Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Porcine infectious anemia is a well-known disease that occurs worldwide and is caused by the uncultivable hemotrophic bacterium Mycoplasma suis. In this study the occurrence of M. suis in wild boars was investigated by employing a quantitative real-time LightCycler PCR. M. suis infections were detected in 36 out of 359 wild boars (10.03%). Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two genetically distinct M. suis subtypes in the wild boar population: one subtype was >99.0% identical to known American and European M. suis isolates, and the second subtype showed the highest homology to known Chinese isolates. In summary, this is the first detection of M. suis in wild boars. The role of M. suis as pathogen in wild boars has yet to be established, but the present findings revealed a possible wildlife reservoir for these bacteria.
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PMID:Occurrence of Mycoplasma suis in wild boars (Sus scrofa L.). 2000 52

Mycoplasma ovis is an obligatory parasite of the erythrocytes from small ruminants (sheep, goat), wherein it causes chronic or acute anaemia. This agent shows worldwide distribution. However, its dispersion is still unknown in Argentina. This work describes an outbreak of mycoplasmosis occurred in January 2007 in a sheep flock from Rosario de la Frontera, Salta, Argentina. Adult sheep became ill with a mortality rate of 17.8%. All blood smears (n = 11) examined by Giemsa stain showed the presence of small basophile bodies characteristic of M. ovis infection, indicating a high prevalence of the infection in the flock. The molecular diagnosis (n = 9) confirmed the findings through the amplification of two fragments from the 16S rRNA gene. This is the third report of M. ovis in Argentina and the first one concomitant with clinical signs at flock level.
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PMID:[Clinical mycoplasmosis outbreak due to Mycoplasma ovis in sheep from Shalta, Argentina. Clinical, microbiological and molecular diagnosis]. 2008 83

An outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD) in two California layer flocks resulted in the isolation of two infectious bursal disease viruses designated rA and rB. Increased mortality plus gross and histopathology in the layer flocks suggested rA and rB could be very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). Preliminary studies indicated that high mortality resulted when bursa homogenates from the layer farms were used to inoculate specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicks. In addition, rA and rB contained VP2 amino acid sequences typically seen in vvIBDV. Molecular and in vivo studies were conducted to more thoroughly identify and characterize the rA and rB viruses. Nucleotide sequence analysis demonstrated that rA and rB had identical sequences across the hypervariable VP2 (hvVP2) and segment B regions examined, and their amino acid sequences in the hvVP2 region were identical to the vvwIBDV type strains UK 661, OKYM, and Harbin. Furthermore, the genome segment B nucleotide sequences examined for rA and rB were a 98.1% match with vvIBDV and only an 88.0% match with classic IBDV strains. Phylogenetic analysis placed the rA and rB viruses with other vvIBDV and confirmed these viruses were close genetic descendants of vvIBDV seen around the world. Pathogenicity studies in 4-wk-old SPF chicks demonstrated that at a high dose (105.5 50% egg infective dose [EID50]) and a low dose (102.0 EID50) of rA and rB, mortality ranged from 91% to 100%. A pathogenic classic virus, standard challenge (STC), at similar doses did not cause mortality in the SPF chicks. In addition, mortality occurred in three out of four SPF birds exposed by direct contact to rA and rB inoculated chicks. Serum from convalescent birds inoculated with rA had high titers to IBDV but were negative for antibodies to infectious bronchitis virus, avian influenza virus, chicken anemia virus, Newcastle disease virus, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, and Mycoplasma synoviae. Virus isolation attempts on the rA and rB bursa homogenate inocula also indicated that no contaminating microorganisms contributed to the high mortality and pathology observed in the SPF chicks. In one experiment, broilers with maternal immunity to IBDV were protected from infection and disease when they were challenged with 10(2) EID50 and 10(5) EID50 of the STC virus. When challenged with 10(2) EID50 of the rA virus, the maternally immune broilers were protected from disease but not infection as evidenced by a positive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the virus. When the broilers were challenged with 10(5) EID50 of the rA virus, they had typical gross and histopathologic signs of IBD but no mortality by 7 days postinoculation. It was concluded that the rA and rB viruses meet the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of a vvIBDV.
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PMID:Characteristics of a very virulent infectious bursal disease virus from California. 2009 62

This study summarizes the diagnostic findings from all anemic cats diagnosed with hemotropic mycoplasma (HM) infections at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine-Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1996 and 2005. The objectives were to determine the frequency of HM-induced anemia among all cats presented with anemia during this period, the clinical findings and risk factors associated with clinical HM infection, and factors affecting or predicting survival. Medical records were examined from 23 cats with HM-induced anemia from the total of 170 cats diagnosed with anemia during this period. The frequency of HM-induced anemia was 14% (23/170) among all anemic cats. Cats with HM-induced anemia were less likely to be purebred (P = 0.04) than other cats with anemia. Of the cats with HM-induced anemia, those with positive retroviral status (P = 0.01), concurrent illness (P < 0.01), or lack of erythroid regeneration (P = 0.01) were most likely to die. The 1-year survival of HM-infected cats was 65% (13/20).
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PMID:Anemia in cats with hemotropic mycoplasma infection: retrospective evaluation of 23 cases (1996-2005). 2043 58

In this prospective study performed from samples of 296 cats from Southern Bavaria, Germany, a conventional PCR (polymerase chain reaction) assay for detection of Mycoplasma haemofelis and "Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum" and a real-time PCR for "Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis" were used to test blood samples from ill cats with anaemia (n = 79), ill cats with a normal haematocrit (n = 98), and healthy cats (n = 119). The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of feline haemoplasma infection and associated risk factors in cats in Southern Bavaria, Germany. Thirty-six cats (12.2%) were PCR positive: 9.5% were infected with "Candidatus M. haemominutum, 1.4% with M. haemofelis, and 0.3% with "Candidatus M. turicensis". Three cats (1.0%) were coinfected with two haemoplasma species (one cat with "Candidatus M. haemominutum"and M. haemofelis, and two cats with "Candidatus M. haemominutum"and "Candidatus M. turicensis"). Risk factors for infection were outdoor access, male gender, coinfection with feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), and domestic shorthair breed. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of haemoplasma infection between the three groups and none of the positive cats had clinical signs of haemoplasma infection. The authors conclude that feline haemoplasma infection does not appear to be a common cause of anaemia in cats in Southern Bavaria, Germany.
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PMID:Prevalence of feline haemoplasma infection in cats in Southern Bavaria, Germany, and infection risk factor analysis. 2013 9

Haemotrophic mycoplasmas are unculturable eperythrocytic pathogens that are found in a wide range of domestic and wild animals. In this study an outbreak of haemotrophic mycoplasmosis in cattle herds in Northern Germany is reported. Affected animals exhibited anaemia and depression and infection was confirmed following microscopic examination of blood smears and on PCR. Sequence analysis indicated that in addition to infection with Mycoplasma wenyonii, animals were infected with a novel bovine haemotrophic mycoplasma Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos.
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PMID:Detection of Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos in cattle with anaemia. 2018 10

The aims of the present study were to determine the prevalence of hemoplasmas in cats and dogs from the Barcelona area of Spain with the use of species-specific quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assays and to evaluate any associations between hemoplasma infection, clinical presentation, and vector-borne infections. Blood samples from cats (191) and dogs (182) were included and were classified as healthy (149) or unhealthy (224). Ethylenediamine tetra-acetic acid blood samples underwent DNA extraction and qPCR analysis. Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum', and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' were detected in cats, whereas Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' were detected in dogs, with prevalences of 3.7%, 9.9%, 0.5%, 14.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. In cats, no association between hemoplasma infection and health status, age, breed, presence of anemia, Feline leukemia virus status, and other vector-borne infections was found, but outdoor access (P = 0.009), male sex (P = 0.01), and Feline immunodeficiency virus status (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with hemoplasma infection. In dogs, sex, age, health status, presence of anemia, and breed were not significantly associated with hemoplasma infection, but a significant association was found between hemoplasma infection and vector-borne infections (P < 0.001). The present report documents the occurrence of feline 'Candidatus M. turicensis' and canine 'Candidatus M. haematoparvum' infections in Spain.
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PMID:Prevalence of hemotropic mycoplasmas in healthy and unhealthy cats and dogs in Spain. 2022 91

The safety of veterinary vaccines is of paramount importance and it is significantly jeopardised by extraneous agents such as bacteria, mycoplasma, Chlamydia and viruses. Several critical steps of vaccine manufacture involve a potential risk of viral contamination. Viruses, as extraneous, agents can be divided into two main groups. Group 1 agents, such as Pestivirus, chicken anaemia virus (CAV), and egg drop syndrome virus (EDSV) are well-known to manufacturers and authorities. Compendial detection methods, clear guidelines and legislation have been established to minimise the risk of contamination with these agents. Contrary to group 1, group 2 agents like Torque Teno virus (TTV) or RD114, a replication-competent feline gamma-retrovirus, have only recently been recognised and their role as contaminants needs further investigation. Randomly selected veterinary vaccines used between 1992 and 2009 were tested by nucleic acid amplification for CAV, EDSV, and TTV. Pestivirus contamination was examined in 33 vaccines used between 1996 and 2006 and a further 27 vaccines used between 2007 and 2009 based on random selection of these vaccines. In addition to random tests done on vaccines used from 2007 on, 12 batches of live Aujeszky's disease vaccines submitted to our laboratory for Official Control Authority Batch Release (OCABR) were also tested for Pestivirus.
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PMID:Testing for viral contaminants of veterinary vaccines in Hungary. 2033 83

Haemotrophic mycoplasmas (HM) are parasites on the surface of red blood cells and known to infect a wide range of animals. However, there are no previous evidences of HM infections in horses. In this study HM were detected for the first time in the blood of two horses suffering from poor performance, apathy, weight loss, and anaemia. Using a HM specific PCR assay and subsequent sequencing the infective agents isolated from the blood of said horses were confirmed as closely related to the HM species Mycoplasma haemofelis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemobos'.
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PMID:Haemotrophic Mycoplasma infection in horses. 2045 51

Haemotropic mycoplasmas (or haemoplasmas) are the causative agents of infectious anaemia in many mammalian species. They were previously known as Haemobartonella and Eperythrozoon species. The development of sensitive, specific PCR assays has expanded our knowledge of these agents and PCR is the method of choice to diagnose and differentiate haemoplasma infections. In felids, Mycoplasma haemofelis, 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominutum' and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis' have been described. They vary strongly in their pathogenic potential and co-factors may influence the disease severity. In dogs, Mycoplasma haemocanis and 'Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum' are known; clinical signs are mainly found in immunocompromised dogs. Transmission of haemoplasmas may occur via infected blood (aggressive interaction, transfusion) or blood-sucking arthropods. Infections can be treated with Doxycycline, although it is disputable whether the infection is completely eliminated. Feline haemoplasmas must be expected in cats all over Europe, while canine haemoplasmas are mainly encountered in dogs in Mediterranean countries but should also be considered in Swiss dogs with a travel history.
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PMID:Haemotropic mycoplasmas of cats and dogs: transmission, diagnosis, prevalence and importance in Europe. 2046 83


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