Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Causes and frequency of diseases during childhood in populations of the Middle Ages were studied. The infant skeletons of ten populations from Central Europe and Anatolia were examined by macroscopical, radiological, endoscopical, histological, and scanning-electron microscopical techniques. Because only little is known about Anatolian populations, more attention was paid to the Byzantine populations. The infant skeletons are very well preserved. Therefore, the morbidity and the mortality could be studied in detail. The following disorders were diagnosed: anemia, C-avitaminosis, D-avitaminosis, osteomyelitis, meningitis-meningoencephalitis, otitis media and mastoiditis, perisinusitis, inflammation of the cavum nasi, inflammation of the paranasal sinuses, stomatitis, periodontal diseases, caries, pleuritis, trauma, and malformations. The frequency of diseases and the mortality depended on the type and the intensity of particular external life conditions. These may have been quite different in several social groups of the same population. In summary, these studies provide new information on the etiology and the epidemiology of diseases during childhood in the Middle Ages.
 ...
PMID:[Results of osteologic studies of medieval pediatric skeletons with special reference to the population of Anatolia]. 266 Jul 41

We report the first case of Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. This supports a common pathogenic mechanism in HUS following infections by neuraminidase-producing organisms and in pneumococcal meningitis. We recommend that HUS must be considered in cases of renal failure and/or anaemia associated with pneumococcal meningitis, and that bacterial meningitis be considered in all patients with HUS and central nervous system involvement.
 ...
PMID:Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. 274 37

We sought to determine whether chloramphenicol would worsen or mitigate the anemia associated with Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis if administered in doses which produce 'therapeutic' serum concentrations. Seventy-four cases of H. influenzae meningitis were stratified by chloramphenicol cumulative doses (mg/kg body weight) of less than 300 and greater than 300. There was no significant difference in the decrease in blood hemoglobin concentration or in the increase in the FEP:Heme ratio between the two study groups. Plasma iron and transferrin saturation values indicated iron deficiency at days 1 and 5 of hospitalization; by day 10 mean values were within the normal range. These data suggest that H. influenzae type b meningitis, not chloramphenicol therapy in the presence of monitoring is causing the observed anemia.
 ...
PMID:Anemia during Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis: lack of an effect of chloramphenicol. 276 22

Neonatal onset multisystem inflammatory disease is a rare disorder first described by Lorber in 1973. An additional 29 cases have been recorded. Two patients are described here, one with a 17 year follow-up. The typical features are a rash, fever, adenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and a severe, deforming arthropathy predominantly affecting large joints. The most striking feature is the onset in the neonatal period. Other associated features include inflammation, chronic meningitis, anemia, and persistent leukocytosis. Most, if not all, patients develop bizarre epiphyseal radiographic findings that are virtually pathognomonic. This disease is distinct from Still disease.
 ...
PMID:NOMID--a neonatal syndrome of multisystem inflammation. 278 38

The parents and grandparents of 100 pediatric patients hospitalized at the Hospital of the Gondar college of Medical Sciences were interviewed by means of a questionnaire containing personal data, methods of traditional medicine, treatment of 30 widespread diseases and disorders of children, views about probable causes, the diagnosis of the "local healer", and the effectiveness of his treatment. Most of those interviewed came from the Gondar region, and they had an 82% illiteracy rate. 85 of the 100 children had been treated by traditional medicine: 9 experienced improvement, but the condition of 15 worsened as a result. 68% of respondents thought that traditional medicine was more cautious and conservative, 46% cited easy access to it, and 6% the low cost as the reasons for using it. 62% vowed never to use it, though after their hospital experience, still 36% claimed they would turn to the local healer again. Over 80% had uvulectomy done to treat upper respiratory diseases, and circumcision of boys is almost 100% (it is also frequent among girls). Spirits healers are distinguished from local healers: they are Christian Orthodox clergymen who exorcise demons and ghosts. Amulets, arm rings, hair style, eye makeup is supposed to protect from the evil eye. Certain practices are dangerous: application of parts of a plant causing deep necrosis, Embelia shimperi and Hagenia abyssinia used for deforming can be deadly, phlebotomy for meningitis can cause extreme anemia, the use of red-hot iron to treat infections can not only result in scarification but also sepsis. Malnutrition and kwashiorkor is often neglected, as is tuberculosis when the local healer acts. 34 of the 100 patients had TB, 7 of whom had spondylitis. The improvement of hygiene and programs to educate the populace should be implemented.
 ...
PMID:[Traditional medicine in Ethiopia in childhood diseases]. 279 27

Lead exposure is an ancient malady. Its history serves as a useful paradigm through which to understand many other pollutants that our technological society has inserted into the human environment and may guide preventive steps for other agents. Lead poisoning was first recognized in workers exposed to high doses. The discovery of childhood toxicity occurred a century ago in Australia, when children with striking symptoms of paralysis, ophthalmoplegia, or meningitis were found to be highly lead exposed. Encephalopathy generally occurs at blood lead levels of 80 micrograms/dL or more, but unequivocal brain damage has been demonstrated at doses well below this level. At lower doses, the neurocognitive effects of lead are expressed as diminished psychometric intelligence, attention deficits, conduct problems, alterations in the electroencephalogram, school failure, and increased referral rates for special needs. Careful epidemiologic studies, which have controlled for the important confounders, have set the effect level at 10-15 micrograms/dL. Elegant animal studies in which confounding is not an issue have confirmed these findings. Although blood lead levels in the population have dropped over time for a number of reasons, there are some 3-4 million American children with blood lead levels of more than 15 micrograms/dL. Biochemical and functional changes have been demonstrated in the heme biosynthetic pathway and in the renal, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. The threshold for effect depends on the sensitivity of the methods used. A no-effect level has not been found. Further, this is not a disease of the poor alone. But the poor are exposed to much more lead than are the more economically favored. Deficiencies in body calcium, zinc, iron, and protein stores are associated with increased uptake. Optimizing nutrition enhances the resistance to lead. All children should be screened for lead at regular intervals, especially those with anemia, growth failure, and developmental or behavioral problems. Treatment protocols are well worked out, but chelation is only part of the therapy. Controlling the environment, strengthening the family's supports, enhancing nutrition, and offering remedial education are essential to a successful therapeutic outcome. Lead control has involved a continuing struggle between vested economic interests and regulatory agencies. In one area, the control of airbone lead, science, and public health have prevailed. In the past decade, the amount of alkyl lead consumed in gasoline additives has been reduced by 99%. Body lead burdens have dropped in close correspondence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:The persistent threat of lead: medical and sociological issues. 306 40

An example of health education attempted by St. Mary's Hospital Lacor, Gulu, Uganda produced ambivalent results. The Acholi people in the area believe that "ebino" or false tooth, which is what they call the erupting canine teeth in 4-7 month-old infants, causes diarrhea, fever, convulsions and failure to thrive. They therefore remove the tooth buds, using unhygienic conditions, causing such complications as infection, hemorrhage, anemia, osteomyelitis, septicemia, meningitis, tetanus and sometimes death. In 1982 the hospital workers changed their attitude from one of contempt and hostility to acceptance, teaching people about the complications of removing false teeth. Attempts at education have resulted in an increase in late, more seriously ill cases in 1980-82; a great increase in cases brought to the hospital in 1983; followed by admissions sooner after the procedure with only 7% deaths in 1983-84. Recently very young babies have been brought in, having been operated on before any gingival swelling would be apparent. Surveys of hospital personnel showed that a majority of them favor the operation, but prefer it to be done in the hospital with aseptic techniques. The current approach is to express confidence in mothers' natural intelligence and ability to understand the subject presented to them clearly.
 ...
PMID:Influence of health education on local beliefs. Incomplete success, or partial failure. 362 99

An analysis is presented of data on all 30 129 inpatient admissions to a mission hospital in the West Nile District of Uganda in the 27 year period from July 1951 to August 1978. For most of this period the hospital was staffed by the same two doctors. For each patient admitted, a record was made of their age (adult or child), sex, place of residence, duration of stay in hospital, diagnosis and vital status at discharge. The annual number of admissions increased steadily from around 300 in 1952 to over 1600 in 1966 and subsequently declined to about 900 in 1977. Sixty-five per cent of admissions were medical, 12% surgical, 11% obstetric and 9% gynaecological. Thirty per cent of admissions were children (aged 0-9 years). Forty-five per cent of admissions were from those resident in the same county as the hospital and another 20% were from an immediately adjacent county. Infective and parasitic conditions (including respiratory diseases) accounted for over 60% of admissions among children and over 38% of admissions among adults (excluding obstetric patients). The six most common causes of admission were: uncomplicated delivery (2308 admissions), pneumonia (2020), hookworm (1999), malaria (1806), schistosomiasis (1742) and diarrhoea (1041). In total 1960 deaths were recorded (6.5% of all admissions). High case fatality rates were observed for tetanus (61%), immaturity (54%), meningitis (38%), kwashiorkor (21%), other malnutrition (19%) and anaemia (19%). A striking increase in the number of admissions for measles was observed in the period 1976 to 1978. Admission rates for schistosomiasis (S. mansoni) appeared to be highest from counties adjacent to the Nile and 104 deaths were recorded among the 1742 patients with this as the primary diagnosis. Admissions for diabetes, as a percentage of all admissions increased from 0.2% in 1951-54 to 1.5% at the end of the study period. Marked seasonal variations in admission patterns were found for diarrhoea, measles, meningitis and respiratory infections, the last two, but not diarrhoea, being most common in the wettest months. Admissions for malaria showed no strong seasonal associations. Despite the limitations of hospital-based data, it is argued that the data analysed provide a reasonable indication of the important causes of severe morbidity and mortality in the district. Furthermore, some of the changes in admission patterns over time are likely to represent true changes in disease rates rather than artefacts of diagnosis or referral. The analyses presented indicate the value of simple record systems, carefully maintained.
 ...
PMID:Admissions to a rural hospital in the West Nile District of Uganda over a 27 year period. 378 13

A four - month old boy with Salmonella Typhimurium meningitis is presented. This patient was admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of staphylococcal pneumonia, pyo-pneumothorax, cardiac failure and anemia. He has been treated for 18 days and he was discharged in good condition. Two days after discharge patient was readmitted with a fever, vomiting and feeding problem. In physical examination, stiff neck and bulging of the fontanel were remarkable. Examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has revealed meningitis and cultures of blood and CSF specimens were positive for S. typhimurium. It was sensitive only to trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole and netilmicin. Trimethoprim sulphamethoxazole (IM) and netilmicin (IV) were given. At the fifth day of this treatment patient expired. Postmortem examination has revealed the same agent in both meninges tissue and CSF cultures.
 ...
PMID:[Salmonella meningitis]. 636 87

The protean manifestations of Legionnaires' disease are described in an analysis of 12 sporadic cases. Two forms of the disease have been delineated. One variant (Group A) consisted of six patients who had a mild form of non-progressive pneumonia with minimum extra-pulmonary involvement. Six patients (Group B) were differentiated by rapidly progressive pulmonary infiltrates, severe hypoxia and respiratory failure, plus a higher frequency of band neutrophils and extra-pulmonary manifestations. Particularly notable were evidence of severe myositis (elevated creatinine phosphokinase and lactate dehydrogenase), anaemia, and neurological findings which included alterations in the sensorium, meningitis, and convulsions. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities were seen frequently in patients with neurological manifestations, and necropsy findings in one patient suggested that the Legionnaires' bacillus was capable of producing a fatal leucoencephalitis. Renal findings included haematuria, proteinuria and oliguric renal failure. Hepatic transaminases (SGPT, SGOT) were elevated in six patients and serum bilirubin was abnormal in five. Alkaline phosphatase values were normal to minimally elevated. The gastrointestinal symptoms commonly considered to be a frequent initial manifestation of Legionnaires' disease were rare in this series. Recommendations for instituting empirical therapy, based upon recognition of a clinical syndrome which should suggest the diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease, are included.
 ...
PMID:The protean manifestations of Legionnaires' disease. 663 Oct 29


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>