Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The activities of orotate phosphoribosyl transferase (OPRT) and orotidine monophosphate decarboxylase (ODC) were significantly elevated (P less than 0.001) in erythrocytes (RBC) from five patients with prednisone-responsive congenital hypoplastic anaemia (CHA). (OPRT: patients - 10.1--64.2 nmol/h/10(9) RBC; controls - 2.8 +/- 0.3 (mean +/- SEM, n = 37); ODC: patients = 30--124 nmol/h/10(9) RBC; controls = 10.2 +/- 0.7 (mean SEM, n = 37).) Two patients had a less pronounced, but significant, increase of aspartate transcarbamylase activity and three patients had marginal increases of dihydroorotase activity. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase activity was not detected in any CHA patient or control. In one patient prior to prednisone therapy, the OPRT and ODT activities were elevated 10-fold and remained elevated 3-fold after 16 months of therapy. An elevated enzyme pattern similar to that of RBC from CHA patients was observed in three parents of three CHA patients, but not in three parents of two other CHA patients. The activities of all five pyrimidine enzymes were normal for one patient with transient erythroblastopenia of childhood. In contrast, the activities of all the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzymes were elevated in blood from patients with a young RBC population: sickle cell anaemia, sickle-beta-thalassaemia, hereditary spherocytosis, and DiGuglielmo syndrome and from the newborn. It is postulated that factors which affect the activities of pyrimidine enzymes in CHA may also result in diminished erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Elevation of pyrimidine enzyme activities in the RBC of patients with congenital hypoplastic anaemia and their parents. 3 27

Folate deficiency is a frequent cause of anemia in alcoholics, but little attention has been paid to its prevention. Folic acid was readily soluble in wines of high ethanol content at concentrations of 10 microgram/ml. Lactobacillus casei folate activity of folic acid added to wines was well maintained during a month's storage at room temperature and fell to 61% to 66% of original activity after 3 months. Pteroylglutamic acid, 10 microgram/ml, added to wines and given in doses of the beverages (4 ml/kg body weight that caused inebriation, was well absorbed by six normal human volunteers (mean maximal increment in serum folate concentration +/- SEM, 71 +/- 8 ng/ml) and by seven recently intoxicated chronic alcoholics (mean increment, 94 +/- 4 ng/ml). Folate deficiency in alcoholics could be prevented by the fortification of alcoholic beverages with the vitamin.
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PMID:The bioavailability of folic acid added to wine. 33 40

Using serial metabolic balances, iron absorption was measured in six preterm infants (mean gestational age 29 weeks), and two fullterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants, between day 10 and 70 after birth. They were all fed breast milk. Iron supplements (2.5--13 mg/kg day) were given from day 30. Three preterm infants received blood transfusions for anemia. During the first 30 days of life iron balance was negative in the preterm infants (mean +/- SEM = -0.10 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day) and positive in the full term SGA infants (mean +/- SEM = 0.098 +/- 0.02 mg/kg day). In infants who were not tranfused, absorption of supplementary iron was a linear function of iron intake, and corresponded closely to 34% absorption. An iron intake of 5--6 mg/kg day resulted in the absorption of amounts of iron close to those being laid down in utero. Blood transfusion was followed by a reduction in iron absorption; in two cases it became negative, becoming positive again as the hemoglobin fell below about 12.0 g/100 ml. These data show that a mechanism exists in preterm infants for the control of iron absorption which does not operate at the hemoglobin concentrations that prevail in such infants, unless they are transfused.
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PMID:The effect of iron supplements and blood transfusion on iron absorption by low birthweight infants fed pasteurized human breast milk. 71 36

Although erythropoietin (Epo) is known to correct anaemia in dialysis and pre-dialysis patients, there is limited experience with its use in immunosuppressed patients suffering from chronic renal graft dysfunction. We report the results of a pilot study of Epo in seven patients with failing grafts and normocytic normochromic anaemia attributable to renal failure. All entering patients had controlled blood pressure and serum ferritin greater than 100 micrograms/l. Three patients were taking triple immunotherapy (prednisone/azathioprine/cyclosporin), two patients prednisone/azathioprine, and two patients CsA monotherapy. Study duration mean was 15 +/- 2 (SEM) weeks, and Epo was started at 4000 units subcutaneously (s.c.) once weekly, adjusted to achieve a target haemoglobin (Hb) of 100 g/l. Mean Hb at initiation was 68 +/- 5 g/l and significantly increased to 96 +/- 6 at end of follow-up, P less than 10(-4). All patients responded. Maintenance Epo dosage was 120 +/- 32 U/kg bodyweight/week, roughly 4000 units/week. There was no significant change in serum creatinine: pre-study 392 +/- 45 mumol/l; post-study 430 +/- 62 mumol/l. There were no complications but blood pressure did rise significantly: pre- 124 +/- 11/74 +/- 4 mmHg to post- 142 +/- 10/86 +/- 3, P less than 0.05 for systolic and diastolic. Low-dose s.c. Epo effectively corrects anaemia in graft failure despite azathioprine and/or CsA therapy, without obvious acceleration of graft failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Low-dose subcutaneous erythropoietin corrects the anaemia of renal transplant failure. 131 75

Anaemia is a feature almost invariably complicating chronic renal failure. Its pathophysiology is multifactorial but the most important cause is erythropoietin (Epo) deficiency. However, either no relation or even a weakly positive relation generally exists between serum immunoreactive (i) Epo and haematocrit values in uraemic anaemia, whereas in anaemias of non-renal origin the correlation is most often strongly negative. Recent evidence indicates that growth hormone also stimulates erythropoiesis. Moreover, late erythroid progenitor cells (CFU-E) require insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) for development in vitro. IGF-I has been shown to have a synergistic action with Epo. We have measured serum iEpo and IGF-I levels in 17 haemodialysis patients with severe hyperparathyroidism (mean +/- SEM serum iPTH, 988 +/- 88 pg/ml). Mean age and duration of dialysis treatment were 46.1 +/- 3.4 and 8.8 +/- 1.0 years respectively. Mean haematocrit and haemoglobin values wer 28.1 +/- 1.7% and 9.39 +/- 0.54 g/dl respectively. Mean serum iEpo and IGF-I levels were 20.3 +/- 4.7 mU/ml and 320 +/- 20 ng/ml respectively (normal values for serum iEpo and IGF-I, 17.9 +/- 6 mU/ml and 91 +/- 23 ng/ml respectively). We found that serum IGF-I concentrations were well correlated with haematocrit values (r = 0.68, n = 15, P less than 0.004) whereas serum iEpo values were not (r = 0.41, n = 12, P = 0.18). IGF-I could therefore be an important factor regulating erythropoiesis in uraemic patients, at least when associated with severe hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Insulin-like growth factor I: a modulator of erythropoiesis in uraemic patients? 131 79

Of 65 patients presenting with pulmonary eosinophilia to one Respiratory Unit during a 20-year period, 12 (18%) had systemic features associated with their pulmonary disease. Eleven had fever, three night sweats, three arthralgia, three vasculitic rashes and two weight loss. Anaemia, myalgia, peripheral neuropathy, mononeuritis, pericardial effusion and photosensitivity rash were each recorded in single patients. None had evidence of hypersensitivity to drugs, helminthes or other allergens. Ten of the 12 patients could be classified as cryptogenic pulmonary eosinophilia and two as Churg Strauss syndrome. Ten were female. The maximum recorded eosinophil counts were higher in the 12 patients with systemic features compared with the remaining 53 patients [mean (SD) 5613 (3883) vs. 2359 (3046) x 10(6) 1(-1), P < 0.02], whereas both asthma and recurrent episodes of eosinophilia were significantly less common. Steroid therapy achieved a good clinical response and radiological clearing in the majority of patients. All 12 patients were treated with prolonged duration oral prednisolone [mean (SEM) dose 8.5 (3.8) mg day-1 duration 5.5 (1.3) years]. The two patients with Churg Strauss syndrome required azathioprine in addition to long-term prednisolone. There were no deaths and currently four patients are off all steroids and six receive less than 5 mg day-1. During a median follow-up period of 11 years, there was no significant decline in FEV1 or VC, measured as percent predicted values. Persistent radiographic abnormalities consistent with fibrosis or bronchiectasis were not seen.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pulmonary eosinophilia with systemic features: therapy and prognosis. 147 Jul 5

This study attempts to evaluate the adequacy of the erythropoietin (EPO) response in 42 anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection [30 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and 12 with AIDS-related conditions] by comparing their serum EPO levels with those found in a non-HIV reference population consisting of 36 patients with anaemia of chronic disorders (ACD) and 57 with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). Although the average Hb concentration was similar in the three groups, the EPO level for HIV patients (mean +/- SEM, 64.3 +/- 7.7 mU/ml) did not differ significantly from that in ACD patients (45.3 +/- 8.3 mU/ml, P > 0.1), and both groups had a lower mean EPO level (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively) than IDA subjects (133.5 +/- 18.7 mU/ml). Thirteen HIV patients on zidovudine therapy showed similar mean Hb and EPO levels to those in the untreated patients. A significant inverse correlation between the log of serum EPO and the Hb values was observed in the three groups. However, this relationship was found to be stronger in IDA patients than in either HIV or ACD subjects (P < 0.001), with no difference between the two latter groups (P > 0.2). These data suggest that the EPO response is blunted in the anaemia associated with advanced HIV infection.
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PMID:Serum erythropoietin levels in anaemic patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. 148 42

Eleven anemic children and adolescents with a median age of 14 years (range six months-20 years) on chronic hemodialysis were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) intravenously three times a week for an average of 9.2 months. After eight weeks of therapy, hematocrit rose from 20.3 +/- 1.4% to 31.7 +/- 0.7% (0.20 +/- 0.01 to 0.31 +/- 0.007, p less than 0.001, mean +/- SEM). After reaching the target hematocrit of 30% to 33% (0.30 to 0.33), doses were adjusted individually. Blood transfusions were eliminated in all but one patient. All patients experienced an increase in appetite and energy level. Serum ferritin concentrations decreased in all patients who reached target hematocrit and seven required iron supplementation. Hypertension worsened in two patients and developed in two others. One patient's vascular access clotted. Dialysis efficiency and heparin requirements during dialysis did not change significantly. We conclude that rHuEPO is safe, effective, and should be recommended as treatment for anemia in children and adolescents on hemodialysis, but close monitoring for the development of hypertension and/or iron deficiency is necessary.
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PMID:Therapy of renal anemia in children and adolescents with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO). 154 82

The use of recombinant human erythropoietin (rhuEPO) has revolutionized the treatment of renal anemia, but the dose regimens have not been established. We studied the effects of subcutaneous rhuEPO given 4,000U (1 vial) every 5-10 days in 9 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Ten stable CAPD patients (6 females and 4 males; mean age +/- SEM, 54.4 +/- 5.6 years; mean baseline hemoglobin concentration 7.3 +/- 1.2g/dL) were commenced on s.c. rhuEPO. None of the patients had a history of gastrointestinal bleeding, aluminum overload, sepsis nor receiving androgens. Seven patients were receiving 4,000 U rhuEPO weekly, one patient each was receiving 4,000 U every 5 and 10 days (range, 66.7-89.3 U/kg/week). The dose was adjusted every 4 weeks according to response by altering the dose interval. The mean hemoglobin concentration increased from 7.3 +/- 1.2 g/dL to 10.3 +/- 1.1 g/dL over 8 weeks. There was no significant changes in the serum ferritin, urea, creatinine and potassium levels. One patient required an increase in antihypertensive therapy. We feel that s.c. rhuEPO 4,000 U given on an intermittent basis is effective in the treatment of anemia in CAPD patients. The administration of a single vial each time is convenient and cost sparing. The gradual rise in hematocrit avoids complications.
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PMID:Subcutaneous recombinant human erythropoietin in patients on CAPD. 168 Apr 47

To study the relationship between anemia and breathing abnormalities in preterm infants, we measured oxygen supply and demand in two groups of anemic infants less than or equal to 32 weeks of gestational age. Six-second apnea density was less than 1% in one group and greater than or equal to 5% in the other. There were no differences in hemoglobin concentration, available oxygen, oxygen consumption, or Doppler-determined cardiac output between the two groups of infants. Furthermore, in anemic preterm infants with apnea density greater than or equal to 5%, reductions in 6-second apnea density were similar after erythrocyte transfusion (mean +/- SEM: from 8.6% +/- 1.1% to 4.7% +/- 0.7%) or after an isovolemic infusion of 5% albumin (from 9.0% +/- 1.4% to 4.7% +/- 0.7%). These results show no relationship between measures of oxygen delivery and respiratory irregularities, and indicate that volume expansion may play a role in ameliorating the pneumocardiogram abnormalities.
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PMID:Relationship between determinants of oxygen delivery and respiratory abnormalities in preterm infants with anemia. 173 32


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