Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Infection due to parvovirus B19 is common and usually resolves over several weeks. Prolonged infection has been reported primarily in immunodeficient hosts. The present report describes a chronic infection in an apparently immunologically healthy woman. The illness was characterized by recurrent episodes of paresthesia without anemia. Laboratory studies demonstrated persistence of parvovirus-specific DNA for nearly 4 years.
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PMID:Chronic parvovirus infection in a presumably immunologically healthy woman. 838 10

To determine the functional impact of alterations in lymphocyte concentrations and ratios following infection with chicken anemia agent (CAA) alone or in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on the immune system of young chickens, in vitro lymphoproliferation assays and in vivo responses to vaccination with several common viral agents were assessed at various time intervals post-inoculation (PI). Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation of splenic lymphocytes (SPL) collected from control birds could not be detected until 10-14 days PI. Infection with CAA was characterized by significantly higher PWM stimulation of SPL at 17 days PI and significantly lower PWM stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at 14 days PI, compared with uninfected controls. Concanavalin A and PWM stimulation of SPL was significantly increased in birds inoculated with IBDV alone. Lymphocytes harvested from birds inoculated simultaneously with CAA and IBDV had significantly lower responses. Effects on humoral and cell-mediated immunity following CAA and/or IBDV were determined by evaluating vaccination responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), fowl pox virus (FPV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) during the acute phase of CAA infection (2 weeks PI). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 1 day of age resulted in decreased protection against NDV (85.7%) and ILTV (7.1%) challenge compared with protection rates in control birds (100% and 53.3% respectively). Infectious bursal disease virus infection was associated with decreased protection against NDV (60%) only. Concomitant infection at 1 day of age resulted in a greater reduction in NDV challenge protection (33.3%), slightly decreased FPV protection (87.5%), increased numbers of persistent FPV vaccination lesions and increased protection against ILTV challenge (71.4%). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in slightly decreased NDV humoral antibody, development of persistent FPV vaccination lesions (17%) and increased immunity to ILTV challenge compared with control birds (83.3% vs. 66.7%). Chickens inoculated with IBDV alone displayed a more severe depression in NDV antibody titers and only a slight decrease in ILTV protection. Vaccination following concomitant infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in a higher percentage of FPV persistent vaccination lesions (39%) and greatly enhanced immunity to ILTV challenge (100%).
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PMID:Immune dysfunction following infection with chicken anemia agent and infectious bursal disease virus. II. Alterations of in vitro lymphoproliferation and in vivo immune responses. 133 77

Sixteen patients with symptomatic hairy cell leukemia were treated with a single course of 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA), 0.7 mg/kg total dose. Twelve patients achieved complete remission (CR). One patient with a CD19+/CD5+/CD25- phenotype and one with a pentostatin-treated CD19+/CD25- variant form had minor responses. Two patients with advanced disease and poor performance status died early from invasive mycosis. Three patients recovered from infections caused by cytomegalovirus and by candida. No patient had infections caused by bacteria or by unknown organisms. The median time to full recovery from anemia and thrombocytopenia was 6 and 2 weeks from start of therapy, respectively. Patients with infections, however, recovered at 13 and 5 weeks, respectively. Neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts returned to normal at a median of 5, 5, and 10 weeks, respectively. Infections developed more frequently in pancytopenic patients than in those with one or more blood cell count within the normal range (P less than .01). All patients with one or no previous therapy had a CR, whereas those with more than one previous regimen had a lower CR rate (P less than .01). Thus, 1 week of CdA therapy frequently induced CR also in patients resistant to interferon. Toxicity was limited, and recovery from cytopenia was faster than what is reported during interferon therapy.
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PMID:Rapid recovery from cytopenia in hairy cell leukemia after treatment with 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CdA): relation to opportunistic infections. 134 78

Infections with Ancylostoma caninum are transmitted orally or percutaneously. The transmission of infectious stages with the milk of particular importance for the distribution of the species. It occurs during the dissemination of larvae that follows every infection as well as after reactivation of resting somatic larvae in the bitch at the end of the pregnancy. The galactogenic transmission of larvae occurs even when, due to existing immunity, no patent infections develop in the bitch. Immunity does not or only to a low extent influence impatient infections or the migration of reactivated somatic larvae. It also allows a limited reestablishment of a deposit of larvae in the bitch. Following percutaneous infection dermatitis occurs in the area of larval penetration and the lung is affected by migrating larvae. Intestinal stages of Ancylostoma caninum damage the host by ingestion of the mucosa of the small intestine and withdrawal of blood. Main symptoms of ancylostomiasis are a mucous haemorrhagic diarrhoea and anaemia, that become visible 8 to 10 days post infection. The examination for impatient infections with Ancylostoma caninum can be done by immunofluorescence and ELISA. With both methods antibodies against third stage larvae can be detected from the first or second week post infection onward. Patent infections with Ancylostoma caninum can easily be detected by faecal examination for the presence of the characteristic oval, thin-walled eggs containing few blastomeres. Galactogenic infections with Ancylostoma caninum can be prevented or reduced by a regular treatment of the bitch with albendazole, fenbendazole or oxfendazole during the activation of larvae in the last third of the pregnancy or by repeated treatment with ivermectin shortly before and after birth. To prevent patent infections, galactogenic infected puppies have to be treated early and repeatedly.
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PMID:[Biology, pathogenicity, diagnosis and control of Ancylostoma caninum]. 142 24

The course of anemia and the erythropoietic response in the bone marrow, spleen, and blood were studied during Plasmodium chabaudi AS infection in resistant C57BL/6 (B6) and susceptible A/J (A) mice. Infections in B6 mice were characterized by moderate levels of both parasitemia and anemia and survival. In contrast, A mice experienced high parasitemia, severe anemia, and high mortality rates. During the period of anemia, erythropoiesis, as measured by in vivo 59Fe incorporation, was significantly more depressed in bone marrow and more increased in the spleen in resistant B6 mice. The increase in splenic 59Fe incorporation was a function of the size of the spleen. Bone marrow CFU-E were decreased to 50% of control in both strains, while splenic CFU-E were increased twofold greater in B6 mice compared to those in A mice. However, the absolute numbers of CFU-E per spleen in the two strains were not significantly different during peak parasitemia. Bone marrow BFU-E were transiently increased before peak parasitemia whereas splenic BFU-E peaked during peak parasitemia. A mice had significantly lower numbers of BFU-E per spleen on all days except at peak parasitemia. The frequency of blood-borne BFU-E and plasma erythropoietin titers was increased earlier and to a greater extent in A mice. These results suggest that an impaired amplification of late-stage splenic erythropoiesis may be an important determinant in the severity of anemia and lethality of infection with P. chabaudi AS in A mice. Moreover, these results demonstrate that the defective amplification of splenic erythropoiesis in A mice is neither caused by a defect in the mobilization of BFU-E from the bone marrow to the spleen nor caused by a defect in erythropoietin production.
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PMID:Plasmodium chabaudi AS: erythropoietic responses during infection in resistant and susceptible mice. 142 36

This work extends basic knowledge of tropical theileriosis in taurine and crossbred cattle. Infection of Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus (Sahiwal) calves with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata (Hissar), an Indian stock of the parasite, showed the following to be dose dependent in both cattle types: the time to appearance and population size of macroschizonts, microschizonts and piroplasms, time and severity of pyrexia, anaemia manifested by erythrocyte counts and haematocrit. All infections were accompanied by a prompt and severe panleucopenia. This effect was dose related in both the taurine and the Sahiwal crossbred calves. Lymphocyte counts returned to preinfection levels in the blood of animals which recovered, but death from theileriosis was characteristically accompanied by a persistent and severe lymphocytopenia. Flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies to bovine mononuclear cells was used to identify the lymphocyte subsets involved in lymphocytopenia. The outcome of infection was dose dependent in the crossbred calves but not in taurine calves. Although the results obtained did not differ qualitatively between the two cattle types, they provided some preliminary evidence for resistance to tropical theileriosis in Sahiwal crossbred calves.
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PMID:Tropical theileriosis in Bos taurus and Bos taurus cross Bos indicus calves: response to infection with graded doses of sporozoites of Theileria annulata. 143 13

A total of 56 patients were diagnosed as primary myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung from April 1986 to December 1991. The median age was 65 years with an equal sex ratio. All patients presented with anemia and 52% with pancytopenia. The overall median survival for the entire group was 7 months, in which the chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMMoL) was 7 months, and 4 months for each of the refractory anemia with excess of blasts (RAEB) or the refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB-T), however, the median survival had not been reached at 27 months for refractory anemia (RA) and at 33 months for refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts (RARS). Low-does arabinosyl cytosine (Ara-C) was administered in 9 patients with RAEB and RAEB-T, but no survival benefit was noted. Infection, especially pneumonia, was the most common cause of death. In 61 febrile episodes with clinically suspected sepsis, 10 (17%) were documented to associate with bacteremia. Twelve patients (7 RAEB, 4 RAEB-T, and 1 CMMoL) evolved to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), the median interval from diagnosis to evolution was 4.8 months. This series indicates that only two groups of FAB subtypes could be clearly separated in terms of morphological findings and clinical outcome; RA and RARS constitute a good prognostic group, whereas RAEB, CMMoL, and RAEB-T constitute a poor prognostic group.
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PMID:Primary myelodysplastic syndrome: an analysis of 56 patients. 146 34

Symptomatic patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and 10-30% blasts in the bone marrow were treated with low-dose AraC (2 x 10 mg/m2 subcutaneously (sc) days 1-14) and GM-CSF (fully glycosylated, Sandoz/Schering-Plough, 2 x 150 micrograms protein/day sc) given either subsequently (days 15-21) or simultaneously (days 8-14 and one week rest). Evaluations were carried out after three courses (nine weeks); responding patients could be continued for two further cycles. Eighty-two patients with refractory anaemia and excess of blasts (RAEB), with (RAEBt) or without transformation, were evaluable: 45 RAEB and 37 RAEBt, mean age 64 years (range 17-80 years). A complete remission was achieved in 14 cases (17%), 11 had a good response (13%), and 12 a partial response (15%). Stable disease was found in 21 cases (26%). There were 12 cases of toxic death (15%), progression was noted in eight patients (10%), and death due to disease in three (4%). No difference existed between the two treatment arms with respect to response. Major adverse events during treatment were haemorrhage (25%), infections (23%), and fever with GM-CSF (21%). GM-CSF did not induce leukaemia nor contribute to haemorrhage induced by AraC, but gave rise to an overall response rate of 46% which is high and relatively durable as compared to other treatments in this disease.
Infection 1992
PMID:Treatment of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and high leukaemic risk with low-dose cytosine arabinoside (LD-AraC) plus granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rh GM-CSF). The EORTC Leukaemia Group. 149 35

Human parvovirus B19 is a recently recognized cause of hydrops fetalis. It is a small, single-stranded DNA virus, which preferentially infects late erythroid precursors and produces red blood cell (RBC) aplasia, fetal anemia, and cardiac failure. Infection is accompanied by characteristic intranuclear inclusions in fixed and circulating RBC precursors. These inclusions have been shown to contain virus particles by electron microscopy and in situ hybridization. Infection of the fetus, mother, and newborn infant can be diagnosed by serological and molecular methods selected to match the stage of the infection. Recent work has shown that parvovirus B19 can infect cells other than erythroid precursors, and that additional mechanisms such as myocarditis may contribute to hydrops fetalis in some cases. Infected fetuses are not always hydropic. Maternal infection results in increased abortion and stillbirth even in the absence of transplacental transmission, which occurs in approximately one third of infected mothers. The overall risk of fetal loss following maternal exposure is much less than previously thought, and may be less than 3% in the first 20 weeks of gestation or approximately 10% if the mother is actually infected. Although parvoviruses are teratogenic in animals, there is no evidence that B19 is a significant teratogen in man. The long-term outlook of survivors of intrauterine infection, including those successfully treated by intrauterine blood transfusion, appears to be good, but requires further study.
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PMID:Parvovirus infection of the human fetus and newborn. 156 88

The human parvovirus B19 agent causes infectious erythema (fifth disease). However, a wide range of other pathological manifestations may also be seen: atypical exanthema, ARD (also obstructive forms, e.g. bronchiolitis), acute gastroenteritis, chronic anemia or aplastic crises (in constitutional or malignant hematological diseases or immunological deficiency), arthralgia/arthritis (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, jcA), diseases of the central nervous systems (e.g. febrile convulsions in young children), lymphadenopathies (e.g. lymphadenitis mesenterialis or pseudoappendicitis); prenatal infection can lead to fetal death (not malformations!). Infection occurring concomitantly with vaccination may suggest complications of the latter. To clarify the true etiological situation, modern laboratory investigations are then required. Vaccination against parvovirus B19 (initially indicated in the case of non-immune girls and women wanting children) is a desirable future development.
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PMID:[Human Parvovirus B19--really only fifth disease? Unusual disease course in children and adolescents]. 177 31


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