Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sickle cell anemia is a congenital haemolitic anemia. The replacement of the hydrophilic glutamine residue at the 6 position of the beta chain by the hydrophobic valine leads to severe conformation change in the molecule resulting in sickling. The consequences are haemolysis, vascular stasis and thrombotic crisis. Infection triggers thrombosis and vice-versa. Clinical manifestation is anemia punctuated by intermittent crisis producing infarction. Pneumococcal and salmonella infections are frequent mainly in the lungs and bones. Prognosis is poor, half of the patients dying before 20 years. Prompt treatment of infection is important. Treatment includes good nutrition and administration of folic acid. Transfusions are often usefull to avoid hazards of anesthesia or surgery. Ante natal diagnosis based on smaller sample of foetal blood or amniotic liquid is now possible.
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PMID:[Sickle cell anemia, an example of a constitutional disease of hemoglobin]. 657 34

Malaria and filariasis surveys were carried out as part of a broader general health survey between December, 1982 and May, 1983 in the Ok Tedi region of the Star Mountains, Western Province. Malaria, tropical splenomegaly syndrome (TSS) and anaemia were identified as significant health problems. Malaria slide positivity rates of 64.9% in children 2 to 9 years of age and 19.5% in adults 15 years and older indicate high levels of stable malaria transmission. Infections with Plasmodium falciparum were the most common (75.2%), but P. vivax (17.4%) and P. malariae (7.4%) were also encountered. Palpable splenomegaly occurred in 79.2% of adults and children over two years of age with more than 50% of the enlarged spleens grade III or greater (Hackett). Microfilariae (Wuchereria bancrofti) were present in 34.3% of night blood films, and estimated haemoglobin values were considerably below WHO standards. Data from the surveys provide a baseline against which to monitor changes in health status which might be expected to occur in conjunction with the development of a major mining project in the area.
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PMID:Malaria and filariasis in the Ok Tedi Region of the Star Mountains, Papua New Guinea. 659 55

Hypothermia in infants is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Infection is thought to occur frequently and to carry a poor prognosis in infants with hypothermia. The medical records of 51 infants less than 3 months of age hospitalized from 1976 through 1981 with rectal temperatures of 34 degrees C or less were reviewed. Infections were diagnosed in 27 of the 51 infants. Infections were associated significantly with the presence of bradycardia, anemia, abnormal leukocyte counts, abnormal serum glucose levels, and uremia, especially if two or more of these variables were present. Morbidity and mortality were higher among infected than among noninfected infants. No rapid reliable indicators for the presence or absence of infection in an individual infant with hypothermia were found despite the differences noted between the two groups. Until new techniques for the detection of bacterial infections became available, we suggest that antibiotics be given to all infants younger than 3 months of age with hypothermia on admission to the hospital.
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PMID:Infections in hypothermic infants younger than 3 months old. 671 5

Infection with Hemobartonella sp was diagnosed in a colony-born squirrel monkey with normocytic, normochromic anemia and pronounced punctate erythrocytic basophilic stippling on Wright's-Giemsa stained blood films. The diagnosis was confirmed using transmission electron microscopy. Two randomly selected colony-born squirrel monkeys were splenectomized in an effort to activate and detect possible latent hemobartonellosis . One monkey became parasitemic 12 days following splenectomy. The second monkey was inoculated on day 14 with 1 ml of whole blood from an infected, but nonparasitemic monkey and developed overt parasitemia 3 days later (day 17 following splenectomy). Infections in the latter two monkeys were confirmed using scanning electron microscopy.
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PMID:Hemobartonellosis in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) in a domestic breeding colony: case report and preliminary study. 671 65

The authors reviewed the clinical course of 31 consecutive patients with hairy cell leukemia seen at the University of California Los Angeles. The clinical presentation included varying degrees of pancytopenia, splenomegaly, and bone marrow infiltration with hairy cells. Ten patients were identified as having an "atypical" disease, which is defined as absence of palpable splenomegaly and/or marrow cellularity of less than 45%. These atypical patients had clinically milder disease and significantly less anemia than the usual patient (mean hemoglobin, 12.1 g/dl versus 9.4 g/dl; P = 0.016), although neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were comparable. Mortality and infection rates were similar in both groups. Infections were common in all patients, but opportunistic infections and septicemia were rare in patients prior to initiation of therapy. Two thirds of the patients who received corticosteroids and/or cytotoxic agents had serious infections, with a 50% mortality rate. Nearly 70% of the neutropenic patients (leukocyte count less than 1000) who received any form of treatment had a serious infection. The most important factors predicting mortality were chemotherapy and an age older than 50 years. Patients who survived 2 years with their disease had an excellent prognosis, and four patients in this series are alive and well with their disease for more than 10 years.
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PMID:Hairy cell leukemia. Disease pattern and prognosis. 673 79

Recent studies have identified clinical features that are major risk factors for puerperal infection. Patients of low socioeconomic status undergoing cesarean section who have had prolonged labor and rupture of membranes (ROM) incur a 40 to 85% risk of endometritis. Infection occurs generally in less than 10% of women undergoing vaginal delivery, even when complicated by prolonged ROM, and often in considerably fewer cases. Other features such as internal monitoring, obesity, anemia, and general anesthesia have not been consistent determinants in recent studies.
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PMID:Clinical risk factors for puerperal infection. 699 Mar 33

Malaria manifested during the first few months of life may be result of acquisition during pregnancy, at the time of delivery, or by mosquito bite after birth. Both congenital and perinatal malaria are acquired by the transmission of parasitized maternal erythrocytes across the placenta. An infant is described whose mother was diagnosed to have malaria at six months of gestation. The infant developed intermittent fever at 5 weeks of age and presented with anemia and hepatosplenomegaly at 3 months of age at which time Plasmodium falciparum parasites were found on examination of thick smears of the infant's blood. IgG and IgM antimalarial antibodies were detected in maternal blood, but only IgG antibodies were found in the infant's blood at delivery and at the time of diagnosis. These transplacentally transmitted antibodies may afford transient protection for the infant and thus delay the onset of clinical manifestations. Due to the absence of an exoerythrocytic life cycle in congenitally acquired malaria, chloroquine is the drug of choice for treatment. Infections with chloroquine-resistant strains require multiple drug therapy.
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PMID:Congenital malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. 700 57

A case of systemic infection caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in a seven-year-old boy suffering from chronic granulomatous disease is described. The fungus had infiltrated his lungs, his left foot and the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes. Amphotericin B, 1 mg/kg daily, was given for three months via a central venous catheter, Progressive anaemia made amputation of his left leg necessary. The bone tissue was heavily infiltrated with fungal elements. The regional lymph nodes were also resected because of fungal growth. After six months no fungi were found in liver aspirates taken on account of liver abscesses due to Staphylococcus aureus. The combined medical and surgical approach resulted in complete eradication of the Aspergillus infection, as verified by the disappearance of Aspergillus precipitins.
Infection 1980
PMID:Disseminated aspergillosis treated with amphotericin B and surgery in a boy with chronic granulomatous disease. 702 32

Infection resulting in transient reticulocytopenia and anemia, the so called "aplastic crisis," has frequently been documented in patients with congenital hemolytic anemia. However, this association with hematologically normal patients has been less well recognized. Its occasional severity is illustrated by this report of two cases of marked reticulocytopenic anemia in association with probable viral infections. These were previously health children whose anemias could be explained only by a temporary interruption of erythropoiesis. These patients recovered spontaneously and were in good health one year later. A subsequent separate survey of leukopenic patients with a wide variety of viral infections demonstrated significant reticulocytopenia in seven of 35 patient (20 percent). It is concluded that in addition to the more widely appreciated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia of viral infections, reticulocytopenia is a common manifestation of many viral infections and may occasionally result in profound anemia.
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PMID:Transient reticulocytopenia in viral illness. 709 70

Infection with Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 10 was diagnosed in 2 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) in a closed colony of 90 animals. The clinicopathologic presentation in 1 animal with advanced disease was characterized by a precipitous weight loss, therapeutically unresponsive diarrhea, anemia, weakness, prostration, refractory tuberculin tests (using mammalian old tuberculin and M bovis purified protein derivative tuberculin), and disseminated granulomas in the lungs, spleen, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, salivary glands, and intestines. The lamina propria throughout the large and small intestines was infiltrated with mycobacteria-laden macrophages. Severe hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoglobulinemia, mild hypocalcemia, and edema were compatible with a malabsorption-like syndrome. The 2nd animal was clinically normal, but a weak positive tuberculin reaction to M bovis purified protein derivative at 72 hours necessitated euthanasia. This animal's disease was characterized by microgranulomas in the lungs, bronchial lymph nodes, liver, and pancreas, without involvement of the gastrointestinal tract. There was no evidence of M intracellulare infection in the remaining 88 animals in the colony, as determined by mycobacterial cultures of tracheobronchial washings, additional tuberculin testing, thoracic radiography, and mycobacterial culture of the drinking water. Tuberculin testing and thoracic radiographs of personnel working with the nonhuman primates were also negative. These cases were considered to be important because both animals were infected with the same serotype and because there has been an increasing number of isolations of this organism in human infections throughout Massachusetts. Drug-sensitivity testing revealed the organism to be sensitive to cycloserine and resistant to isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, streptomycin, kanamycin, and pyrazinamide.
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PMID:Nontuberculous mycobacterial infection attributable to Mycobacterium intracellulare serotype 10 in two rhesus monkeys. 717 60


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