Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The recombinant cytokines are increasingly important therapeutic agents for patients with AIDS. Recombinant interferon-alpha has demonstrated antitumor and antiretroviral activities in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma. Limited studies with interferon-beta suggest that it also has antitumor effects in patients with Kaposi's sarcoma, but interferon-gamma appears to be ineffective in controlling this tumor. The hematopoietic growth factors, including erythropoietin, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), have been evaluated in several populations of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. The combination of G-CSF and recombinant human erythropoietin completely reversed the zidovudine-induced neutropenia of AIDS patients but was only partially effective in reversing anemia. In several clinical trials, GM-CSF induced marked increases in leukocyte counts and improved neutrophil function in some AIDS patients. In severely immunocompromised patients with disease caused by HIV who were receiving therapy with either G-CSF or GM-CSF, opportunistic infections continued to occur despite increases in circulating white blood cell counts. Recombinant cytokines may be used in the future in AIDS patients as adjunctive treatment with myelosuppressive antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs, as a possible means of enhancing host defense, or as agents of immune reconstitution.
 ...
PMID:Use of recombinant interferons and hematopoietic growth factors in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. 196 13

Results of a large therapeutic trial of interferon-gamma in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are described. Of 110 RA-patients enrolled in this clinical trial, 46 were treated with interferon-gamma for 12 months. During the treatment period, dosage was reduced on an individual basis. There was a correlation between the improvement of clinical parameters, such as pain or morning stiffness, and the improvement of laboratory parameters such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate, anemia, leucocytosis or thrombocytosis. Interferon-gamma was well tolerated, and no organ toxicity was detected.
 ...
PMID:Correlation of clinical and serological findings in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated for one year with interferon-gamma. 210 38

In this study, we further investigated a possible link between activation of cell-mediated immunity and anaemia in patients with haematological neoplasias. We compared serum concentrations of interferon-gamma and neopterin with haemoglobin levels. Significantly increased interferon-gamma and neopterin concentrations indicated persistent activation of cell-mediated immunity. Neopterin levels correlated significantly to interferon-gamma concentrations and inversely to haemoglobin levels. The data indicate an association between activated macrophages and the development of anaemia in patients with haematological neoplasias.
 ...
PMID:Correlation between neopterin, interferon-gamma and haemoglobin in patients with haematological disorders. 210 3

An open phase 1 study comparing two daily doses of oral ribavirin (1200 and 1600 mg) for 12 weeks was conducted at a single site. Eight human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected adult men with lymphadenopathy or early AIDS-related complex (ARC) symptoms were enrolled in each treatment group. No anti-HIV effect was observed as evaluated by coculture of patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells or by the level of serum p24 antigenemia. Neither enhancement of two functional lymphocyte markers (specific antigen-induced blastogenesis or interferon-gamma production) nor reduction in serum beta 2-microglobulins was noted. Mild clinical adverse reactions and anemia were observed in both treatment groups. Significant reductions in total lymphocytes, T lymphocytes (CD2 cells), and T lymphocyte subsets (CD4 and CD8 cells) were most notable in the 1600-mg group. Reduction in the lymphocyte populations was most likely due to a direct ribavirin lymphotoxic effect. These observations indicate that ribavirin had no demonstrable beneficial effect on virologic or immunologic HIV surrogate markers at daily doses associated with adverse reactions.
 ...
PMID:A phase 1 study of ribavirin in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. 211 25

The effects of interleukin 12 (IL-12) on natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and on the production of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were examined in 15 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), which are well known to have immunologic defects, and in 11 normal subjects. The NK cell cytotoxicity of all of the normal subjects was augmented by incubation with IL-12 alone, and co-incubation with interleukin 2 (IL-2) further augmented it (type A response). The MDS patients showed varied responses to IL-12/IL-2. Seven patients showed the type A response, resulting in augmented NK cell cytotoxicity which was similar to that in the normal subjects. In five other patients the cytotoxicity was not increased by IL-12 alone, but the combination of IL-12 and IL-2 did augment the cytotoxicity (type B response). The augmented cytotoxicity in these type B patients was lower than that in the normal subjects. In the final three MDS patients the cytotoxicity was low and not affected by IL-12 and/or IL-2 (type C response). All patients with refractory anaemia with excess blasts (RAEB) and patients with RAEB in transformation showed a type B or C response. Conversely, six of eight refractory anaemia patients showed a type A response. In MDS patients there was a positive correlation between the percentage of CD3- CD56+ cells in pre-incubated cells and the cytotoxicity of cells incubated with IL-12/IL-2. The combination of IL-12 and IL-2 augmented IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production by nonadherent mononuclear cells in a synergistic or cumulative manner, respectively, in most patients. These results suggest that IL-12, alone or with IL-2, may modulate these important immunologic functions in most MDS patients.
 ...
PMID:Effects of interleukin-12 on natural killer cell cytotoxicity and the production of interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. 778 78

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that interleukin 3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferon-gamma and stem cell factor mRNA expression were higher in 15-deoxyspergualin-treated spleen cells than in control spleen cells. Increased IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression were observed in 15-deoxyspergualin-treated bone marrow cells. On the other hand, increased platelet counts in BALB/c-->C3H/He bone marrow chimeras were observed from days 20 to 33 in our previous work, when they were treated with 15-deoxyspergualin from days 14 to 25. In contrast, marked leukocytopenia and anemia were simultaneously observed, although a marked leukocytosis and a rapid recovery of anemia were observed on day 33 and thereafter. To analyze effects of 15-deoxyspergualin on hematopoiesis and the immune system, we examined mRNA expression in bone marrow and spleen cells from BALB/c-->C3H/He bone marrow chimeras treated with 15-deoxyspergualin from days 14 to 25. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed that IL-3, IL-4, IL-6, stem cell factor, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA expression were higher in 15-deoxyspergualin-treated chimeras than in control chimeras, indicating that these cytokines are responsible for an enhancement of hematopoiesis. It was conceivable that IL-6 supported thrombopoiesis in concert with other cytokines. On the contrary, increased IFN-gamma, IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, and IL-10 mRNA expression may play an immunosuppressive role in vivo.
 ...
PMID:Effects of 15-deoxyspergualin in vitro and in vivo on cytokine gene expression. 797 17

1. Serum levels of erythropoietin and the immune parameters tumour necrosis factor-alpha, soluble interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-2, interleukin-6 and interferon-gamma were measured in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. 2. Out of 69 patients, 44 had anaemia with serum haemoglobin concentrations of 10.8 (SD 1.2) g/dl. In these patients erythropoietin levels were significantly higher than in non-anaemic patients [51.97 (SD 23.9) versus 26.06 (SD 11.9) m-units/ml; P < 0.0001; control patients: 18.1 (SD 13.8) m-units/ml]. Mean soluble interleukin-2 receptor activity was elevated in all patients with rheumatoid arthritis [1324 (SD 715) units/ml; control patients: 480 (SD 75) units/ml; P < 0.001] and was significantly higher in the anaemic group than in the non-anaemic group [1562 (SD 662) versus 696 (SD 402) units/ml; P < 0.0001]. The serum activity of soluble interleukin-2 receptor showed an inverse correlation with haemoglobin (r = 0.79; P < 0.0001) and a positive correlation with erythropoietin (r = 0.70, P < 0.0001). 3. Elevated serum tumour necrosis factor-alpha levels were found in 19 anaemic patients [20.6 (SD 9.1) pg/ml]. Concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in serum showed an inverse correlation with haemoglobin (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and a positive correlation with erythropoietin (r = 0.46, P < 0.05). Interleukin-6 was detected in seven anaemic patients [21 (SD 14) pg/ml] and interleukin-2 activity in three anaemic patients (12, 16 and 14 units/ml, respectively). Interferon-gamma was not detected in any of the patients investigated.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Impaired erythropoietin responsiveness in anaemic rheumatoid arthritis patients: potential relation to immune mechanisms. 803 17

Anemia is a frequent manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, with a probably multifactorial etiology. We investigated the effect of peripheral blood mononuclear cell supernatants (PBMCS) from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients on hematopoietic colony formation in vitro, by using a methylcellulose assay. PBMCS from patients suppress in vitro erythroid (BFU-E), mixed-lineage (CFU-GEMM) and to a lesser degree granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) progenitors. PBMCS from anemic RA patients were more suppressive for BFU-E than those from non-anemic patients. Addition of antibodies to tumor-necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) almost completely reversed the inhibition of BFU-E and CFU-GEMM, but had little effect on the CFU-GM colony formation. Antibodies to interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) were not effective. The above data suggest that PBMCS from RA patients suppress in vitro erythropoiesis via the production of TNF alpha; a pathogenetic role for TNF alpha in the anemia of RA can be implied.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis suppress erythropoiesis in vitro via the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha. 806 94

Fifteen Indian patients with relapsing or drug-refractory visceral leishmaniasis were retreated for 30 days with antimony plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). All 15 had failure of an initial course of antimony and at least one additional course of antimony or pentamidine; 7 patients had failure of three or four prior courses of therapy. During the study, treatment was discontinued in 2 patients because of anemia and congestive heart failure in 1 and intractable vomiting in the other; both subsequently died. In the remaining 13 patients, IFN-gamma plus antimony treatment was associated with daily fever but no other adverse reactions. After 30 days of therapy, 9 (69%) of the 13 patients were apparently cured. Six months after treatment, all 9 were healthy, had parasite-free bone marrow aspirate smears, and were considered cured. None have relapsed during a mean follow-up of 15.9 +/- 1.7 months. These results support the use of antimony plus IFN-gamma as an immunochemotherapeutic alternative for kala-azar patients who have repeated failures of conventional treatment.
 ...
PMID:Successful treatment of refractory visceral leishmaniasis in India using antimony plus interferon-gamma. 807 25

The induction of T helper cell subsets during the course of non-lethal or lethal blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection was investigated using inbred strains of mice which differ in the level of resistance to this intraerythrocytic parasite. Resistant C57Bl/6 mice experience a non-lethal course of infection characterized by moderate levels of both parasitaemia and anaemia and resolution of primary acute infection by 4 weeks, while susceptible A/J mice experience lethal infection with fulminant parasitaemia and severe anaemia. T helper subset function was assessed during infection by determining the kinetics of spleen cell production in vitro of the Th1-derived cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), and of the Th2-derived cytokine, IL-5, using sandwich ELISAs. Spleen cells from resistant C57Bl/6 mice were found to produce high levels of IFN-gamma within 1 week of infection in response to both the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A) and malaria antigen. Furthermore, CD4+ T cells were found to be the source of IFN-gamma while both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were found to produce IL-5. Decreased IFN-gamma production after day 10 was concomitant with significant production of IL-5 between 2 and 3 weeks post infection. In contrast, spleen cells from susceptible A/J mice produced high levels of IL-5 within the first week of infection. In addition, these animals were found to have high serum levels of IL-5. These results, thus, confirm previous observations that resolution of primary blood-stage P. chabaudi infection occurs by sequential activation of Th1 CD4+ T cells followed by activation of the Th2 subset, and in addition, suggest that induction of a strong Th2 response early in infection may lead to a severe and lethal course of malaria.
 ...
PMID:Differential induction of helper T cell subsets during blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in resistant and susceptible mice. 809 4


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Next >>