has a beneficial effect of reduced parasitaemia. Unfortunately, this beneficial effect is counteracted by gossypol enhancement of hepatic dysfunction caused by trypanosomes.
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PMID:The effects of protein malnutrition and experimental infection with Trypanosoma brucei on gossypol treatment in the rat: haematological and serum biochemical changes. 759 58

During 1984 to 1991, 54 out of 569 lupus nephritis patients at Siriraj Hospital were male (F:M sex ratio = 10:1). Mean age of the males was 29.8 +/- 14.6 years, range 12 to 69. The three most common extrarenal manifestations were anemia, cutaneous, and musculoskeletal involvement (74.5, 51.1, and 43.9%, respectively). The major renal manifestations were edema (75.9%) with heavy proteinuria over 3.5 g/day in 62.2% and nephrotic/nephritic findings in 51.9% of cases. Hypertension was found in 35.2%. Mean serum creatinine was 2.0 +/- 1.4 mg/dl while 60.5% of cases had creatinine clearance below 50 ml/minute. Mean serum albumin was 2.6 +/- 0.8 g/dl, cholesterol 262.8 +/- 129.5 and triglycerides 343.2 +/- 244.6 mg/dl. Interestingly, hypercholesterolemia (> 250 mg/dl) was found only in 44.8% of cases with nephrotic syndrome. Antinuclear antibody was demonstrated in 91.5%, anti-dDNA antibody in 64.4% and LE cells in 40.4% of cases. Renal biopsy was done in 45 patients and 30 cases (66.7%) were classified as diffuse proliferative nephritis (WHO type IV), 15.6% of type II, 6.7% each of type III and V, with the rest of type V plus IV (4.4%). Tubulointerstitial inflammation was found in 77.3% of cases. During the follow-up period (42 +/- 35.8 months), 6 patients died. The cause of death were uremia in 3, infection in 2, and cardiac failure in 1. By life-table analysis, the probabilities of survival for 1 and 5 years were 89.5 and 80.6%, respectively. In comparison between sexes, except for a higher amount of urinary protein excretion (4.5 +/- 3.1 vs 3.5 +/- 3.0 g/day, p < 0.05), there were no statistically significant differences in clinical and pathological parameters, and probability of survival.
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PMID:Lupus nephritis in males: 8-year experience at Siriraj Hospital. 761 14

Recently we encountered a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV infection. The patient was 54-years old male. His chief complaints were anemia, emaciation and severe diarrhea. He was admitted to our hospital on September 18, 1992. He had been diagnosed in another clinic as having pulmonary tuberculosis before the admission to our hospital. His chest films taken on admission revealed homogeneous infiltrates with cavitation in right upper lobe. Serial chest X-rays consisted with the findings of post-primary tuberculosis. Sputum smear for acid fast bacilli was positive. From his clinical manifestations and life-history, we had a suspicion that he had infected with HIV. Laboratory findings were as follows: serum albumin level was 1.9 g/dl, CRP was 10.2 mg/dl, serological tests for HIV were positive by EIA, IFA and western blott method, total lymphocyte count was 819/microliters, CD4+ T lymphocyte count was 120/microliter CD4+/CD8+ ratio was 0.2. He was treated with AZT, isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampicin. The disease progressed rapidly and interstitial pneumonia, jaundice and clouding of consciousness appeared at the terminal stage. He expired on October 14, 1992. In this paper, the authors reported a case of pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV infection and also reviewed 5 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis associated with HIV in Japan.
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PMID:[A case of pulmonary tuberculosis with HIV infection--review of 5 cases in Japan]. 783 23

Using a nonhuman-primate model of radiation-induced bone marrow aplasia, we examined whether the single, concomitant, or sequential administration of recombinant human interleukin-3 (IL-3) and IL-6 would promote bone marrow regeneration measured by an increase in circulating platelets (PLT) and neutrophils (PMN). Rhesus monkeys were irradiated at 450 cGy and were randomly assigned to one of five treatment protocols, receiving IL-6; IL-3; combined IL-6 and IL-3; sequential IL-3 and IL-6; or human serum albumin (HSA) as a control. Cytokines or HSA were administered at total dosages of 15 micrograms/kg/day. Complete blood counts and white blood cell differentials were monitored for 60 days postirradiation. Both IL-3 and IL-6 significantly enhanced the regeneration of PLTs and decreased the duration of thrombocytopenia (P = .005) without affecting PMN recovery. The radiation-induced anemia that was observed in the HSA-treated controls was less severe and resolved more quickly in the IL-6 treated animals. Sequential IL-3/IL-6 significantly increased the production of PLTs when compared with the HSA-treated controls (P = .003) and monkeys receiving concomitant IL-3/IL-6 (P = .041) but did not alter PMN levels significantly (P = .80). Coadministration of IL-6 and IL-3 did not enhance PLT but improved PMN recovery over IL-6 alone. In this primate model of marrow aplasia, IL-6 significantly enhanced the regeneration of PLTs but had no significant effect on PMN production, and did not exacerbate radiation-induced anemia. Furthermore, the use of sequentially administered IL-3 and IL-6 may improve PLT recovery as compared with concurrent IL-3/IL-6 administration, although this protocol is not significantly different in effect than either cytokine alone.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant interleukin-6 (IL-6) alone and combined with recombinant human IL-3 in a nonhuman primate model of high-dose, sublethal radiation-induced marrow aplasia. 791 69

Severe iron deficiency was induced in rats by rearing nursing dams and their offspring on a diet comprising all the requisite nutrients and trace metals except iron. The iron deficient 5-week-old rats exhibited a severe anemia and a drastic decrease in iron content of the hepatic tissue and of the mitochondrial fraction. Cytochromes c + c1 and b were moderately but significantly reduced. A large increase in liver concentration was observed in iron-deficient animals; whereas there was no modification in total lipid, cholesterol, phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the mitochondrial membrane. Mitochondria from iron-deficient rats presented a partial uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation process. This functional derangement was completely reversed by the presence of either bovine serum albumin or L-carnitine plus ATP. This behaviour suggested that endogenous long-chain fatty acids could be primarily involved in the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction. The hepatic energy state of the liver appeared dramatically decreased under the pathological condition of severe iron-deficiency anemia. The possibility of a direct link between the partial loss of coupled functions observed in isolated mitochondria and the heavy energy deficit detected in the liver is discussed.
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PMID:Dietary iron deficiency in the rat. I. Abnormalities in energy metabolism of the hepatic tissue. 794 4

The therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was examined in a nonhuman primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia. Rhesus monkeys received 450 cGy of total-body, 1:1 mixed neutron:gamma radiation. For 23 days thereafter, each monkey received a daily subcutaneous injection of LIF or human serum albumin (HSA) at a dose of 15 micrograms/kg body weight. Complete blood counts and white blood cell differentials were monitored for 60 days postirradiation. Administration of LIF significantly decreased (P < or = .05) the duration of thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 30,000 or 20,000/microL), ie, 9.3 days or 6.3 days, respectively, versus the HSA-treated control monkeys, 12.2 days or 10.2 days, respectively. Treatment with LIF did not alter the duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count < 1,000/microL) as compared with the HSA-treated control monkeys. Cytokine administration did not exacerbate the radiation-induced anemia observed in the HSA-treated control monkeys.
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PMID:Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in a primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia. 794 22

Helminth and schistosome infections occur in the same geographical areas as does malnutrition. These parasitic infections can occur already in malnourished persons. Hookworm infections reduces food intake and/or increase nutrient wastage via vomiting, diarrhea, or blood loss. These effects exasperate protein energy malnutrition, anemia, and other nutrient deficiencies. Hookworm infection reduces the work capacity and productivity of children and adults; increases maternal and fetal morbidity, premature delivery, and low birth weight, as well as the susceptibility to other infections; and reduces the rate of cognitive development. These social and economic consequences in turn reduce the ability of people and families to raise crops or earn enough money to buy food and other essentials. As many as 90% of the children in some areas of the developed world are infected with roundworm. More than 100,000 deaths in 1987 resulted from complications of roundworm infection (e.g., intestinal obstruction). Roundworm infection reduces the body's ability to use protein and to absorb fat, which worsens protein energy malnutrition. Other nutrient effects of roundworm infection are exacerbation of vitamin A deficiency and lactose and milk intolerance. Whipworm infection can effect prolapse of the rectum and nutritional problems. Treatment of children with whipworm improves hematocrit, growth rates and anthropometry, and serum albumin, and reduces diarrhea and bacterial and protozoan infections in the bowel. Schistosomiasis causes nutritional effects similar to those of helminths. Studies in Kenya show that, in children, 1 treatment against worm, infections improves growth and fitness within 4 months. Other studies in Kenya show that treating children for worms or anemia improves weight gains per month at least as much as and usually more than school feeding programs, a more labor intensive, complicated, and expensive effort. Deworming programs should operate in areas where undernutrition exceeds 25% and worms are prevalent.
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PMID:Helminth parasites, a major factor in malnutrition. 801 83

A 17-year-old man was occupationally exposed to pyromellitic acid dianhydride dust during the production of epoxy resin in a chemical factory. He was clinically diagnosed as having acute hemorrhagic alveolitis associated with anemia. The serologic analysis revealed a high concentration of IgG antibodies against pyromellitic acid dianhydride-treated human serum albumin (PMDA-HSA). Immunoblotting with PMDA-treated human serum as antigen and the patient's serum as the first antibody showed that additional PMDA-modified serum proteins other than HSA were recognized by the patient's IgG antibodies in the higher mol. mass range (> 67 kDa). No specific IgG could be detected against other anhydride conjugates (maleic acid, MA; phthalic acid, PA) with the exception of a reaction with the trimellitic acid anhydride-conjugated HSA (TMA-HSA). No specific IgE antibodies could be detected against any of the above mentioned antigens, but immunoblotting of the patient's serum indicated IgG4-type autoantibodies against in vitro PMDA-treated Ig molecules of normal serum proteins.
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PMID:Acute autoimmune response in a case of pyromellitic acid dianhydride-induced hemorrhagic alveolitis. 809 30

The nutritional and health status of non-pregnant women of child bearing age from 20 villages of two districts in Maha Sarakham Province, approximately 500 km northeast of Bangkok, were investigated in April 1987. About 12 per cent of the studied women had a body mass index below 18.7 which is used as a cut-off point of being undernourished. Fat stores and muscle mass were smaller when compared to western females. Only two per cent of the women investigated had low serum albumin, indicating a severe deprivation in the nutritional status. A relatively high prevalence of anaemia was also found. Iron deficiency and haemoglobinopathy are common causes of anaemia. In addition, vitamin B2 depletion also contributes to the high rate of anaemia. Gastrointestinal parasitic infection rates were high with liver fluke, hookworm and echinostomiasis. Hookworm infection had no effect on the rate of anaemic, most probably the worm load in the women infected was rather low. It is recommended that the nutritional health of rural adolescents and young women should be enhanced by generally improving dietary habits and the quality of nutrient intake especially through protein, vitamins and micronutrient. Public health programmes focused on preventive activities should be aimed at this group in order to reduce the prevalent rate of undernutrition, anaemia and parasitic infection.
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PMID:Nutritional health and parasitic infection of rural Thai women of the child bearing age. 822 9

Nineteen patients treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were studied according to clinical outcome parameters: insomnia, asthenia, pruritus, arterial hypertension, anorexia, nausea and/or vomiting, anemia, and rate of hospitalization. Using clinical scores, three groups were defined: poor clinical outcome (P), intermediate (I), and good (G). The quantity of treatment by PD was evaluated monthly with urea kinetic tests (weekly Kt/V, weekly urea clearance/1.73 m2 of body surface area (BSA), index of dialysis by Teehan), and with the weekly creatinine clearance/1.73 m2 of BSA. The metabolic index was analyzed: normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR), serum albumin (Alb) and prealbumin, and reabsorption of glucose. There was good correlation between clinical scores and quantity of dialysis. The Alb was lower in group P. Group G was differentiated from group I and from group P by quantification tests and NPCR, with lower levels as follows: weekly Kt/V = 2.06, urea clearance 70 L/week/1.73 m2, index of dialysis = 0.87, and creatinine clearance = 60 L/week/1.73 m2. We conclude that the qualitative clinical approach is not sufficient to predict deleterious signs, and the quantitative approach is predictive of the good clinical outcome and good nutritional status. We think that levels proposed to now are insufficient, and we suggest the following: weekly urea clearance > 70 L, weekly Kt/V > 2, weekly creatinine clearance > 60 L, and index of dialysis > 0.85.
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PMID:Quantification of adequacy of peritoneal dialysis. 839 69


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