Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Malignant melanoma metastases in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are found in more than 60% of autopsies on patients who have died with disseminated melanoma; however, the rate of GIT metastases detected clinically averages only 2%. This discrepancy seems to be attributed to the nonspecific symptoms and signs of GIT involvement, which include weakness, fatigue, bleeding, anemia, and abdominal pain. Sometimes a diagnosis is only made when bowel obstruction occurs. We report a case of long-term survival after surgery for multiple melanoma metastases in the gastrointestinal tract and review the relevant literature. Both our case report and the literature review demonstrate the benefits of surgery for patients with melanoma metastases in the GIT. We also stress the need for meticulous follow-up, detailed history-taking, and rapid evaluation of any vague and unclear abdominal signs and symptoms for patients with melanoma.
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PMID:Gastrointestinal metastases from malignant melanoma: report of a case. 1517 May 54

BACKGROUND: Malignant small bowel tumors are very rare and leiomyosarcoma accounts for less than 15% of the cases. Management of these tumors is challenging in view of nonspecific symptoms, unusual presentation and high incidence of metastasis. In this case report, an unusual presentation of jejunal sarcoma and management of liver metastasis with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is discussed. CASE PRESENTATION: A 45-year-old male presented with anemia and features of small bowel obstruction. Operative findings revealed a mass lesion in jejunum with intussusception of proximal loop. Resection of bowel mass was performed. Histopathological findings were suggestive of leiomyosarcoma. After 3-years of follow-up, the patient developed recurrence in infracolic omentum and a liver metastasis. The omental mass was resected and liver lesion was managed with radiofrequency ablation. CONCLUSION: Jejunal leiomyosarcoma is a rare variety of malignant small bowel tumor and a clinical presentation with intussusception is unusual. We suggest that an aggressive management approach using a combination of surgery and a newer technique like RFA can be attempted in patients with limited metastatic spread to liver to prolong the long-term survival in a subset of patients.
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PMID:An unusual presentation of a malignant jejunal tumor and a different management strategy. 1563 46

Colon and rectum hemangioma is a rare disease, and even more so when it presents as cavernous subtype; few of these hemangioma have been confirmed by pathology reports. The main presentation of this disease is observed by transrectal painless bleeding; other manifestations are less frequent. Diagnosis implies high index of suspicion and proper diagnostic workup; this entity has been frequently misdiagnosed as other more common entities. We present the case of a 15-year-old female patient with a cavernous hemangioma of the sigmoid colon; her principal complaint was abdominal pain. Diagnosis was suspected due to the finding of phleboliths in plain abdominal film and diagnostic findings in colonoscopy. The patient was treated by means of segmental resection of the colon and experienced a satisfactory postoperatory recovery. According to the literature, these hemangiomas originate from embryologic sequestrations of mesodermal tissue, while clinically they usually present between the ages of 5 and 25 years, most commonly with painless transrectal bleeding and less frequently with intestinal obstruction, tenesmus, urgency, abdominal pain or mass, and anemia. The majority of these hemangiomas are localized in rectosigmoid region of the colon and may infiltrate surrounding tissues; 26-50% show phleboliths in plain abdominal film. Colonoscopy is considered by many authors the best diagnostic tool; angiography, computed tomography (CT) scan and scintigraphy may be also useful. The only effective treatment of this disease is complete surgical resection, for which there have been many proposals regarding best method and approach.
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PMID:[Cavernous hemangioma of the colon. Case report and review of the literature]. 1575 58

The key points of this article are anorexia and cachexia are: A major cause of cancer deaths. Several drugs are available to treat anorexia and cachexia. Dyspnea in cancer usually is caused by several factors. Treatment consists of reversing underlying causes, empiric bronchodilators, cortico-steroids--and in the terminally ill patients-opioids, benzodiazepines,and chlorpromazine. Delirium is associated with advanced cancer. Empiric treatment with neuroleptics while evaluating for reversible causes is a reasonable approach to management. Nausea and vomiting are caused by extra-abdominal factors (drugs,electrolyte abnormalities, central nervous system metastases) or intra-abdominal factors (gastroparesis, ileus, gastric outlet obstruction, bowel obstruction). The pattern of nausea and vomiting differs depending upon whether the cause is extra- or intra-abdominal. Reversible causes should be sought and empiric metoclopramide or haloperidol should be initiated. Fatigue may be caused by anemia, depression, endocrine abnormalities,or electrolyte disturbances that should be treated before using empiric methylphenidate. Constipation should be treated with laxatives and stool softeners. Both should start with the first opioid dose.
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PMID:Common symptoms in advanced cancer. 1583 69

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the acute toxicity of oral exposure to nanoscale zinc powder in mice. The healthy adult male and female mice were gastro-intestinally administered at a dose of 5 g/kg body weight with two size particles, nanoscale zinc (N-Zn) and microscale zinc (M-Zn) powder, while one group mice treated with sodium carboxy methyl cellulose was used as the control. The symptoms and mortality after zinc powder treatment were recorded. The effects of particles on the blood-element, the serum biochemical level and the blood coagulation were studied after 2 weeks of administration. The organs were collected for histopathological examination. The N-Zn treated mice showed more severe symptoms of lethargy, vomiting and diarrhea in the beginning days than the M-Zn mice. Deaths of two mice occurred in the N-Zn group after the first week of treatment. The mortalities were confirmed by intestinal obstruction of the nanoscale zinc aggregation. The biochemical liver function tests of serum showed significantly elevated ALT, AST, ALP, and LDH in the M-Zn mice and ALT, ALP, and LDH in the N-Zn mice compared with the controls (P<0.05), which indicated that the liver damage was probably induced by both micro- and nano-scale zinc powders. The clinical changes were observed in the two treated group mice as well. The levels of the above enzymes were generally higher in the M-Zn mice than in the N-Zn mice, which implied that M-Zn powder could induce more severe liver damage than N-Zn. The biochemical renal function tests of serum BUN and CR in the M-Zn mice markedly increased either compared with the N-Zn mice or with the controls (P<0.05), but no significant difference was found between the N-Zn and the control mice. However, severe renal lesions were found by the renal histopathological examination in the N-Zn exposed mice. Therefore, we concluded that severe renal damage could occur in the N-Zn treated mice, though no significant change of blood biochemical levels occurred. Blood-element test showed that in the N-Zn mice, PLT and RDW-CV significantly increased, and HGB and HCT significantly decreased compared to the controls, which indicated that N-Zn powder could cause severe anemia. Besides the pathological lesions in the liver, renal, and heart tissue, only slight stomach and intestinal inflammation was found in all the zinc treated mice, without significant pathological changes in other organs.
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PMID:Acute toxicity of nano- and micro-scale zinc powder in healthy adult mice. 1616 31

To determine the pattern of antibiotic therapy and clinical outcome a prospective survey of all patients operated on for acute generalized peritonitis was undertaken. The male to female ratio was 1.7:1, and the mean age was 27.6 +/- 18.3 years. Operative findings were typhoid ilea perforation in 75 (38.1%), complicated acute intestinal obstruction in 44 (22.3%), complicated and uncomplicated acute appendicitis in 34 (17.3%), peptic ulcer perforation in 18 (9%) and traumatic intestinal injury in 11 (5.6%), representing the majority of the patients. A combination of chloramphenicol, gentamicin and metronidazole was given to 80 (40.6%), ampiclox, gentamicin and metronidazole to 72 (36.5%), ampiclox and gentamicin to 21 (10.6%) and other combinations to 5. A single antibiotic was administered in 13 (6.6%), that is clavulanate-amoxicillin, ampiclox, and cefuroxime. Antibiotics were changed in 37 patients (18.8%): to amoxicillin-clavulanate in 13, cefuroxime in 11, ceftriazone in 7, cefuroxime and metronidazole in 4 and amoxicillin-clavulanate and metronidazole in 2 patients. Postoperative complications were mainly wound infection in 105 (42.6%), wound dehiscence in 33 (16.7%), residual intra-abdominal sepsis in 19 (9.6%), residual intra-abdominal abscess in 17 (8.6%), postoperative chest infection in 14 (7%), incisional hernia in 11 (5.6%), anaemia in 6, faecal fistula in 5 and there was a mortality of 15.7%.
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PMID:Pattern of antibiotic therapy and clinical outcome in acute generalized peritonitis in semi-urban and rural Nigerians. 1656 39

An 8-year-old female Persian cat was brought in for evaluation of chronic vomiting. The presence of opaque enteric foreign bodies and intestinal obstruction along with azotaemia, hyperphosphataemia, moderate anaemia and peritoneal fluid were revealed following appropriate diagnostic work-up. Exploratory laparotomy confirmed jejunoileal dilation, ileocaecal stenosis, and numerous foreign objects in the jejunoileum. These foreign objects and ileocaecal stenosis were surgically removed, and intestinal resection and anastomosis was performed. The patient recovered favourably. Analysis revealed that the foreign objects were composed of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Intestinal inflammation and stenosis secondary to enterolithiasis may have developed following ingestion of cat litter or a previous unrelated surgical intervention. We were unable to delineate the inciting pathogenesis in this particular case.
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PMID:Enterolithiasis in a cat. 1676 27

Capsule endoscopy is a new technique for the study of small intestine particularly in cases of obscure gastro-intestinal bleeding or chronic iron-deficiency anemia. In our study we present a case of 62 years-old man with a chronic iron-deficiency anaemia developed at least six months before and refractory to iron therapy. The patient was submitted to upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy and to partial colonscopy due to abdominal adhesions for previous abdominal surgery. A capsule endoscopy was indicated to achieve a definitive diagnosis. Wich discosed an intestinal obstruction. So far a surgical resolution was indicated. The surgery revealed a stricturing neoplasia of the cecum in which the capsule endoscopy was retained.
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PMID:[Incidental diagnosis of caecum adenocarcinoma due to retention of endoscopic videocapsule: a clinical case]. 1690 Aug 42

Brunner's gland hamartomas are rare, benign small bowel tumours. There were fewer than 150 cases reported in the English literature until the end of the last century. These hamartomas may be discovered incidentally during an upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy. Otherwise, they may be diagnosed in patients presenting with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, anemia or symptoms of intestinal obstruction. The case of a young woman admitted for acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding along with acute pancreatitis is presented. The investigation revealed a giant Brunner's gland hamartoma in the second part of the duodenum. After total endoscopic resection of the tumour, the patient has remained completely asymptomatic for a follow-up period of seven months.
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PMID:Acute pancreatitis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding as presenting symptoms of duodenal Brunner's gland hamartoma. 1695 52

Women dying of ovarian cancer vary considerably in their complications and in the types of health care they receive. The objective of this study was to describe the complications of ovarian cancer, other than pain, and their treatment at the end of life. This study used a cohort of 421 enrollees in three nonprofit managed-care organizations who died with ovarian cancer during 1995-2000. Data were collected from abstraction of paper and electronic medical records. Proportions of women experiencing complications and undergoing treatments were calculated. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association of patient characteristics with the probability of receiving an intervention for complications. The most common complications recorded in the medical record were fatigue or weakness (75%), nausea or vomiting (71%), constipation (49%), edema of the extremities (44%), and anemia (34%). The prevalence of major complications was as follows: ascites, 28%; bowel obstruction, 12%; pleural effusion, 10%; bladder obstruction, 3%; and disordered nutrition that required support with parenteral nutrition, 9%. Patients may not always have received interventions for major complications; for example, pleural effusion apparently was left untreated in almost half of the women with this problem. After adjustment, women who died at younger ages were more likely to receive an intervention, compared to older women (odds ratio for each decade of age, 0.71, 95% confidence interval=0.53, 0.94, P for trend=0.02). The study, which preceded the establishment of palliative care programs, suggests that care given to ovarian cancer patients at the end of life may be inadequate.
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PMID:Complications at the end of life in ovarian cancer. 1760 60


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