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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy is a recently described lymphoproliferative disorder, presumably of B-cell origin. It is characterized by regional or generalized lymphadenopathy, usually associated with hypergammaglobulinemia or dysproteinemia. Other findings may be hepatosplenomegaly, dermatitis, fever, malaise, weight loss, and various altered immunologic reactions. Histologically, the involved lymph nodes show immunoblast, plasmacytoid, and plasma cell proliferation. This may be extranodal as well. The case reported here is one of the few followed up prospectively. The patient's purpuric eruption was an apparent manifestation of a type II mixed cryoglobulinemia. Differing from what has usually been reported, we noted hypogammaglobulinemia and findings in part of altered cell-mediated immunity. Despite leukopenia and anemia there were no infectious episodes. Although a satisfactory treatment regimen has not been established, there was beneficial response to prednisone and short courses of melphalan.
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PMID:Immunoblastic lymphadenopathy with purpura and cryoglobulinemia. 30 Oct 9

It has been shown that CLL is characterized by a piling up of highly differentiated lymphocytic cells. These cells have the structural and metabolic characteristics of a neoplastic cell line of B lymphocytes (except in cases of "T-cell CLL"). However, they lack the immunoglobulin-secreting ability of normal B cells, and are immunologically incompetent and inert. Next to this population, there is a normal but reduced population of B cells and a periodically slightly increased T-cell population. The accumulation of pathological cells is based on a 10-fold increase in proliferation of cells that have a 5-fold increase in their life span. In addition, there is a disturbance of exchange of cells between the intra- and extravascular pools. These characteristics clarify the development of the clinical picture: through packing of the bone marrow with pathological cells on the one hand, and the spleen on the other, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and finally granulocytopenia develop. The gradual displacement of normal B cells often leads to extreme hypogammaglobulinemia as the main component of a multifactorial syndrome of immune deficiency.
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PMID:Factors in the pathomechanism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 32 53

In 54 patients with thymoma, the factors having the greatest bearing on prognosis were presence or absence of gross tumor invasion or an associated clinical syndrome of myasthenia gravis, anemia due to erythrocytic hypoplasia or hypogammaglobulinemia. Of 17 patients with invasive tumors, 14 were either dead of tumor or living with disease, while 34 of 37 patients with encapsulated tumors were either living or dead of other causes without evidence of neoplasm. A clinical syndrome associated with thymoma was present in 15 patients. Thymectomy appeared to have little if any effect on the syndrome; in three instances the syndrome appeared after removal of the thymoma. Analysis of the histological findings, including type of epithelium, degree of lymphocytic infiltration and presence of other patterns such as rosettes, perivascular spaces and germinal centers, showed that there was no consistent relationship between the microscopic appearance of thymomas and their clinical behavior. Knowledge of the striking variations in histopathologic features is necessary in differential diagnosis.
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PMID:Thymoma. A clinicopathologic study of 54 cases. 53 53

149 patients with non Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) were observed at the III. Medical Department of the Hanusch Hospital during 1972--1978. 15 out of 106 patients with low malignant NHL had autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AHA). None of the patients with high malignant NHL showed evidence of hemolysis. In 10 cases AHA was diagnosed together with the lymphoproliferative disease. In 4 cases diagnosis of AHA and NHL was established at the same time and in only 1 patient diagnosis of AHA preceded the lymphatic disease. All patients had distinct signs of hemolysis with moderate to severe anemia. 4 patients with immunocytic lymphomas had IgM paraproteins and an elevation of gamma-globulins, all other patients had mild to severe hypogammaglobulinemia. Therapy in all cases consisted of corticosteroids and cytostatics (Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide). In none of our cases splenectomy was performed. AHA seems to be a bad prognostic factor in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Survival time in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia and AHA was 18 months shorter than in all other patients suffering from chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
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PMID:[Accompanying hemolysis in lymphoproliferative diseases]. 55 12

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the commonest type of leukemia seen in Western countries. It affects an older group of individuals than most other varieties of leukemia, and men more often than women, in a ratio of 2:1. The incidence of CLL is significantly increased in some families. In most instances, CLL is due to the overgrowth or accumulation of immunoglobulin producing B lymphocytes. Hypogammaglobulinemia is a common feature, and anomalous immunoglobulin components occur in 3 to 5% of patients. The early symptoms and signs of CLL include fatigue, reduced exercise tolerance, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Fever, weight loss, and impairment of bone marrow function, with anemia, bleeding and susceptibility to infection are characteristic of severe or advanced disease. In the great majority of patients, the disease can be controlled for 6 to 10 or more years with simple regimens using chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide, often in combination with prednisone. Radiotherapy and splenectomy are useful in some instances. The terminal phase of the disease is characterized by exacerbation or increasing severity of the leukemia and the development of opportunistic infections associated with immunodeficiency.
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PMID:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia. 68 76

A review of 869 cases of multiple myeloma seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1960 through 1971 revealed that 98% of patients were 40 years of age or older and that 61% of them were males. Inital findings were bone pain in 68% of patients, anemia in 62%, renal insufficiency in 55%, hypercalcemia in 30%, a palpable liver in 21%, and a palpable spleen in 5%. Proteinuria was noted in 88% and Bence Jones proteinuria was identified in 49%. Skeletal roentgenographic abnormalities were seen in 79%. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a spike in 76%, hypogammaglobulinemia in 9%, and minor or no abnormalities in 15%, and a globulin spike was seen 75% of the urinary electrophoretic patterns. Immunoelectrophoresis of the serum revealed a monoclonal heavy chain in 83% and a monoclonal light chain in the serum, in 8% (Bence Jones proteinemia). Three patients had no monoclonal protein in the serum or the urine ("nonsecretory"). Amyloidosis was found in 7% of the patients. Follow-up information was obtained in 99.7% ; 82% of the 869 patients have died. Infection and renal insufficiency were the most common specific causes of death. The median survival was 20 months; 66% of the patients were alive at 1 year and 18% at 5 years.
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PMID:Multiple myeloma: review of 869 cases. 1252 72

A case of thymoma associated with pure red cell aplasia and hypogammaglobulinaemia is described in which the anaemia was of abrupt onset, following removal of the tumour. Tests of immunological function showed abnormalities of both humoral and cellular immunity. The patient was found to have a serum inhibitor of antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation which disappeared after immunosuppressive therapy at the same time that erythroblasts reappeared in the marrow. It is suggested that the triad of thymoma, pure red cell aplasia and immunoglobulin deficiency are manifestations of 'pluripotent' stem cell failure; in this case the inhibitor of lymphocyte transformation may have been related to the factor which also inhibited red cell maturation.
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PMID:Thymoma associated with pure red cell aplasia, immunoglobulin deficiency and an inhibitor of antigen-induced lymphocyte transformation. 119 59

A docile substrain of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) causes a persistent infection in adult C3HeB mice and induces a severe autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) which is maximal around three weeks post infection (PI). Evaluations of serum immunoglobulin levels of these mice demonstrated grossly elevated IgG2a levels along with increased IgG1 and IgG2b levels, suggesting that these animals also develop polyclonal B cell activation (PBA). Interestingly, LCMV-infected B10.BR mice did not demonstrate a marked hypogammaglobulinemia nor did they experience a severe hemolytic anemia. Although evaluations of the hematocrits indicated that these animals endure a mild anemia 21 days PI, a below normal reticulocyte count until day 18 PI suggests that there was a prolonged suppression in hematopoiesis. It is clear from RBC survival studies that there is not an accelerated rate of RBC elimination, as seen in infected C3H mice, demonstrating that the anemia in B10.BR mice is not due to a hemolytic process. These results imply a correlation between the development of PBA and AIHA, suggesting a cause and effect relationship.
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PMID:Evidence for polyclonal B cell activation as the mechanism for LCMV-induced autoimmune hemolytic anemia. 154 40

A review was carried out of 187 previously untreated cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia diagnosed between 1969 and 1988. The median age of the patients was 65 years (range, 36-87). There were 118 males (M/F ratio, 1.7). In accordance with Rai's staging system the patients were distributed as follows: 0.29%; I, 20%; II, 25%; III, 13%; IV, 13%, and according to Binet's staging the distribution was: A, 55%; B, 21%; C, 24%. The most frequently found physical findings were lymph node enlargement (55%), splenomegaly (32%) and hepatomegaly (28%). Anaemia was present in 20% of the cases and thrombocytopenia in 13%. The mean lymphocyte count was 62 x 10(9)/L (range, 6-475 x 10(9)/L). Bone marrow infiltration of over 80% was seen in 46% of the patients. Bone marrow biopsy was performed on 97 patients, the diffuse pattern of involvement being most commonly found (44%). Increased BUN (55%), alkaline phosphatase (42%) and LDH (38%) were the most frequent biochemical alterations. Hypogammaglobulinaemia was present in 55% of the patients, IgM being the most commonly affected immunoglobulin (66%). Monoclonal gammopathy was seen in 4% of the cases. LDT, measured in 75 patients, was less than a year in 32%. No antileukaemic drugs were needed in 34% of the patients. When concluding this study, 100 patients had died. The median survival was 57 months and death was related to chronic lymphocytic leukaemia in 53% of such patients.
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PMID:[Chronic lymphatic leukemia. I. Clinico-biological features and survival analysis. Study of 187 patients]. 177 6

In the evaluation of patients older than 50 with severe back pain and chronic simple anemia, the diagnosis of multiple myeloma must be considered. Due to the age group affected, degenerative changes on spinal films may be misdiagnosed as osteoporosis, and anemia may be attributed to iron deficiency. These errors can be avoided in more than 99% of the cases of multiple myeloma by ordering a serum protein electrophoresis (SPE). Abnormal SPE patterns include monoclonal gammopathy and hypogammaglobulinemia. In the detection of multiple myeloma, magnetic resonance imaging has been found superior to plain radiograph, computed tomography and bone scan.
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PMID:Back pain: the primrose path--a case report. 213 82


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