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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Congenital malaria, an uncommon disease in the United States, may result in serious morbidity when not promptly diagnosed. All cases of congenital malaria known to have been seen in the United States since 1950 are reviewed and the most recent case is presented to illustrate the salient features of this disease. Congenital malaria may remain undiagnosed for a prolonged period unless considered in the differential diagnosis of fever, anemia, and splenomegaly in an infant less than 4 months of age whose mother's travel history is unknown. This circumstance often results in the performance of unnecessary procedures, ineffective treatments, and potentially significant morbidity and expense.
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PMID:Congenital malaria in the United States: report of a case and review. 157 89

Congenital malaria is an uncommon disease even in endemic areas. A 19-day-old female infant with congenital malaria is presented. The mother of the patient was diagnosed to have malaria at the seventh month of gestation and was treated with chloroquine orally for three days. No malarial prophylaxis was given. The infant developed fever, hyperbilirubinemia, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly postnatally. Thin blood smears revealed many Plasmodium vivax parasites. She was treated with oral chloroquine for three days. We emphasize the importance of adequate antenatal medical therapy and prophylaxis during pregnancy.
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PMID:Congenital malaria: a case report. 1077 Jun 83

Congenital malaria is defined as the presence of Plasmodium parasites in the erythrocytes of newborns less than seven days old. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of congenital malaria and its possible clinical consequences. We carried out a prospective survey in Niamey, the capital of Niger (600,000 inhabitants) from July to September 1993. Niamey is in an area of mesoendemic malaria and this period of the year corresponds to the rainy season, when malaria transmission is maximal. Ninety mothers and their newborns were included. We assessed the clinical status of the mother and child at the time of the delivery, and took blood smears to check for parasitemia and blood samples to check for antimalaria antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF). The placenta was not examined. Clinical signs of malaria (fever, splenomegaly, anemia and jaundice) were absent in all mothers and children and 88 of the 90 children had normal birth weights. Plasmodium falciparum was the only parasite detected, with 49 of the 90 mothers and 12 of the 90 newborns having positive blood smears. Serological tests detected the presence of antimalaria antibodies in 73 of the 90 mothers (81.1%) and 68 of the 90 newborns (75.5%). Thus, we found no cases of congenital malaria with clinical signs in this study, despite the high frequency of parasites and antimalaria antibodies. The reasons for this absence of cases of congenital malaria with symptoms are discussed.
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PMID:[Congenital malaria. Parasitological and serological studies in Niamey (Niger)]. 1102 49

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, which compared the effects of three interventions (weekly chloroquine prophylaxis, daily iron and weekly folic-acid supplementation, and case management of malaria) on congenital malaria, maternal haemoglobin (Hb) and foetal outcome, was conducted among primigravidae resident in Hoima district, Uganda. Among 473 babies examined at birth or within 7 days of birth, 198 (42%) were parasitaemic, the level of parasitaemia in an infant being strongly correlated with those of placental (P< 0.01) and maternal, peripheral parasitaemia (P < 0.01). However, 33 (17%) of the parasitaemic babies were born to mothers who had placental but not peripheral parasitaemia, 22 (11%) to mothers who had peripheral but not placental parasitaemia, and 12 (6%) to mothers with neither peripheral nor placental parasitaemia. Overall, 163 babies were each examined for malarial parasites at birth and 1 month later. Of the 76 (47%) found to have parasitaemia at birth, 37 (23%) appeared aparasitaemic at the 1-month follow-up but 28 (17%) were still parasitaemic at that time. Among the babies born to the mothers who only received case management of malaria during pregnancy, parasitaemia at birth was associated with infant anaemia at birth (i.e. < 140 g Hb/litre; P = 0.03). Infants found to be parasitaemic at the 1-month follow-up had lower mean concentrations of Hb at that time than their aparasitaemic counterparts (P= 0.03). Parasitaemia at birth was not significantly associated with low birthweight, in any of three intervention groups. The intervention given to the mother had no significant effect on the parasitaemia of her baby, either at birth or at the age of 1 month. Congenital malaria per se may have little influence on birthweight but may have an impact on infant anaemia. In conclusion, congenital parasitaemia was not associated with birthweight, but was related to anaemia at birth in infants born to women who had only received active case management during their pregnancies.
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PMID:Chloroquine prophylaxis, iron/folic-acid supplementation or case management of malaria attacks in primigravidae in western Uganda: effects on congenital malaria and infant haemoglobin concentrations. 1121 94

Congenital malaria is uncommon in France. The purpose of this report is to describe a case involving a six-week-old infant who was hospitalized with fever, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia and thrombopenia. Thick and thin blood smears were positive for Plasmodium malariae. The infant responded favorably to chloroquine. Based on this experience, we performed a search of the literature to find case reports on congenital malaria in France and compare clinical and epidemiologic data with series reported in the United States and from endemic areas. The placenta appears to provide an effective barrier against Plasmodium since infection is much more common than disease. The delay for onset of clinical symptoms is longer in temperate zones than in endemic areas. The type of parasite could account for this difference since African congenital malaria are due to Plasmodium falciparum while most cases described in the United States are due to Plasmodium vivax. We also discuss the possible implications of coinfection by HIV in the mother.
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PMID:[Congenital malaria as a result of Plasmodium malariae in an infant born to a HIV-seropositive woman]. 1646 19

Malaria during first few months of life may be due to transplacental transfer of parasitized maternal erythrocytes. The most common clinical features of congenital malaria are fever, anaemia and splenomegaly. Other signs and symptoms include hepatosplenomegaly, jaundice, regurgitation, loose stools, and poor feeding. A 28 year old woman (G2P1A), with 36 weeks gestation, reported to a health facility in Sunyani on 22(nd) February 2009 with history of labour pains, without fever. According to the mother, even though she did not sleep in insecticide treated bed net during her pregnancy, she took all the recommended drugs of sulfadoxine/ pyrimethamine-intermittent preventive treatment for malaria. She delivered twins on the same day. The mother and the twins developed fever on the same day. A laboratory investigation on the three of them was positive for malaria parasites. The three were successfully treated with quinine. Congenital malaria is real and it is therefore recommended that babies born to mothers with malaria should be screened for congenital malaria.
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PMID:Congenital malaria in newborn twins. 2132 8

Objectives. Review of burden of congenital transmission of malaria, challenges of preventive measures, and implications for health system strengthening in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. Literature from Pubmed (MEDLINE), Biomed central, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database were reviewed. Results. The prevalence of congenital malaria in sub-Saharan Africa ranges from 0 to 23%. Diagnosis and existing preventive measures are constantly hindered by weak health systems and sociocultural issues. WHO strategic framework for prevention: intermittent preventive therapy (IPT), insecticide-treated nets (ITNs), and case management of malaria illness and anaemia remain highly promising; though, specific interventions are required to strengthen the health systems in order to improve the effectiveness of these measures. Conclusion. Congenital malaria remains a public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa. Overcoming the challenges of the preventive measures hinges on the ability of national governments and development partners in responding to the weak health systems.
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PMID:Prevention of congenital transmission of malaria in sub-saharan african countries: challenges and implications for health system strengthening. 2196 Oct 19

Congenital malaria (CM) is a rare disease with only about 300 cases reported so far. In general, it presents with fever along with other common features such as jaundice, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly. We report a case of CM who presented atypically without fever along with other typical features.
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PMID:Congenital malaria with atypical presentation in a preterm neonate. 2425 Dec 59

Congenital malaria is assumed to be a risk factor for infant morbidity and mortality in endemic areas like Maumere, Indonesia. Infected infants are susceptible to its impact such as premature labor, low birth weight, anemia, and other unspecified symptoms. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of congenital malaria and the influence of mother-infant paired parasite densities on the clinical outcome of the newborns at TC Hillers Hospital, Maumere. An analytical cross sectional study was carried out in newborns which showed criteria associated with congenital malaria. A thick and thin blood smear confirmed by nested PCR was performed in both mothers and infants. The association of congenital malaria with the newborn's health status was then assessed. From 112 mother-infant pairs included in this study, 92 were evaluated further. Thirty-nine infants (42.4%) were found to be infected and half of them were asymptomatic. Infected newborns had a 4.7 times higher risk in developing anemia compared to uninfected newborns (95% CI, 1.3-17.1). The hemoglobin level, erythrocyte amount, and hematocrit level were affected by the infants' parasite densities (P<0.05). Focusing on newborns at risk of congenital malaria, the prevalence is almost 3 times higher than in an unselected collective. Low birth weight, anemia, and pre-term birth were the most common features. Anemia seems to be significantly influenced by infant parasite densities but not by maternal parasitemia.
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PMID:Congenital malaria in newborns selected for low birth-weight, anemia, and other possible symptoms in Maumere, Indonesia. 2554 15

Congenital malaria is the presence of malarial parasites in the blood of newborns. The disease is acquired from mother either during pregnancy or perinatally at the time of birth. Congenital malaria in an endemic area can present without an obvious history of fever and parasitaemia in both mother and her infant. A case of Plasmodium vivax malaria in a 6-week infant is documented. Infant presented with pallor, jaundice and massive spleen. Laboratory tests revealed anaemia, thrombocytopenia and bilirubinemia. Peripheral smear examination revealed parasitaemia. Points favoring transplacental transmission are first born child, the presence of relatively high parasite count, gametocytemia and massive spleen. Peripheral smear examination should be done in all hospitalized patients. Prevention of malaria should be considered in all pregnant patients.
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PMID:Congenital Malaria: A Rare Entity. 2657 75


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