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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Human parvovirus B19 infections may cause a widespread benign and self-limiting disease in children and adults, known as erythema infectiosum or fifth disease. A variety of further manifestations are associated with the infection such as arthralgias, arthritis, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, anemia and vasculitis, spontaneous abortion and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. Both in children and adults parvovirus B19 infections have been frequently implicated as a cause or trigger of various forms of autoimmune diseases affecting joints, connective tissue and large and small vessels. In addition, autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia are known as sequelae of B19 infection. The molecular basis of the autoimmune phenomena and resultant pathogenesis is unclear. The involvement of molecular mimicry between cellular and viral proteins, the induction of enhanced cytokine production via the viral transactivator protein NS1 and the phospholipase A2-like activity of the capsid protein VP1 may contribute to the induction of autoimmune reactions. All the known data and the potential mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis will be discussed in this review.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19 infection and autoimmune disease. 1284 49

Although human parvovirus B19 (PVB19) is mainly known to be the causative agent of fifth disease, it is also important in the etiopathogenesis of various hematologic disorders. Recently, its role in the occurrence of chronic anemia and pancytopenia in immunocompromised patients has been revealed. In this study, the authors searched for the presence of PVB19 in a group of patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). The PVB19 DNA was determined by nested PCR, and serologic responses to the virus were evaluated by ELISA. Viral genome was detected by PCR in the sera of 9 of the 19 patients. The IgM and IgG positivities were 57 and 73% in the patients, respectively. These results suggest that PVB19 is associated with ITP nearly in half of the patients and its pathogenetic role in the cases of ITP needs further consideration.
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PMID:Human parvovirus B19 associated with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. 1602 Jan 22

Human parvovirus B19 (PV B19) infection in children commonly presents as fifth disease. Transient red cell crisis, the other manifestation of PV B19 infection, is usually reported in children with chronic hemolytic anemia, with a worsening of the anemia. However, this condition may pass unrecognized in children without an underlying hemolytic disorder, since the anemia may be of a short duration and self-limiting. The authors report 3 cases of PV B19-induced transient aplastic in different clinical settings--pancytopenia in one child, during induction phase for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the second, and fever with joint pains in the third. Treatment for PV B19-induced transient aplastic crisis is essentially supportive. There may be a dilemma in patients on immunosuppressive therapy, since initially it is difficult to distinguish between chronic pure red cell aplasia (a condition where intravenous immunoglobulin therapy is beneficial) and transient aplastic crisis, where supportive red cell transfusions suffice. The patient with leukemia also recovered spontaneously despite being on steroids. In all the 3 patients, the pure red cell aplasia recovered spontaneously without administration of intravenous gammaglobulins.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19-associated transient red cell aplasia in children: the role of bone marrow examination in unusual presentations. 1555 14

Erythema infectiosum (fifth Disease) is the major clinical manifestation of human parvovirus B19 (HPV B19) infection. HPV B19 is known to be associated with adverse effects on fetuses such as hydrops fetalis, aplastic anemia, intrauterine fetal death, and chronic anemia in immunocompromised individuals. The objective of this study was to assess seroprevalence to HPV B19 in three different groups in Shiraz, Iran. The first group included 91 to-be-married girls. The second group included 184 pregnant women and the third group consisted of 184 neonates, who were born to the women in the second group. Specific IgG and IgM antibodies to HPV B19 were measured using ELISA technique. Results showed that the prevalence for IgG to HPV B19 was 56 (61.5%), 127 (69%), and 127 (69%) for the first, second, and third groups, respectively. Overall, 183 out of the 275 (66.5%) women of childbearing age had IgG to HPV B19. The seroprevalence for IgM to HPV B19 was 2.2% for the second group. There was no detectable IgM in umbilical cord sera or in the first group blood samples. In conclusion, approximately one-third of individuals in the study who were of childbearing age were at risk for primary HPV B19 infection.
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PMID:The seroprevalence of parvovirus B19 infection among to-be-married girls, pregnant women, and their neonates in Shiraz, Iran. 1585 87

Parvovirus B19 infections may cause a widespread benign and self-limiting disease in children and adults known as erythema infectiosum (fifth disease). Several further manifestations are associated with B19 infections, such as arthralgias, arthritis, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia, anaemia and vasculitis and spontaneous abortion and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. Persistent infections with continuous virus production may occur in immunocompetent as well as in immunosuppressed individuals. Parvovirus B19 infections have been frequently implicated as a cause or trigger of various forms of autoimmune diseases affecting joints, connective tissue and large and small vessels. Autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia and haemolytic anaemia are known as sequelae of B19 infections. The molecular basis of the autoimmune phenomena is unclear. Many patients with these long-lasting symptoms are not capable of eliminating the virus or controlling its propagation. Furthermore, latent viral genomes have been detected in cells of various organs and tissues by PCR. At present, it is not clear if these cells produce viral proteins and/or infectious B19 particles, if the virus genome can be reactivated to productive replication and if the presence of viral DNA indicates a causative role of parvovirus B19 with distinct diseases.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19: the causative agent of dilated cardiomyopathy or a harmless passenger of the human myocard? 1632 58

Parvovirus B19 is a widespread infection that may affects 1-5% of pregnant women, mainly with normal pregnancy outcome. The prevalence of infection is higher during epidemics - between 3 and 20% with sero-conversion rate of 3-34%. Infection during pregnancy can cause a variety of other signs of fetal damage. The risk of adverse fetal outcome is increased if maternal infection occurs during the first two trimesters of pregnancy but may also happen during the third trimester. It is a significant cause of fetal loss throughout pregnancy, but has a higher impact in the second half of pregnancy when spontaneous fetal loss from other causes is relatively rare. Parvovirus infection can cause severe fetal anemia as a result of fetal erythroid progenitor cells infection with shortened half life of erythrocytes, causing high output cardiac failure and therefore nonimmune hydrops fetalis (NIHF). The P antigen expressed on fetal cardiac myocytes enables the Parvovirus B19 to infect myocardial cells and produce myocarditis that aggravates the cardiac failure. Although there are several reports of major congenital anomalies among offspring of mothers infected by Parvovirus, the virus does not seem to be a significant teratogen. Since Parvovirus B19 infection can cause severe morbidity and mortality, it should be part of the routine work up of complicated pregnancies. Risk assessment for maternal infection during pregnancy is especially important during epidemics when sero-conversion rates are high.
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PMID:Parvovirus B19 in pregnancy. 1658 Sep 42

A well documented case of erythema infectiosum is being reported here for the first time from India which was associated with myositis that has not been reported globally. A 9-year-old child presented with moderate to high grade fever, mild anemia, and erythematous rash involving face, trunks and limbs associated with arthralgia, myalgia and myositis. Parvovirus B19 infection was confirmed by detection of IgM antibodies (inhouse ELISA) and DNA (nested PCR) in patient's serum.
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PMID:Detection of parvovirus B19 in a case of erythema infectiosum with myositis. 1703 21

Human parvovirus B19 is a common cause of benign erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) in otherwise healthy children. Immunocompromized patients are at risk of developing chronic infections leading to chronic hyporegenerative anemia. We report the case of a nine-year-old boy who presented five days after renal transplantation with seizures and signs of encephalitis on MRI. The clinical course was characterized by anemia and seroconversion for parvovirus B19 accompanied by a high viral load (>10(9) copies per milliliter). A transfusion of red blood cells that the patient required after transplantation was found to be negative for parvovirus B19, leaving the donated organ as the most likely source of infection. Reduction of the immunosuppressive regimen led to complete recovery of the patient with a stable RBC count upon discharge. Parvovirus B19 infections should be considered in the differential diagnosis of seizures after solid organ transplantation.
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PMID:Severe parvovirus B19 encephalitis after renal transplantation. 1709 71

Erythrovirus B19 has been associated with an expanding range of clinical disorders since its identification as the etiological agent of erythema infectiosum, or fifth disease of childhood: acute arthropathy, dermatologic manifestations, chronic anemia in immunocompromised patients, and transient aplastic crisis in individuals with underlying chronic hemolytic disorders. Furthermore, exposure to and infection by B19 virus can lead to serious complications during pregnancy, which may result in fetal anemia, spontaneous abortion, and hydrops fetalis. Consequently, the B19 immune status of pregnant women should be routinely determined. Because many immunocompromised patients with chronic anemia will respond positively to intravenous immunoglobulin therapy, laboratory confirmation of B19 infection is required. Since Erythrovirus B19 cannot be routinely grown in vitro, diagnostic methods for detecting the presence of B19 by molecular techniques or by investigating the specific immune response should be considered in clinical microbiology laboratories.
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PMID:[Erythrovirus B19 infection]. 1712 65

Erythema infectiosum is the main manifestation of human parvovirus B19 infections. Further B19-related diseases commonly associated with the acute infection are flue-like symptoms, transient aplastic crisis, transient arthralgias, leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, spontaneous abortion and hydrops fetalis in pregnant women. Hepatitis, myocarditis, meningitis, encephalitis as well as pure red cell anemia may occur occasionally. In addition parvovirus B19 infections have been frequently described as cause or trigger of various forms of autoimmune diseases affecting all blood cell lines, joints, connective tissue, uvea, large and small vessels. Molecular mimicry may be one major contribution to the appearance of autoimmune antibodies, f.e. antiphospholipid and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies as well as antinuclear antigens. These mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of parvovirus B19 triggered autoimmune diseases, especially focused on the development of antiphospholipid antibodies will be discussed in this short review.
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PMID:Human parvovirus B19 infection and antiphospholipid antibodies. 1741 98


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