Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pulmonary capillary 'wedge' pressures (PCWP) were measured in 20 adult cases of chronic severe anemia (CSA) before and after transfusion of 700 ml of whole blood at a rate of 5 ml/min. The cases were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 cases each. Group II also received 40 mg of furosemide immediately before the start of transfusion. The majority of the cases had hemoglobin values less than 4 g% and serum albumin values less than 2.5 g%. Pretransfusion intracardiac pressures were normal in all the cases. Following blood transfusion (BT), appreciable rises (p less than 0.001) in hemoglobin and arterial and venous oxygen saturation were observed. PCWP increased significantly after BT in Group I (p less than 0.001). Although it decreased by 3.75% in Group II, this was not statistically significant (p greater than 0.05). This study implies that a blood transfusion of 700 ml, given at a speed of 5 ml/min in patients with CSA, results in sufficient hemodynamic stress to cause a significant rise in PCWP, and that this is completely prevented by simultaneous administration of 40 mg of furosemide.
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PMID:Furosemide supplemented blood transfusion in cases of chronic severe anemia. 372 95

Effect of bile duct ligation (BDL) and internal biliary drainage on food intake and nutritional status was studied in rats and compared with sham and pair-fed animals. During week 1, food intake of BDL animals was reduced (p less than 0.05), resulting in weight loss (p less than 0.05). In weeks 2 and 3, food intake, nitrogen balance, and weight gain were similar in all groups. Internal biliary drainage or sham operation after 3 wk produced transient changes in food intake and N2 balance. Serum albumin fell in all groups, returned to normal in sham (3.2 +/- 0.1 g/dl) and pair-fed (3.1 +/- 0.1 g/dl), but persisted in BDL rats (2.4 +/- 0.2 g/dl, p less than 0.001). Jaundice was associated with anemia. Although BDL produces transient changes in food intake, weight gain, and N2 balance, anorexia and malnutrition are not features of this animal model. Nutritional risk factors associated with hyperbilirubinemia are probably due to changes in intermediary metabolism.
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PMID:Changes in nutritional status associated with obstructive jaundice and biliary drainage in rats. 375 57

We studied lung injury induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by trimellitic anhydride (TMA) inhalation. Groups of 40 male and 20 female rats were exposed to TMA by inhalation at target concentrations of 0, 10, 30, 100, and 300 micrograms/m3, 6 hours per day, 5 days per week, for 2 weeks. Rats in each exposure group were sacrificed after 10 exposures or rested for 12 days and either sacrificed or received a 6-hour TMA challenge at their initial exposure levels and sacrificed at 24 hours. At each sacrifice, serum antibody to radiolabeled trimellityl rat serum albumin (RSA-TM) was measured by an ammonium sulfate technique, and lung pathology was determined. After 10 days of exposure, external hemorrhagic lung foci were directly related to the exposure concentration of TMA. Serum antibody binding of RSA-TM correlated with exposure concentration, hemorrhagic lung foci, and lung weight. There was healing of lung lesions 12 days after exposure with a return of lung lesions only 18 hours after the 6-hour inhalation challenge. A correlation between serum antibody to RSA-TM, hemorrhagic foci, and lung weight existed after challenge. This model clarifies two clinical entities observed in exposed workers, the late respiratory systemic and the pulmonary disease-anemia syndromes.
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PMID:A model of immunologic lung injury induced by trimellitic anhydride inhalation: antibody response. 380 48

Selenium deficiency has been implicated as contributing to the development of cardiovascular disease, skeletal muscle myopathy, anemia, increased cancer risk, and deranged immune function. Since these problems may also be associated with renal failure, and the kidney plays an important role in selenium homeostasis, we measured selenium and compared it with nutritional status in 24 stable hemodialysis patients, 12 chronic intermittent peritoneal dialysis patients, and 29 healthy controls. Whole blood and plasma selenium was determined by a spectrofluorometric method. For whole blood the mean (+/- SD) selenium levels were 0.11 +/- 0.02 micrograms/ml in controls vs. 0.071 +/- 0.01 micrograms/ml in hemodialysis cases and 0.052 +/- 0.006 micrograms/ml in peritoneal dialysis (p less than 0.005). Significant decreases were seen also for plasma and red blood cell selenium in all groups respectively. Pre- and postdialysis plasma and whole blood selenium levels showed no significant changes in both dialysis groups. However, predialysis residual peritoneal fluid did contain selenium (0.029 +/- 0.005 micrograms/ml). Some evidence of protein-energy undernutrition was noted in both dialysis groups compared with controls. However, no significant differences in nutritional parameters were noted between hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients. When all groups were combined, significant correlations were found between whole blood selenium and serum albumin (r = 0.61; p less than 0.001), triceps skin fold in females (r = 0.62; p less than 0.001), and midarm muscle circumference in males (r = 0.71; p less than 0.001). We conclude that low blood selenium is present in renal failure patients undergoing hemodialysis. This abnormality is even greater in peritoneal dialysis cases.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Diminished blood selenium levels in renal failure patients on dialysis: correlations with nutritional status. 381 49

To study the etiology of chronic childhood diarrhea among Nigerian children, 142 patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with diarrhea for at least 1 month, were evaluated; the study took place during January-December 1983 at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Enteropathogenic agents were identified in stools of 90 (63%) patients. Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were most commonly detected, representing 41% and 23%, respectively, of all parasitic pathogens. In children with negative stool microscopy, chronic diarrhea was associated with primary lactose intolerance (2 cases), abdominal tuberculosis (2 cases), hyponatremia, low serum albumin, anemia due to sickle cell disease, or Staphylococcus aureus infection. In contrast with chronic diarrhea etiologies reported among children in Europe and North America, infections were the major cause of chronic childhood diarrhea among these children. In general, it is accepted that intestinal infection usually produces acute diarrhea--and that, if the host fails to mount a competent immune response, if there is repeated exposure to infectious agents, or if severe infection damages a substantial proportion of absorptive cells, then severe, protracted diarrhea may result. The high case fatality rate of 9% in this series was associated with specific infectious complications of septicemia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and measles. Severe malnutrition also worsened the prognosis in chronic diarrhea. The results indicate that early detection and treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis is a useful approach in the treatment of chronic diarrhea cases among children.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in Nigerian children. 383 11

Suppression of antibody producing splenic lymphocytes by plasma from rats infected with Plasmodium chabaudi malaria was confirmed. Suppressive activity was found in plasma drawn on the sixth, seventh and eighth day of infection. It was temporally associated with anemia, elevated levels of soluble immune complex, reduced titers of lytic complement and elevated titers of immunoconglutinin (IK) in the plasma. Heat inactivation of the plasma to destroy complement and removal of IK by absorption did not reduce the suppressive activity. Incubating the plasma-treated lymphocytes with normal rat complement largely, but not completely, reversed the suppressive action. Soluble immune complexes prepared from bovine serum albumin (BSA) and antiBSA (BSA-antiBSA) alexinated complex (BSA-antiBSA-C') and immunoconglutinated complex (BSA-antiBSA-C'-IK) each suppressed the capacity of splenic lymphocytes from rats immunized with sheep blood cells to produce hemolytic Jerne plaques. Incubating the complex-treated cells with fresh complement largely reversed the suppressive activity. It is suggested that the suppressed responses of lymphocytes from malarious animals to antigens or mitogens, reported by others, may have been in part induced by complexes in blood of the animals, and that antibody producing cells might also have been suppressed. Since suppressive activity was not influenced by complement inactivation, but was reversed when plasma-treated cells were incubated with fresh complement, it is suggested that the hypocomplementemic state of suppressive plasma may have contributed to immunosuppression.
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PMID:Reversal of immunosuppression induced with plasma of malarious rats by supplemented complement. 398 48

Strictureplasty recently has been advocated in the treatment of obstructive strictures of the small bowel in patients with Crohn's disease. In contrast to conventional methods of treatment, such as conservative therapy with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) or surgical resection of the involved bowel, strictureplasty eliminates the obstruction without loss of small bowel. The possibility of creating a short-bowel syndrome is of special concern in patients with diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis. These patients usually present for surgery with chronic obstruction, anemia, weight loss, and malnutrition with folate and other vitamin deficiencies. The authors report the results of 12 strictureplasties for extensive Crohn's jejunoileitis in three patients presenting with chronic obstruction secondary to multiple small-bowel strictures. Both Heineke-Mikulicz and Finney strictureplasties were performed. In two patients, resection of an acutely inflamed phlegmonous segment was also performed. Symptoms (pain, abdominal distention, and nausea) were markedly improved postoperatively in all patients. Nutritional parameters, including serum albumin and total lymphocyte count, improved postoperatively. Dramatic rises in weight were noted also. All three patients were symptom-free six months postoperatively.
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PMID:Strictureplasty in diffuse Crohn's jejunoileitis. 401 13

Serum albumin gastric loss was estimated from the measurement of non-dialysable radioactivity of the gastric juice after intravenous injection of radioiodinated serum albumin (RISA). Immunochemical quantitation of serum albumin was performed in some of the samples. In the control group, the mean gastric clearance of albumin was 1.71 ml per hour with a range of 0.41 to 4.41 ml per hour. This represented a gastric loss of 1.9 gram of albumin per day and 11% of the daily degradation of albumin. There was no significant change in the gastric albumin loss after stimulating the gastric secretion. No significant difference in the gastric albumin leakage was found between normal subjects and patients with gastric or duodenal ulcer. IN PERNICIOUS ANAEMIA ALBUMIN LOSS INTO THE STOMACH WAS GREATER (MEAN: 3.72 ml per hour; SD 1.52 ml) than in the normal group and accounted for the greater albumin fractional catabolic rate. This fact had never been proved before. In both patients with giant rugae of the gastric mucosa the gastric clearance of serum albumin was also increased. It is concluded first that albumin is not secreted by the chief and parietal cells of the mucosa and probably passes through the gastric wall between the cells of the mucosa, perhaps during the exfoliation of the surface epithelial cells, and secondly that the stomach is one of the sites of serum albumin breakdown, a fact that supports the view that the gastrointestinal tract plays a major role in the catabolism of serum albumin.
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PMID:Gastric clearance of serum albumin in normal man and in certain gastroduodenal disorders. 421 Jan 83

104 patients with positive stool for hookworm ova were studied in detail with regard to anemia, iron and protein deficiency, and their relation to hookworm ova load. A variable degree of anemia was seen in 80 of 104 patients. Hypochromia was noticed in 66 (64%). In 48 (46%), morphological changes due to vitamin B12 and/or folic acid deficiency were recorded. Iron deficiency was most common in anemic patients. Less than 15% saturation of transferrin was the most sensitive biochemical index of iron deficiency in these patients. Severity of anemia was significantly associated with iron deficiency. Hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin less than 3.25 g%) was found in 33 (32.6%) of the patients. Anemia and hypoalbuminemia were both significantly associated with the hookworm load. However, the association of hookworm load was seen with severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 5 g%) and hypoalbuminemia (serum albumin less than 2.75 g%). It has been suggested that besides parasitic factors, nutritional deficiencies of vitamin B12 and/or folic acid and protein are contributory factors in the pathogenesis of anemia and hypoalbuminemia respectively found in these patients.
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PMID:A study of iron and protein deficiency in hookworm infestation. 550 9

Nineteen patients with nephrotic syndrome, 13 with histological diagnosis, were studied throughout 31 pregnancies. Eight were diagnosed for the first time during pregnancy.Antenatal problems due to severe oedema, urinary tract infection, and refractory orthochromic anaemia were encountered. Eight patients were hypertensive at booking, and in two of these pregnancy was terminated; three others had a significant increase in blood pressure. In 12 of the remaining pregnancies a rise in blood pressure of 20 mm. Hg or more occurred towards term.There were 29 live births (including one set of twins), one stillbirth due to a cord accident, and one neonatal death. The infant birth weight, apart from being affected by hypertension, was related to the maternal serum albumin level.The patients have been under observation for up to 20 years. Fifteen have not shown any deterioration of renal function during the prolonged period of observation. One developed oliguric renal failure immediately post partum and three others died, two, four, and 12 years after their pregnancies.
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PMID:Pregnancy and the nephrotic syndrome. 576 44


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