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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To detect and measure occult gastrointestinal bleeding, we have measured haemoglobin concentrations (by HemoQuant) in the clear fluid obtained after whole-gut lavage. In subjects with healthy gastrointestinal tracts, lavage-fluid haemoglobin concentrations were 0.5-5.1 mg/L, equivalent to daily blood loss of 0.1-1.1 mL. High concentrations were found for patients with colorectal cancer, severe diverticular disease, and rectal varices, in seven of sixteen patients with active inflammatory bowel disease, and in four patients with iron-deficiency anaemia thought to be due to gastrointestinal bleeding. In these four patients, estimated blood loss ranged from 2.6-24.5 mL per day. This method could have various research and clinical applications.
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PMID:Haemoglobin in gut lavage fluid as a measure of gastrointestinal blood loss. 136 92

Hematuria in rabbits has been associated with uterine adenocarcinoma, uterine polyps, renal infarction, urolithiasis, cystitis, bladder polyps, and pyelonephritis. Three adult female New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) developed apparent hematuria, as suggested by blood in their excreta pans. They had been immunized with antigen-adjuvant emulsions, but had uneventful clinical histories. Physical examination disclosed no abnormalities, and laboratory tests, including hematology, serum chemistries, urinalyses, urine cultures, ultrasonography, and intravenous pyelography disclosed mild anemia, hematuria, and proteinuria in two of the rabbits. Antibiotic therapy failed to alleviate clinical signs. Two rabbits were euthanized because of persistent urogenital bleeding and the third rabbit underwent exploratory laparotomy and ovariohysterectomy. Multiple endometrial venous aneurysms were present in the uteri of all rabbits and urogenital bleeding was attributed to episodic bleeding from these lesions. Varices and aneurysms of uterine subserosal and myometrial venous plexuses, but not of endometrial vessels in women have been reported. To our knowledge, endometrial venous aneurysms have not been reported in animals previously. Our findings indicate that the differential diagnoses for sporadic apparent hematuria in female rabbits should include endometrial aneurysms.
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PMID:Endometrial venous aneurysms in three New Zealand white rabbits. 143 95

Patients with portal hypertension without a demonstrable cause have been reported in the literature under several different terms, such as tropical splenomegaly, phlebosclerosis, obliterative portal venopathy of the liver, hepatoportal sclerosis, noncirrhotic portal fibrosis and idiopathic portal hypertension (IPH). Such patients have been described worldwide, with a greater frequency in India and Japan. The etiology of IPH is still unknown, although some of the theories that have been proposed are: exposure to toxic substances or drugs, relationship with the hepatitis-B virus, immunologic abnormalities, systemic or intra-abdominal infections and clotting abnormalities. The main histopathologic findings are periportal fibrosis, obliteration of small portal veins and sclerosis of the interhepatic portal system. Although these abnormalities could be secondary to portal hypertension, it has been proposed that the vascular changes are the primary event that leads to portal hypertension. The site of increased resistance in IPH is found at the presinusoidal level with some component at the sinusoidal and postsinusoidal level. The main symptoms and signs in IPH are upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding secondary to esophago-gastric varices, symptoms related to anemia, and splenomegaly. The long-term prognosis for patients with IPH is better than for cirrhotic patients, with a 77% survival at ten years. Variceal bleeding is the main cause of death, and some treatment to prevent bleeding or its recurrence is warranted. Although no comparative trial has been performed in IPH patients, the surgical management could be the first choice for elective treatment in these patient without liver failure, because of the high re-bleeding rates with chronic sclerotherapy. Pharmacologic management could be considered for prophylactic treatment of these patients.
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PMID:[Idiopathic portal hypertension]. 186 3

Twenty patients with portal hypertension related to a variety of causes prospectively underwent colonoscopy for hematochezia (n = 10), hemoccult positive stool and anemia (n = 9), or polyp found with screening flexible sigmoidoscopy (n = 2) (includes 1 patient with anemia/heme-positive stool). Twelve patients (60%) had previously undergone a course of sclerotherapy, and 10 (50%) had endoscopic evidence of congestive gastropathy. Colonoscopic findings included mucosal abnormalities resembling multiple vascular ectasias in 14 (70%), 4 of whom also had endoscopic features suggesting a mild, chronic colitis. Neither signs of chronic liver disease nor stigmata suggestive of more severe portal hypertension correlated with the colonoscopic findings. Two patients required heater probe therapy for actively oozing lesions resembling vascular ectasias and an additional two patients sclerotherapy for bleeding midrectal varices. Although likely an overestimate of the frequency, this study suggests that portal colopathy can occur in portal hypertension. Vascular ectasialike lesions in such settings may be associated with acute as well as chronic gastrointestinal bleeding and may require pharmacological, directed endoscopic, or portal decompressive therapy. Additional studies are required to determine not only the pathophysiology but also the true frequency of this entity.
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PMID:Portal colopathy: prospective study of colonoscopy in patients with portal hypertension. 193 89

Hematuria leading to life-threatening anemia was evaluated in a 9-year-old male dog. At surgery, an abnormal vessel resembling an ulcerated varicose vein was found on the surface of the bladder mucosa. After removal of the lesion, hematuria ceased and had not recurred 22 months later.
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PMID:Macrohematuria and life-threatening anemia attributable to subepithelial vascular ectasia of the urinary bladder in a dog. 218 41

This article reviews the history of screening in the elderly, the conditions that should be considered, whether or not screening in the elderly is of benefit, whether we should look for disability or diseases and where screening should take place. Thirteen conditions are discussed: hearing loss and anaemia in some detail. Both disability and precise diagnostic criteria are considered. The place where screening is best carried out depends on the mobility of the subject and the nature of the particular screening tests selected for the 13 conditions. The desirability of screening was assessed on the following criteria: prevalence of the condition, severity of the problem, acceptability by the patient of the screening test, false positive rate, consequences of making a false positive diagnosis, the false negative rate and the consequences of this error, the effect of treatment, the cost of the screening test and the burden on the health services produced by the screening test. The criteria were scored 1-5 on a scale defined for each assessment, with higher scores favouring screening. We provide evidence that screening may be worthwhile for: need for chiropody, varicose veins/ulcer, hearing loss, obesity, visual impairment, hypothyroidism, hypertension, anaemia and diabetes mellitus. However, the assessments discussed in this paper need to be tested prospectively in randomised controlled trials.
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PMID:Should medical screening of the elderly population be promoted? 227 26

The authors report on 17 pregnancies of 7 patients with extrahepatic portal hypertension (EPH). Before conception all patients underwent splenectomy, in 5 of them portosystemic shunts were performed and 3 women received esophageal sclerotherapy as well. Three patients had esophageal varices before and throughout the pregnancy, and in 1 patient pregnancy was electively terminated on 4 occasions for previously bleeding varices; then the sclerotherapy eradicated the varices, and she had a successful pregnancy, in which the varices recurred. No gastrointestinal bleeding was seen during the pregnancies. There were toxemia in 1, edema in 2, anemia in 3, cesarean section in 10, puerperal endometritis in 4 and puerperal thrombophlebitis of the leg in 2 pregnancies. One spontaneous abortion and 12 live births among them with 3 preterm infants were encountered. All newborns were healthy and appropriate for their gestational age. The authors review the maternal as well as fetal complications and discuss the current management for pregnant women with EPH.
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PMID:Pregnancy and extrahepatic portal hypertension. Review and report on the management. 228 98

The authors report on the successful treatment of an unusual varix rupture causing intraabdominal hemorrhage in a patient who suffered from alcoholic hepatic cirrhosis. Simultaneously with the hypogastric pain, hypotension, growing circumference of the abdomen and increasing anaemia--without hematemesis or melena--referred to intraabdominal hemorrhage, which was confirmed by diagnostic paracentesis. Urgent exploratory laparotomy revealed the source of the bleeding and made the adequate surgical treatment possible. The authors are of the opinion that in case of a suspected intraabdominal hemorrhage the exploratory puncture is of diagnostic value and an operation performed without delay may ensure the improvement of the prognosis of this severe complication.
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PMID:[Hemorrhage in the abdominal cavity caused by ruptured varices]. 231 81

A 41-year-old woman died within a few hours one morning due to massive rectal hemorrhage. At autopsy, complete liver cirrhosis, signs of portal hypertension, liquid blood in the entire colon, and high-grade anemia were detected. The source of bleeding was a ruptured submucosal varix in the sigmoid colon, which was almost invisible even microscopically and had been caused by portal hypertension. In the vicinity, and somewhat further away from the rupture site, numerous, greatly dilated veins with wall sclerosis and intimal thickening, as well as paravascular iron deposits, were found as indications that severe hemorrhages had already occurred earlier. To detect the source of bleeding, meticulous inspection and dissection with hematoxylin and eosin, elastica van Gieson, and iron staining, were necessary.
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PMID:[Fatal hemorrhage from ruptured varicose veins of the sigmoid colon in liver cirrhosis]. 387 49

A case is reported of a 39-year-old woman who had postoperative pulmonary embolism after taking combined oral contraceptives from 1967 to 1970. Her related history included birth of 2 large infants, phlebitis, and varicosities. Her operation for retroverted uterus and tubal sterilization was followed the next day by a severe pulmonary embolism treated with heparin. This treatment resulted in a pelvic hematoma, abundant metrorrhagia, and anemia requiring 4 transfusions. 4 months later she developed jaundice due to hepatitis virus B, which potentiated the effect of the antiprothrombin treatment and precipitated 2 new pelvic masses, fever, and metrorrhagia. She was given hysterectomy, which revealed bilateral hematosalpinx, probably related to endometriosis. 1 year later she was in good health, but her serum lipids were found high in the alpha- and pre-beta-lipoprotein bands. A delay of 2 months between stopping oral contraceptives and surgery is recommended.
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PMID:[Postoperative thromboembolic accident observed during estro-progestative treatment. Apropos of a case]. 516 37


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