Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of pancreatic involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is presented. The patient, a 63-year-old man had a large tumor in the head of the pancreas, without obstructive jaundice. Invasion of the tumor into the duodenum and transverse colon induced progressive anemia and ileus. Therefore, pancreatoduodenectomy and right hemicolectomy were performed, although a definitive preoperative diagnosis was not obtained. This tumor was identified, by histopathology and immunohistochemistry, as diffuse mixed type lymphoma with a B-cell phenotype. Postoperatively, the patient had severe congestive heart failure, and he died without receiving chemotherapy. It is important to establish a definitive diagnosis for this disease, to remove the tumor, and to treat the patient with appropriate chemotherapy.
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PMID:Pancreatic involvement by non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 1118 Aug 96

TS-1, a novel oral formation of 5-fluorouracil that consists of 1M tegafur (5-FU), 0.4M CDHP and 1M Oxo, is reported to achieve a higher response rate of 49% in patients with advanced gastric cancer in a late phase II study. We report a case of recurrent gastric cancer that responded significantly to the short-term administration of TS-1. A 73-year-old man, who had undergone a curative distal gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy 2 years earlier, had presented with obstructive jaundice resulting from cancerous lymphadenopathy. PTCD was performed for drainage, but cholestasis disappeared completely through the two courses of oral administration of TS-1. The serum level of transaminase and bilirubin remained within normal limits, even with PTCD unequipped, until the patient died of the original disease. The adverse effects observed with the drug were anemia (grade 1) and skin pigmentation (grade 2), both of which improved soon after discontinuing the medication. In conclusion, TS-1 may be well-tolerable and effective in some cases of terminal-stage and/or recurrent gastric cancer, especially those associated with obstructive jaundice arising from the cancerous lymphadenopathy, in that patient QOL can be maintained to a much greater extent.
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PMID:[Case report: a recurrent gastric cancer in the terminal stage, associated with obstructive jaundice which responded significantly to oral administration of TS-1]. 1168 Dec 55

Eighty cases (63 Males and 17 Females) of sickle cell disease were searched for gall stone by ultrasonography, 8 (10%) cases had gall stone. Gall stones were more common in males (11.1%) than females (5.8%). It was not found below 13 years of age. Three cases had single and five cases had multiple gall stones. Three of them had thickened gall bladder wall. Typical biliary colic was uncommon (1 case). There was no case of obstructive jaundice. HbF% level was significantly lower in cases with gall stone (12.31 +/- 3.95) than without gall stones (16.73 +/- 6.30). Episodes of aggravated anaemia and total serum bilirubin was significantly higher (1.27/pt and 4.12 +/- 1.34 mg%) in cases with gall stone than without gall stone (0.31/pt and 2.74 +/- 1.47 mg%). The above findings suggest association of greater degree of haemolysis with formation of gall stone in sickle cell disease cases.
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PMID:Cholelithiasis in sickle cell disease in India. 1252 Oct 86

Children with end-stage liver disease have been found to have cognitive deficits. The aim of this study was to examine whether cholestatic jaundice causes spatial deficits in rats and if these cognitive deficits are reversed by biliary drainage. Rats were randomly divided into three groups. In the first group, the bile duct was ligated for 3 weeks (BDL group); in the second group, the proximal bile duct was ligated with a Broviac CV catheter for 2 weeks followed by a tube bilioduodenostomy (TBD group); in the third group, a sham operation was performed (SHAM group). All the surviving rats were assessed for spatial learning and memory (a major cognitive function in rats) by the Morris water maze task about 3 weeks after the first operation. Blood was aspirated by cardiocentesis and assayed for total bilirubin, albumin, ammonia, and hemoglobin levels on the day following the water maze task. During the four consecutive acquisition trial days of the Morris water maze, jaundiced rats (BDL group) had a significant longer latency to escape than the SHAM group ( p < 0.05). Rats that underwent biliary decompression for 1 week (TBD group) showed improved status of the spatial deficit, as they required less time to reach the escape platform, approaching the performance of the SHAM group. The BDL group had a significantly higher serum ammonia level, higher bilirubin level, and lower hemoglobin level than the other two groups. After biliary decompression for 1 week, the serum albumin concentration in the TBD group still did not return to the level of the SHAM group. The results of this study suggest that long-term cholestasis results in spatial memory deficits in rats that correlate with anemia and hyperbilirubinemia encephalopathy. Early biliary decompression of obstructive jaundice improves spatial memory deficits, possibly related to the recovery of the serum ammonia and hemoglobin levels.
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PMID:Obstructive jaundice in rats: cause of spatial memory deficits with recovery after biliary decompression. 1496 Nov 95

The diagnosis of congenital dyserythropioetic anemia-type II (CDA-II) was established in 1974 in three siblings aged 20, 18 and 5 years, respectively. Liver biopsy performed in two elder siblings on admission revealed liver siderosis. Anemia showing haemolytic component with destruction of erythrocytes in the spleen was corrected after splenectomy. Increased number of erythrocytes showing "the double membrane phenomenon" was found in the peripheral blood after splenectomy. All three siblings developed cholecystolithiasis with choledocholithiasis and obstructive jaundice in two of them. Two patients at the age of 49 and 34 years (the third died in an accident at the age of 40 years) developed 29 years after the diagnosis of CDA-II had been established signs of iron overload with transferin saturation 99%, serum ferritin 1450.4 microg/l and 1131.7 microg/l respectively, and hepatic iron concentration (dry weight) 14,843 microg/g and 15,415 microg/g (norm 70-1400 microg/g) respectively. No mutations of HFE gene (C282Y and H63D) were found. Liver biopsy showed heavy accumulation of hemosiderin in hepatocytes and reticuloendothelial cells. The structure of the liver tissue was not changed, only mild fibrosis in portal area was present in the older patient. Because of iron overload therapy with phlebotomy once monthly (400 ml) has been started in both patients. In peripheral blood films excess of Pappenheimer bodies was found.
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PMID:[Congenital dyserythropoietic anemia--type II (CDA-II) in 3 siblings with long-term follow up and iron overload]. 1574 56

Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) consists a rare neoplasm, developing in small intestine and stomach. The presenting manifastations include weakness, weight loss, nausea, melena and anaemia. The present case refers to a 65 years old female patient with a GIST of the ampulla of Vater presenting with obstructive jaundice. Diagnosis was achieved pre-operatively by biopsies collected through diagnostic ERCP. The tumour was locally excised, with preservation of the ampulla. The histological analysis suggested low grade GIST positive for both CD 117 (c-kit) and CD34. Two years after the surgery the patient remains free of disease. Malignant GIST of the ampulla of the Vater is extremely rare as only few similar cases have been described in the literature. This is the first time a GIST being presented as obstructive jaundice ever reported. Despite the unavailability of EUS-FNA, the diagnosis was set preoperatively and the tumor was resected.
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PMID:Malignant gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the ampulla of Vater presenting with obstructive jaundice. 1685 23

The patient was a 61-year-old man who suffered from advanced gastric cancer, and a distal gastrectomy was performed (T3N2P1CY1, Stage IV). He was treated with chemotherapy of TS-1 alone (100 mg/day, days 1-28 with two weeks rest). Six months later he complained of lumbago and appetite loss, then was admitted to the hospital with obstructive jaundice. Total bilirubin (T-Bil) was increased to 11.3 mg/dl. CT scan examination revealed peritoneal dissemination with much ascites and dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. Endoscopic drainage was tried, but was discontinued due to stenosis of gastroduodenal anastomosis. Ultimately, T-Bil was elevated to 25.2 mg/dl, and he could not sleep comfortably because of a severe itch and an irritating feeling. Weekly paclitaxel therapy was started (70 mg/m(2), day 1, 8, 15, once a week for 3 weeks followed by a week rest as one cycle). One month after the first infusion therapy, the obstructive jaundice was notably improved and the ascites disappeared completely, so he was discharged. For about one year, he was treated with this chemotherapy as an outpatient. The toxic events were anemia (grade 3) and alopecia (grade 1).
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PMID:[Weekly paclitaxel therapy effective for gastric cancer with obstructive jaundice due to peritoneal dissemination--a case report]. 1722 Jun 81

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare tumors of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that arise from primitive mesenchymal cells. Gastrointestinal stromal tumors account for approximately 80% all of gastrointestinal mesenchymal tumors. Duodenal stromal tumors (DSTs) manifest with unexplained melena, pain, bleeding, anemia, sometimes a partial duodenal obstruction and, rarely, with obstructive jaundice. If the tumor is successfully treated, its prognosis is usually good because of its non-aggressive nature. If resected, the prognosis is favorable in a majority of cases, and it is much better than in carcinomas of the duodenum. In this article, we report a case of DST originating from the first and second portion of the duodenum. Our patient did not have any problems postoperatively and remained symptom-free at 18 months after surgery.
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PMID:Duodenal stromal tumor: report of a case. 1746 27

The jaundice that develops after obstruction of the common duct in the absence of complications, expresses the physiological wastage of corpuscles occurring from day to day; and the intensity of the bilirubinemia varies as does the total of functioning hemoglobin-containing tissue from which this wastage takes place. There is to be observed a constantly readjusted direct relationship between hemoglobin percentage, bilirubinemia, and, by corollary, bilirubinuria. Induced losses of red cells find expression at once in a lessened accumulation and excretion of bile pigment; and as the regeneration of hemoglobin takes place the amount of bile pigment increases pari passu both in plasma and urine. The jaundice of bile retention is far less pronounced during secondary anemia than when the individual is full blooded, other things being equal. During uncomplicated obstructive jaundice the intercurrent changes in bilirubinemia correspond closely with those in circulating hemoglobin even when tissue icterus is of long standing. The fact indicates the presence of a barrier to the distribution of bile pigment from the blood, and such a barrier is to be found in the walls of the vessels. Its influence is at once evident on comparing lymph specimens and blood specimens from the long jaundiced animal. The amount of bile pigment in the lymph is then seen to be negligible, relatively speaking. Tissue icterus should be thought of as, ordinarily, the highly imperfect secondary expression of a condition which tends to be localized to the blood pool. On occasion more pigment than usual may escape from this pool, as for example into the wheats of the yellow urticaria described by clinicians.
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PMID:JAUNDICE AS AN EXPRESSION OF THE PHYSIOLOGICAL WASTAGE OF CORPUSCLES. 1986 12

Duodenal intussusception is a rare entity. To date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature. In this report, a case of duodenal intussusception due to an unusual tumor was presented and the clinical features of this entity were discussed. A 42-year-old man with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome presented with epigastric pain, vomiting, and severe anemia. Computed tomography scan revealed synchronous duodenojejunal and jejunojejunal intussusceptions. An emergency laparotomy revealed a polypoid mass originating from the lateral wall of the descending duodenum with intussusception of the distal duodenum. Histological examination demonstrated a poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma with muscularis infiltration, vascular invasion, and a Ki-67 index of 20%. A comprehensive literature search revealed 44 English reports that provided adequate descriptions of an additional 47 such cases. Clinical presentation was usually chronic and nonspecific. Diagnostic modalities included ultrasonography, upper gastrointestinal series, computed tomography, and endoscopy. Five patients were due to a non-neoplastic lesion; however, the other 43 patients were secondary to a tumor, benign in 35 cases and malignant in eight cases. Only one patient was treated by endoscopic polypectomy, whereas the remaining underwent open surgeries. Duodenal intussusception is a challenging condition due to its rarity and nonspecific presentation. It should be considered in the differential diagnosis of gastric outlet obstruction, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, pancreatitis, and obstructive jaundice.
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PMID:Duodenal intussusception due to a giant neuroendocrine carcinoma in a patient with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome: case report and systematic review. 2235 85


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