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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We investigated the relationship between fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and mean red cell volume (MCV) in 103 diabetic patients. Patients were selected among those admitted to our Diabetic Clinic according to the following criteria: absence of anemia, polycytemia, liver disease and use of drugs other than antidiabetic agents. All patients had peripheral blood profile performed on admission on a fasting venous sample for MCV and FPG. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.336; p less than 0.0005) was found between MCV and FPG in individual patients and when analyzed as a whole group. Patients were then divided into two subgroups according to FPG, using the value of 200 mg/dl as an arbitrary limit. The correlation between MCV and FPG remained significant, though weak (r = 0.243; 0.10 greater than p greater than 0.05) only in the subgroup with FPG greater than 200 mg/dl (n = 36). Therefore our data suggest a relationship between FPG and MCV in diabetic patients with FPG exceeding 200 mg/dl. The nature of this relation is only a matter of speculation.
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PMID:Increased mean red cell volume in diabetes mellitus. 378 9

Early administration of vitamin E to low birth weight (less than 1500 g) infants results in alleviation of the symptoms of retinopathy of prematurity and a lowered incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage. If vitamin E is given to children with cholestatic liver disease (orally or parenterally) before 3 years of age, neurological symptoms such as areflexia, ataxia, and sensory neuropathy are prevented or reversed. Restitution of neurological function is more limited in children ages 5-17 years even after prolonged therapy. Vitamin E is also useful in prevention of neuropathy and retinopathy associated with abetalipoproteinemia and cystic fibrosis. Blood levels of tocopherol are often low in subjects with hemolytic anemias. Administration of vitamin E to G-6-P-D-deficient subjects increased hemoglobin levels, and decreased the number of irreversibly sickled cells in sickle-cell anemia subjects. Most trials have indicated that administration of vitamin E for 6 months or more to subjects with intermittent claudication results in longer walking distance and improved blood flow. Vitamin E reduces platelet aggregation, platelet adhesion to collagen, and platelet thromboxane production. Prostacyclin production is generally enhanced. The significance of these effects to thrombotic diseases. Epidemiological studies have indicated that subjects with higher blood levels of vitamin E have lower risk of death from ischemic heart disease and cancer, a lower risk of breast cancer, and a lower incidence of infections.
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PMID:Clinical uses of vitamin E. 391 44

Spur cell anemia of liver disease is a hemolytic process characterized by spiculated erythrocytes and an elevated red cell membrane cholesterol/phospholipid (C/PL) molar ratio. This form of anemia is associated almost exclusively with adults in the advanced stages of alcoholic cirrhosis. We were therefore surprised to identify two unrelated infants with cholestatic liver disease and hemolytic anemia who had spiculated erythrocytes as the major abnormal cell form on peripheral smear. Erythrocyte membrane cholesterol and phospholipid determinations from these patients were compared with six infants with extrahepatic biliary atresia and target-shaped erythrocytes and with five normal adults. Erythrocyte C/PL molar ratio distinguished target cells from normal erythrocytes (p less than 0.01). The spur cell patients' erythrocyte C/PL molar ratios were clearly greater than either target cell patients or normal controls (1.30 vs. 1.02 vs. 0.84). Both patients' spur cell anemia resolved and target cells became the major abnormal erythrocyte form. These studies identify a transient form of spur cell anemia associated with infantile cholestatic liver disease. The factors leading to the formation of spur cell anemia in infancy require further investigation.
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PMID:Erythrocyte lipid alterations in pediatric cholestatic liver disease: spur cell anemia of infancy. 403 66

Zinc is an essential trace element. Previous methods of measuring zinc in clinical material have been difficult and reported findings must be treated with caution. Using atomic absorption spectroscopy it has been established that plasma zinc is one of the most uniform biochemical characteristics of normal adult blood. Sex and age differences in adult life are insignificant. Increased metabolic activity, on the other hand, induces a marked, immediate fall in plasma zinc level. The possible implications of this are discussed. Zinc levels in patients with diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and anaemia due to acute blood loss have been within normal limits. Plasma zinc is low in certain types of liver disease.
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PMID:Measurements of plasma zinc. I. In health and disease. 530 55

A 32-year-old woman with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis had autoimmune hemolytic anemia associated with reticulocytopenia and thrombocytopenia despite an intensely erythroid bone marrow. Her anemia was successfully treated with oral prednisolone and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone, with a rapid response of reticulocytosis and sustained erythrocytosis. Tiopronin therapy was later initiated and resulted in fever, rash, exacerbation of the liver disease, and positive direct and indirect antiglobulin tests.
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PMID:Primary biliary cirrhosis. A patient with adverse reactions to tiopronin and autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia. 622 29

Centrilobular hypoxia has been postulated as a mechanism for the development of hepatocellular necrosis and fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease. Chronic ethanol ingestion in rodents results in increased hepatic oxygen consumption and in a steeper fall in oxygen tension between the periportal and the pericentral area of the lobule, rendering the pericentral area susceptible to hypoxia. Hepatocellular necrosis occurs when ethanol-fed animals are exposed to low atmospheric oxygen. In man, the existence of a hypermetabolic state is more tenuous, but suggested by an increased rate of ethanol elimination after chronic ethanol consumption that has been linked to increased oxygen consumption in animals. Also, decreases in hepatic blood flow and hepatic vein oxygen tension were found in alcoholics with histological evidence of liver-cell necrosis as compared to those without necrosis. It is postulated that in man, reduction in the availability of oxygen to the liver may be caused by miscellaneous conditions such as anemia, respiratory depression or infection, cigarette-smoking, or reduction of hepatic blood flow, but the contribution of one or more of these factors remains to be proven. Trials of the effect of propylthiouracil (PTU) on alcoholic hepatitis are based on the effect of this drug in decreasing the ethanol-induced hypermetabolic state and in preventing hepatocellular necrosis in animals exposed to low atmospheric oxygen. A tentative conclusion of the two small trials that have been completed is that PTU may be beneficial in moderately ill patients with a low mortality, but not useful in severely ill patients with a high mortality.
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PMID:Commentary on the hypermetabolic state and the role of oxygen in alcohol-induced liver injury. 637 79

Hyperbilirubinemia was present in 387 out of 1279 sick cattle admitted to the clinic of the Ontario Veterinary College. One hundred and ninety five of these had a total serum bilirubin of 17 mumol/L or greater. Clinical records, laboratory data and when available, pathology reports from these 195 animals were examined in an attempt to explain the reason for the high bilirubin levels. The hyperbilirubinemia in 187 of these was mainly due to an increase in unconjugated bilirubin. Jaundice, liver disease or anemia was not a feature and alkaline phosphatase was not elevated. The 195 animals with hyperbilirubinemia suffered from a variety of diseases that seemingly were unrelated to the increased bilirubin. The most frequently described signs were anorexia and rumen stasis. Liver disease was diagnosed in eight animals and in these clinical jaundice, and increased conjugated bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase was a feature. It was concluded that hyperbilirubinemia occurred in many diseases of cattle and in most instances was related to a failure of the liver to remove unconjugated bilirubin from the serum rather than to a failure of the liver to excrete conjugated bilirubin.
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PMID:Hyperbilirubinemia in sick cattle. 647 94

KM 2210, a combination product of 17 beta-estradiol and chlorambucil, was administered to 15 patients with advanced (stage C and D) prostatic carcinoma. We studied the clinical efficacy and the drug concentration in the blood and prostatic tissues. The administered doses were 100 mg or 150 mg p.o., in 2 or 3 divided doses/day (or every other day in a few cases) for periods ranging from 30 to 369 days; the maximum total dose was 42.5 g. Objective clinical responses, according to the criteria by Shida et al., were observed in 6 (40%) patients. Side effects included gastrointestinal symptoms, e.g. loss of appetite or nausea, anemia and leukopenia. No obvious hepatic disorder was observed.
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PMID:[Clinical application of KM 2210 (estradiol-chlorambucil) in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma]. 654 48

A study of 510 patients in Scotland and northeastern England with histological evidence of alcohol-induced liver disease showed no difference in the age of presentation between males and females. Single men and widowed females were particularly susceptible to alcoholic liver disease. The social class distribution was similar to the population in general. Women were more reluctant to volunteer a history of alcoholism than men, they had a higher incidence of previous psychiatric illness (usually due to alcohol abuse) and they developed liver disease at lower consumption thresholds of alcohol than men. Patients under 40 years of age were more likely to have alcoholic fatty liver and less likely to have active cirrhosis than those over 40. Most often, the presenting symptoms were non-specific and tended to be related to the gastrointestinal system, particularly in women. Five per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 14% came to hospital for conditions other than alcoholic liver disease. Important clues to asymptomatic alcoholic liver disease included hepatomegaly, clubbing of the fingers and abnormal liver function tests. Gastro-oesophageal varices accounted for 40% of instances of haemorrhage and the mortality from upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 17%. Anaemia was the most common haematological abnormality. Alcoholic hepatitis was observed more frequently in the Glasgow area then elsewhere.
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PMID:Alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: presenting features in 510 patients. 660 94

Complete hemograms were evaluated for 57 rats with mononuclear cell leukemia and compared to hemograms obtained from 52 age- and sex-matched nonleukemic rats. All leukemic rats had marked hemolytic anemia and associated spherocytosis, reticulocytosis, anisocytosis, and polychromasia. The anemia varied with the stage of illness and was more severe in rts with advanced leukemia. Death appeared to be related to anemia. There was a marked neutrophilia with left shift, mild lymphopenia, and moderate to severe thrombocytopenia. Atypical mononuclear cells were detected in circulation in all but three rats. Total white blood cell counts ranged from 5.0-370 x 10(3) cells/ml. There was an increase in erythrocyte osmotic fragility with separation into two distinct populations of erythrocytes. Eight of nine rats were Coombs' positive indicating an immune-mediated pathogenesis for the anemia. Hemostasis tests revealed a markedly prolonged prothrombin time, hypofibrinogenemia, slightly increased to normal partial thromboplastin time, and undetected fibrin degradation products. These findings suggest significant liver disease associated with the leukemia.
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PMID:Pathology of the mononuclear cell leukemia of Fischer rats. II. Hematology. 664 39


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