Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study investigated infection dynamics of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) by conducting two experiments to examine minimum infective dose and viral shedding of ISAV. In terms of minimum infective dose, the high variability between replicate tanks and the relatively slow spread of infection through the population at 1 x 10(1) TCID(50) mL(-1) indicated this dose is approaching the minimum infective dose for ISAV in seawater salmon populations. A novel qPCR assay incorporating an influenza virus control standard with each seawater sample was developed that enabled the quantity of ISAV shed from infected populations to be estimated in values equivalent to viral titres. Viral shedding was first detected at 7 days post-challenge (5.8 x 10(-2) TCID(50) mL(-1)kg(-1)) and rose to levels above the minimum infective dose (4.2 x 10(1) TCID(50) mL(-1)kg(-1)) on day 11 post-challenge, 2 days before mortalities in ISAV inoculated fish started. These results clearly demonstrate that a large viral shedding event occurs before death. Viral titres peaked at 7.0 x 10(1) TCID(50) mL(-1)kg(-1) 15 days post-infection. These data provide important information relevant to the management of ISA.
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PMID:An experimental investigation on aspects of infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) infection dynamics in seawater Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. 1953 41

Reports on the outcome of treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in dialysis patients are limited by small patient series, nonrandomized study designs, and few case-control studies. We reviewed 2 meta-analyses (Meta-1 and Meta-2) published in 2008, which analyzed sustained viral responses (SVR), adverse effects, and reasons for discontinuing treatment. Meta-1 analyzed the results obtained in 645 patients and Meta-2 the results in 459 patients (19 studies were duplicated). The overall SVR was 40%; the SVR in genotype 1 was 33%, with pegylated interferon providing few additional benefits over conventional interferon. Adverse events were reported in <50% of cases compiled in the meta-analyses. A high percentage of anemia was documented, although the use of erythropoietin, intravenous iron administration, or transfusions was not generally reported. A typical flu-like syndrome occurred in 41% of patients, requiring withdrawal of antiviral treatment in 11%. Severe adverse events were divided into the following groups: hormonal (thyroid): bone pain; cytopenia; gastrointestinal; immunological (prior graft rejection); central nervous system; cardiovascular; and infectious problems. The authors of the meta-analyses pointed out bias in the selection of candidates for treatment, limitations related to the number and type of adverse effects and their clinical evaluation, and in the cases of discontinuation of treatment or loss to follow-up. Additional studies reporting individual patient data are needed because the paucity of controlled studies limits generalization of the results to the population of dialysis patients.
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PMID:Results of hepatitis C virus treatment in patients on hemodialysis: data from published meta-analyses in 2008. 1971 37

Age-related declines in hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) function may contribute to anemia, poor response to vaccination, and tumorigenesis. Here, we show that mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activity is increased in HSCs from old mice compared to those from young mice. mTOR activation through conditional deletion of Tsc1 in the HSCs of young mice mimicked the phenotype of HSCs from aged mice in various ways. These included increased abundance of the messenger RNA encoding the CDK inhibitors p16(Ink4a), p19(Arf), and p21(Cip1); a relative decrease in lymphopoiesis; and impaired capacity to reconstitute the hematopoietic system. In old mice, rapamycin increased life span, restored the self-renewal and hematopoiesis of HSCs, and enabled effective vaccination against a lethal challenge with influenza virus. Together, our data implicate mTOR signaling in HSC aging and show the potential of mTOR inhibitors for restoring hematopoiesis in the elderly.
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PMID:mTOR regulation and therapeutic rejuvenation of aging hematopoietic stem cells. 1993 33

The adverse effects of antiviral drugs are dose dependent and often reversible. The major side effects include influenza-like symptoms, hematologic abnormalities and neuropsychiatric symptoms. The influenza-like syndrome can be prevented by paracetamol taken at the time of injection. Psychiatric adverse effects range from irritability to severe depressive syndrome. Antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors may be useful. Adverse hematologic effects can occur very early during treatment. The platelet count often stabilizes rapidly, but neutropenia can deteriorate throughout the treatment. In selected patients, treatment with hematopoietic growth factor (filgrastim) may be useful. Ribavirin therapy may result in a dose-dependent reversible intravascular hemolytic anemia in 10% of patients. Therapy with erythropoietin for ribavirin induced anemia can be useful; however, are insufficient data to recommend its routine use in all patients. Interferon and ribavirin are contraindicated in pregnancy. Contraception must be continued for 4 months (women) and 7 months (men) after ribavirin cessation. Lactic acidosis may be a rare complication of combination therapy in patients undergoing therapy for HIV and HCV. Any sign of mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome calls for blood lactate measurement and, possibly, a modification of antiretroviral treatment. Lamivudine is well tolerated but the emergence of lamivudine-resistant (YMDD) HBV mutants is associated with the loss of clinical response. Adefovir, entecavir, telbivudin and tenofovir effectively suppress lamivudine-resistant HCV in chronic hepatitis B.
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PMID:[Management of side effects during antiviral therapy]. 2019 9

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease is subacute, necrotizing lymphadenopathy affecting mainly young women, and manifested by cervical lymphadenopathy. It is often observed, and described in Asia, but in other world regions sporadically too. Etiology is unknown, but it has been postulated that this condition is induced by infectious factor. We described a case of 20-year-old Caucasian woman with diagnosis of Kikuchi-Fujimoto lymphadenopathy. First symptoms as a cervical lymph nodes enlargement 2 cm in diameter was associated with elevated body temperature, without associated symptoms of infection appeared about one year ago (data from history). Lymphadenopathy and general symptoms receded after empiric therapy with amoxicilin. Relapse of cervical lymphadenopathy alongshore sternocleidomastoid muscles bilateral to about 2 cm in diameter with pseudo-flu symptoms like fever and joints and muscles pains. Focal hiperpigmentation of abdomen, arms and legs skin appeared. In histopathology of collected lymph node histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenopathy without neutrophils infiltration Kikuchi type was diagnosed. In peripheral blood morphology transitional leucopenia 2.58 x 10(9)/l with granulocytopenia 0.64 x 10(9)/l was noted. Anemia and thrombocytopenia did not be observed. In serology active CMV, EBV or toxoplasmosis were excluded. In immunology presence of eleveted levels of anti-Jo, anti-nuclear and anticardiolipin antibodies was excluded too. Serum protein electrophoresis and additional biochemical parameters was normal. In chest X-ray and abdomen ultrasonography abnormalities was not found. In skin and muscles biopsy specimens focal parakeratosis was found. Despite no empiric antiinfectious therapy after 3-4 weeks remission of general symptoms and lymphadenopathy was noted.
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PMID:[Spontaneous remission of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (lymphadenopathy) with focal skin parakeratosis]. 2022 11

The European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) requires avian viral vaccines to be free of adventitious agents. Purity testing is an essential quality requirement of immunological veterinary medicinal products (IVMPs) and testing for extraneous agents includes monitoring for many different viruses. Conventional virus detection methods include serology or virus culture, however, molecular tests have become a valid alternative testing method. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) is fast, highly sensitive and has a higher degree of discrimination than conventional approaches. These advantages have led to the development and standardization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays for the detection of avian leucosis virus, avian orthoreovirus, infectious bursal disease virus, infectious bronchitis virus, Newcastle disease virus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus, influenza A virus, Marek's disease virus, turkey rhinotracheitis virus, egg drop syndrome virus, chicken anaemia virus, avian adenovirus and avian encephalomyelitis virus. This paper reviews the development, standardization and assessment of PCR for extraneous agent testing in IVMPs with examples from an Official Medicines Control Laboratory (OMCL).
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PMID:Development, standardization and assessment of PCR systems for purity testing of avian viral vaccines. 2033 85

Infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV) is a piscine orthomyxovirus causing a serious disease in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The virus surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) is responsible for both viral attachment and release. Similarity to bovine and porcine torovirus hemagglutinin-esterase (BToV HE, PToV HE), bovine coronavirus HE (BCoV HE) and influenza C hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion (InfC HEF) proteins were exploited in a computational homology-based structure analysis of ISAV HE. The analysis resolved structural aspects of the protein and identified important features of relevance to ISAV HE activity. By recombinant expression and purification of secretory HE (recHE) proteins, receptor-binding and quantitative analyses of enzymatic activities displayed by ISAV HE molecules are presented for the first time. Three different recHE molecules were constructed: one representing a high virulent isolate, one a low virulent, while in the third a Ser(32) to Ala(32) amino acid substitution was introduced in the enzymatic catalytic site as inferred from the model. The three amino acid differences between the high and low virulent variants, of which two localized to the putative receptor-binding domain and one in the esterase domain, had no impact on receptor-binding or -release activities. In contrast, the Ser(32) amino acid substitution totally abolished enzymatic activity while receptor binding increased, as observed by agglutination of Atlantic salmon red blood cells. This demonstrates the essential role of a serine in the enzyme's catalytic site. In conclusion, structural analysis of ISAV HE in combination with selected recHE proteins gave insights into structure-function relationships and opens up for further studies aiming at dissecting molecular determinants of ISAV virulence.
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PMID:Structural and functional analysis of the hemagglutinin-esterase of infectious salmon anaemia virus. 2039 10

Adult autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) caused by influenza virus infection is very rare. I report a case of AIHA induced by type A influenza infection in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis. A 67-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis was hospitalized with jaundice and ascites. At 7 days after admission, type A influenza infection was diagnosed, and this progressed to hemolytic anemia. Direct and indirect Coombs' tests were positive, and his anemia was diagnosed as warm-type AIHA. Prednisolone administration improved the anemia, but the patient died due to hepatorenal syndrome 14 weeks after admission.
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PMID:[A case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by type A influenza infection in a patient with alcoholic liver cirrhosis]. 2056 Apr 21

A new detection format for multiplexed analysis based on fluorescent encoded magnetic composite nanoparticles is presented. Two kinds of virus were analyzed by this new method: equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV). Firstly, EIV antigen and EIAV antigen were conjugated to two kinds of fluorescent encoded magnetic composite nanoparticles, while the green-emitting CdTe quantum dots (QDs) were attached to the antibody of EIV and EIAV. Then both green-emitting CdTe QD-labeled antibodies and antigens labeled with fluorescent encoded magnetic composite nanoparticles were used to form an immunoassay system for the detection of EIV and EIAV antigens. The method is time-saving and has higher sensitivity (1.3 ng mL(-1) for EIV antigens and 1.2 ng mL(-1) for EIAV antigens) than the conventional methods. A competitive immunoassay method based on this analysis system was used to detect EIV and EIAV antigens in spiked serum samples with satisfactory results.
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PMID:Multiplex immunoassays of equine virus based on fluorescent encoded magnetic composite nanoparticles. 2065 48

The infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV), an orthomyxovirus, is the major cause of outbreaks of high mortality rates in salmon in Chile. It has been proposed that the virulence of ISAV isolates lies mainly in hemagglutinin-esterase and fusion glycoproteins. However, based on current information, the contribution of other viral genes cannot be ruled out. To study this, we isolated and determined the complete coding sequence of two high-prevalence Chilean isolates associated with outbreaks of high mortality rates: ISAV752_09 and ISAV901_09. These isolates were compared to 15 Norwegian isolates that exhibit differences in their virulence. For this purpose, we performed bioinformatic analyses of (i) functional domains, (ii) specific mutations, (iii) Bayesian phylogenetics, and (iv) structural comparisons between ISAV and influenza virus glycoproteins by using molecular modeling. Phylogenetic analysis shows two genogroups for each protein, one of them containing the Chilean isolates. The gene sequence of the polymerase complex and nucleoprotein indicated that they are closely related to homologues from highly pathogenic Norwegian viruses. Notably, seven of the eight mutations that are present only in the Chilean isolates are on the polymerase complex and nucleoprotein. Structural modeling of hemagglutinin-esterase shows patches of variable residues on its surface. Fusion protein modeling shows that insertions are flexible regions that could affect proteolytic processing, increasing either the accessibility or the number of recognition sites for specific proteases. We found antigenic drift processes related to insertion into the isolated segment 5 of the ISAV752_09. Our results confirm the European origin of Chilean isolates to be the result of reassortments from Norwegian ancestors.
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PMID:Bioinformatic analysis of the genome of infectious salmon anemia virus associated with outbreaks with high mortality in Chile. 2081 Jul 24


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