Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An epileptic patient on chronic anticonvulsant drug therapy is described, in whom anaemia and neurological abnormalities including progressive dementia, bilateral pyramidal tract signs, incontinence and ataxia developed. Vitamin B12 serum levels and absorption were normal, but serum folic acid levels were low. Both the neurological disturbances and anaemia resolved following oral folic acid administration. This sequence of events in our patient suggests a cause and effect relationship between the folate deficiency and the coexistent, transient neurological syndrome.
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PMID:Reversible central nervous system dysfunction in folate deficiency. 114 59

In the light of an informative clinical case report, the authors emphasise the pathogenic role of Corynebacteria D2 in urinary tract disease. This microorganism can be easily detected by bacteriologists by the use of special media and such infection is suggested clinically by urinary tract infection with "sterile", strongly alkaline urine. The clinical features of incrusted cystitis with alkaline urine may be accompanied by serious upper urinary tract complications with renal failure, recurrent haematuria with anaemia, decreased bladder capacity and incontinence. Corynebacteria D2, an opportunistic pathogenic bacteria, responsible for nosocomial infection, is resistant to the majority of antibiotics. The authors complete their case report with a review of the literature.
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PMID:[Corynebacteria D2 and encrusted cystitis with alkaline urine]. 130 24

Four homosexual male patients with giant anal carcinomas, ranging from 10 to 17 cm in diameter, are presented. These patients were not candidates for abdominoperineal resection because of fixation to adjacent structures. Common symptoms included pain, sepsis, anemia, incontinence, and weight loss. Diverting colostomy was performed in all patients. Two of the four patients were treated by wide local excision of the tumors for palliation. Two patients were treated with chemotherapy and radiation therapy. Three of the four patients died within 12 months. The authors conclude that diverting colostomy and wide local excision of giant anal cancers offer effective palliation of local wound problems in selected cases.
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PMID:Giant malignant tumors of the anus. A strategy for management. 168 59

Provocative questions regarding ethical dilemmas surrounding care of patients with pressure ulcers are discussed under the aspects of etiology, epidemiology, prevention, malnutrition, anemia, incontinence, pressure, medical and surgical management and socio-economic factors. Two sometimes conflicting moral schools, that of "Beneficence" and "Utilitarian," form the framework for posing ethical dilemmas.
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PMID:Ethical dilemmas of pressure ulcers. 235 76

By a retrospective relative risk analysis for conditions associated with urinary tract infection over a four-year period in a defined teaching nursing home population (n = 97), we reached the following conclusions: (1) UTI was associated with cerebrovascular accident (relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 3.2), decreased activities of daily living (relative risk 2.6 to 3.2, 95% confidence interval 1.4 to 4.7), decreased mental status (relative risk 2.2, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.1), urinary catheterization (relative risk 2.5, 95% confidence interval 1.3 to 3.7), and antibiotic prophylaxis (relative risk 2.1, 95% confidence interval 1.2 to 3.0). (2) Risk of UTI from urinary catheterization and antibiotic prophylaxis was additive for these functionally impaired patients. (3) Renal insufficiency, diabetes, anemia, malnutrition, age, and incontinence (without catheterization) were not related to risk of UTI.
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PMID:Antecedent factors in urinary tract infections among nursing home patients. 337 79

Between January 1982 and December 1985, 355 fiberoptic pouchoscopies were performed in 123 patients with a continent ileostomy. These examinations have been reviewed to determine the effectiveness of the technique as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. The Olympus GIF-XP pediatric endoscope was used after pouch lavage, and the afferent loop of ileum, the pouch, and (by retroflexion) the nipple valve were examined on each occasion. There were 63 males and 60 females, with a median age of 35 years (range, 16 to 71 years). The median length of follow-up after pouch construction was 36 months (range, 6 to 120 months), and an average of three examinations were performed per patient (range, 1 to 12). Of 127 examinations performed in asymptomatic patients, the pouch was normal in 117 cases, and there was mesh erosion into the pouch in 10 cases. The remaining 228 examinations were for symptoms that included pouchitis (56), difficulty in intubation (47), incontinence (35), follow-up of treated pouchitis (18), parastomal sepsis (22), blood in the stool (13), anemia (8), excess mucus discharge (6), valve prolapse (4), and purulent discharge from the stoma (1). Eighty-four examinations were normal; 144 revealed a likely cause for the symptoms and led to appropriate treatment, which in 45 patients was surgical. Fiberoptic endoscopy was therapeutic in 6 patients in whom it was used on 10 occasions to intubate a pouch with a slipped valve. Radiographic studies were seldom used, with pouchograms being carried out in 16 patients and fistulograms in 5. Only the fistulograms contributed to the assessment of each patient.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:The role of fiberoptic endoscopy in the management of the continent ileostomy. 359 85

Total prostatectomy in the properly selected patient will provide disease-free survival rates comparable to the expected survival in similarly aged men for up to 30 years of observation (Figure 4). Patients who undergo total prostatectomy accept a very small risk of long-term permanent complications or mortality, and effective treatment is available for most complications. The morbidity and costs associated with hormone refractory metastatic prostate cancer are significant, with bone pain and anemia from bone marrow invasion, bladder dysfunction (retention, incontinence, and hematuria), urinary tract infection, anorexia, and uremia from obstructed ureters being common sequelae in the months before death. In the properly selected patient, minimal risk is incurred from total prostatectomy, the potential complications are well defined and manageable, and long-term disease-free survival is seen in most patients.
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PMID:Localized prostate carcinoma. Surgical management. 822 51

Pressure, moisture, shear forces and friction lead to skin ulcer formation. Nursing home and home-bound patients with restricted mobility, poor nutrition, incontinence and chronic conditions such as anemia, diabetes and dementia are at risk for ulcer formation. Bedridden patients should be turned from side to side at 30-degree angles at least every two hours. Mattress and chair cushions, splints and cradle boots may reduce pressure. Good hygiene and barrier ointments, condom catheters, absorptive products and scheduled toileting for incontinence may control moisture. Calorie and protein supplements, feeding assistance and serial weight measurements are essential in the management of malnourished patients. Treatment should be based on the stage of the ulcer and the presence of conditions such as necrotic debris, infection and drainage. Saline wet-to-dry dressings and enzymatic and surgical debridement are necessary to remove necrotic tissue. Saline-soaked gauze, hydrogel preparations and occlusive dressings provide the physiologic environment for fibroblasts to grow and form granulation tissue. Patients with sepsis may require hospital admission for both further evaluation and systemic antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Pressure ulcers in nursing home patients. 846 16

Major rectal bleeding may occur in children and adults who have extensive hemangiomatous involvement of the pelvis and rectosigmoid colon, as in the Kleppel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS). Conventional surgical techniques such as bowel resection and colostomy have often been associated with large blood loss and/or incontinence. We have used a new approach to this problem utilizing rectal mucosectomy to eliminate the bleeding rectal mucosa and to preserve anal function. Four patients born with KTS eventually developed major rectal bleeding and were successfully corrected by this surgical approach. Two were females and two males. Ages ranged from 4 to 25 years at the time of surgery. The patients developed rectal bleeding leading to chronic anemia during the first decade of life. Rectal bleeding gradually increased requiring multiple transfusions (2 to 20 units) prior to surgery. Patient 1 underwent resection of the rectosigmoid colon, with rectal mucosectomy and endorectal coloanal anastomosis. The Nd:YAG laser was used on 3 occasions on the distal remaining rectal mucosa. Patients 2, 3, and 4 underwent sigmoid resection, transanal rectal mucosectomy, and a coloanal anastomosis, with minor YAG laser therapy in one patient. Blood loss during surgery was minimal. Follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 4 years. All have excellent sphincter control with no incontinence. No strictures or sepsis occurred following surgery. Rectal bleeding was eliminated in all 4 patients. This sphincter-saving approach should be considered in patients with extensive hemangiomas of the rectosigmoid colon because of its remarkable effectiveness and safety.
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PMID:Rectal mucosectomy: a definitive approach to extensive hemangiomas of the rectum. 817 22

We report a 15 years old girl presenting with severe hematochezia with secondary anemia and hemodynamic decompensation, rectal prolapse and spontaneous anal elimination of polyps. She had no family history of polyposis and a search for the disease in her close relatives was negative. A complete diagnostic work up did not find polyps in other segments of the digestive tract. Colonoscopy showed more than 200 polyps between the cecum and the rectum. Pathological analysis confirmed the presence of retention polyps with adenomatous areas and mild atypia. The patient was subjected to a proctocolectomy with ileal pouch and sphincteric preservation, using a mechanical suture. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and after 24 months of follow up, the patient is asymptomatic, with two stool movements per day and without incontinence.
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PMID:[Non familial juvenile multiple polyposis. A case report]. 1172 72


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