Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Six young cattle were intoxicated with either stem or extracts of stem of Pimelea trichostachya or P. continua. Oral dosage with whole plant or alcoholic extracts was shown to reproduce all the clinical and pathological features of the various field syndromes known collectively as "St. George disease". Subacute intoxication resulted from relatively high oral dose rates, of the order of 60 mg of whole stem/kg body weight/day, maintained for about 2 weeks. Diarrhoea, weakness and anaemia were the predominant features of this sundrome. Lower dose rates, regulated according to the severity of diarrhoea, eventually produced signs of circulatory failure (subcutaneous oedema, hydrothorax and cardiac dilatation) in addition to anaemia and diarrhoea. It did not prove easier to produce circulatory failure by intranasal insufflation of powdered plant. Although the bone marrow of most affected calves did not react to the anaemia there was some evidence that erythropoietic tissue was not directly damaged during the intoxication.
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PMID:The pathology and haematological changes in experimental Pimelea spp. poisoning in cattle ("St. George disease"). 116 90

In a review supplementary to prior evaluations further hematological or cytodiagnostic aspects respectively of equine leucosis are discussed. Leukemic nature of the disease is characterized by increased count of normal blood cells or by the presence of morphologically non-differentiated cells in circulating blood or by disorder or loss of function of blood cells respectively. Thrombocytopenia in the most cases is accompanied by anemia, leukemia and tumor cell infiltration in bone marrow. Tumor cells in circulating blood indicate their presence in bone marrow too. In cases of equine leucosis with effusions in thoracic and/or in abdominal cavities tumor cells seem to be present more frequently in hydrothorax than in ascites.
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PMID:[Hematology and cytodiagnosis of leukosis of the horse (review)]. 177 91

The gross and histopathological lesions of 10 cases in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis amongst dogs in the Republic of South Africa are reported. The 10 cases were classified as acute (1 case), subacute (7 cases) and chronic (2 cases) on the basis of the nature, degree and extent of the following histopathological fractures: hepatocellular fatty degeneration, necrosis or regeneration; proliferation of bile ductules; accumulation of bile within the canaliculi; fibroplasia; and, mucoid degeneration, necrosis or segmental atrophy of the larger intrahepatic bile ducts. Fatty degeneration was noted grossly in the livers of all 10 cases and bile stasis in 4. Varying degrees of fibrosis were present depending on the stage of the disease. In the 2 chronic cases in which nodular regeneration was also observed fibrosis was pronounced. Other macroscopic findings included icterus, anaemia, ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, anasarca, pulmonary oedema, gastro-enterorrhagia and nephrosis.
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PMID:Pathological findings in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis in dogs. 344 19

We evaluated 23 male spinal cord injury patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy for the success rate of stone removal and the incidence of operative complications. There were 18 quadriplegic and 5 paraplegic patients, and 5 had bilateral procedures. Of the kidneys 7 had staghorn calculi, 8 had pelvic and caliceal combinations, 6 had large multiple caliceal stones, 4 had large (more than 2.5 cm.) pelvic stones and 3 had pelvic stones less than 2.5 cm. Placement of a nephrostomy tube and stone extraction were performed as a single procedure with the use of general anesthesia in all but 4 patients. Our results showed that 19 of 21 compliant patients (90.4 per cent) were free of stone, with an average of 2.04 procedures per patient. A total of 47 procedures was performed, with an average operative time of 1 hour 45 minutes. Major complications were associated with 4 of the 47 procedures (8.5 per cent), and consisted of a respiratory arrest, 2 perirenal abscesses and a hydrothorax. Minor complications included fever (more than 101.5F) in 64.3 per cent and retained stones in 14.3 per cent of the kidneys operated upon, dislodged nephrostomy tubes in 12.6 per cent of the procedures (21.4 per cent of the kidneys operated upon), and anemia requiring transfusion in 17.0 per cent (8 of 47) of the procedures (27.8 per cent of the kidneys operated upon). The presence of infected stones, prior operative procedures and medical complexity of these patients make complications more frequent. Nevertheless, percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a safe and effective procedure for the spinal cord injury population.
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PMID:Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the spinal cord injury population. 377 86

A case of a big fibrothecoma of the right ovary is reported. A women 49 years of age was admitted in a bad general situation with anemia, ascites, hydrothorax and weight loss. On operation the tumor looked like malignant one. Both the ovaries were excised. The pathological examination showed a fibrothecoma of the ovary with no signs of malignancy. The postoperative period was uneventfull and the patient is in a good condition 7 months after operation.
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PMID:[Fibrothecoma of the ovary with typical Meigs syndrome and tumorous cachexia]. 632 30

On clinical examination, a six-year-old Hassian gray gelding with a history of impaired performance, slight cough, colic, and edema of the ventral abdomen, prepuce and the legs had reduced skin turgor, pale mucous membranes, forced costoabdominal breathing, reduced venous return, enlarged lymph nodes, and splenomegaly. Hematologic findings revealed anemia, leukocytosis and a high percentage of monocytoid leukemic cells. Generalized lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, ascites, hydrothorax, and a diffusely thickened gut wall were found at necropsy. Massive infiltration with monocytoid leukemic cells was detected in lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, gut wall, kidneys, and choroid plexus. Incubation of living cells obtained from a leukocyte concentrate with latex particles revealed phagocytosis in the leukemic cells on light and electron microscopy. The leukemic cells also had a marked alpha-naphthyl-acetate and naphthol-AS-acetate esterase activity, but were only weakly positive to naphthol-AS-D-chloroacetate esterase. A very weak alkaline phosphatase activity only was demonstrated in a few leukemic cells. On scanning electron microscopy, the leukemic cells had prominent ruffles and ridge-like profiles. These features of the leukemic cells excluded lymphocytic and granulocytic leukemia, and monocytic leukemia was diagnosed.
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PMID:Monocytic leukemia in a horse. 658 70

The subject of this study was 38 cases of non-immune hydrops fetalis and 11 cases of fetal hydrothorax and/ or ascites (FH/A), a syndrome characterized by the accumulation of pleural effusion and/or ascitic fluid, without generalized skin edema, due to various etiologies, admitted to the obstetrics ward of Hokkaido University Hospital during the period between 1987 and 1994. Fetal treatment consisted of (1) intravascular transfusion or intra-abdominal transfusion for anemia, (2) frequent centesis or shunt insertion for pleural effusion and ascites, (3) reduction of cystic hygroma by puncturing and OK432 injection, and (4) intravascular or maternal injection with an anti-arrhythmic drugs to treat tachycardia. The outcome of NIHF and FH/A was assessed to be able to make a prognosis in NIHF and to compare the efficacy of fetal therapy in cases with (15 cases: 9 NIHF, 6 FH/A) and without (34 cases: 29 NIHF, 5 HF/A) intrauterine treatment. The average survival rates were 23.1% in NIHF and 54.5% in FH/A. None of fetuses with a chromosomal abnormality or cystic hygroma survived. The average GW at the time of detection of NIHF by ultrasonography was week 24.9 +/- 1.1 (mean +/- S.E., n = 38). The average GW at the time of detection of FH/A by ultrasonography was week 26.6 +/- 1.8 (n = 11). NIHF was detected significantly earlier in the IUFD and early neonatal death group (GW 22.4 +/- 1.4) than in the survivor group (GW 27.6 +/- 1.2) (p < 0.05). FH/A was also detected earlier in the IUFD/early neonatal death group than in the survivor group (GW 21.8 +/- 2.4 vs. 31.1 +/- 1.1, n = 11, p < 0.05). The survival rate in the intrauterine treatment group was higher than in the nontreatment group (treatment group: 10/15; non-treatment group: 5/34, p < 0.001). After the trial of intrauterine treatment in the 15 cases mentioned above, some efficacy was observed in 7 cases (reduction of cysts, effusion or edema, disappearance of arrhythmia).
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PMID:Outcome of non-immune hydrops fetalis and a fetus with hydrothorax and/or ascites: with some trials of intrauterine treatment. 908 6

Fetal anemia causes hydrops fetalis and fetal ascites/hydrothorax, and in severe cases the prognosis is poor. Little other than alloimmunity and viral infections are known as mechanisms causing fetal anemia. The aim of this study was to elucidate any pathogenesis in fetal anemia due to otherwise idiopathic etiology. The levels of three hematopoietic cytokines, IL-3, erythropoietin (EPO), and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) were measured in blood samples obtained by cordocentesis from six fetuses with anemia (Hb <10.0 g/dl) and 34 fetuses without anemia. Cordocentesis was performed prior to the onset of labor or uterine contractions in all pregnant women. The concentration of IL-3 in fetuses with anemia [M+/-(SD), 8.3 (10.1) pg/ml] was significantly lower than that in fetuses without anemia [59.9 (71.0) pg/ml]. EPO and G-CSF levels were not different between the two groups. In addition, through in vitro colony formation assay, using blood stem cells from two fetuses with severe anemia and three fetuses without anemia, it was found that colony forming unit-erythroid, burst forming unit-erythroid and granulocyte macrophage-colony forming unit were significantly suppressed in blood stem cells from the two fetuses with severe anemia. Thus, the malfunction of differentiation and proliferation of blood stem cells and the decrease of hematopoietic cytokine levels in the fetal circulation may be responsible for the occurrence of fetal anemia.
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PMID:Hematopoietic cytokine levels and in vitro colony formation assay in fetal anemia. 983 18

Clinical course of infectious endocarditis (IE) was analysed for 43 intravenous drug abusers. 42 of them had primary IE, one patient--secondary. Acute course and high activity of the disease were registered in 86% of the patients. IE was provoked by Staphylococcus aureus (50%), Staphylococcus epidermidis 920%), Staphylococcus haemolyticus (11%), E. coli (8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%), Candida albicans (2%), mixed microflora (7%). Vegetations were detected on the tricuspid, mitral and aortic valves (52, 23 and 19%, respectively), on more than one valve (6%). Pneumonia, pleuricy, hydrothorax, enlargement of the liver, spleen, nephritis and anemia were found in 76, 44, 9, 100, 75, 70 and 88% of the patients, respectively. Cardiac failure aggravated the disease in half of the patients, lethality was 18%. Thus, IE in intravenous drug abusers is characterized by a primary form, acute active course, prevalent damage to the tricuspid valve, polyorganic involvement, high lethality. IE cure in such patients is feasible only in adequate antibacterial therapy, timely surgical correction and giving up drug abuse.
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PMID:[Infectious endocarditis in intravenous drug abusers]. 1101 26

Ultrasonography has expanded the capabilities of perinatologists to examine,test, and treat the fetus. Amniocentesis and CVS are safe and widely available procedures, which can be used to diagnose a multitude of abnormalities through karyotype analysis and molecular studies. CVS allows earlier diagnosis, but both procedures can provide highly accurate results in the first half of pregnancy. Cordocentesis has fewer indications, but allows direct laboratory testing of fetal blood. Fetocentesis and fetal biopsy are reserved for limited indications, but can play a crucial role in the diagnosis of some conditions, which cannot be assessed less invasively. Fetal transfusion is an important tool in the treatment of isoimmunization, some other forms of fetal anemia, and alloimmune thrombocytopenia. Amnioreduction is a commonly used procedure for the treatment of polyhydramnios and TTTS. Multifetal reduction and selective termination offer previously unavailable options to patients carrying multiple gestations. Fetal shunts can reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality in cases of bladder outlet obstruction and hydrothorax. The limited experience with cord ligation procedures and balloon valvuloplasty suggests these relatively new procedures may serve a greater role in the future as techniques are improved. By providing guidance for all of these procedures, real-time ultrasonography has revolutionized prenatal diagnosis and therapy; it will continue to be a crucial component in evaluating and treating complicated pregnancies.
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PMID:Ultrasound-guided procedures for prenatal diagnosis and therapy. 1506 49


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