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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nine-year-old girl was hospitalized because of hypoxemia and anemia. Antibasement-membrane antibodies were present in the serum, but there was no renal involvement suggestive of Goodpasture's glomerulonephritis. Biopsy of the lung showed pulmonary hemosiderosis. In ultrastructural analysis, no lesion of the alveolar basement membrane or capillary endothelial cells was found; however, ferritin-looking deposits were present on alveolar basement membranes and the elastic lamina of arterioles and venules. Mineralogic studies showed these deposits to be made of iron and calcium (this latter element was probably precipitated on altered basement membranes or elastic lamina). Hemosiderin inclusions in the macrophages contained iron but no detectable calcium.
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PMID:Idiopathic pulmonary hemorrhage. Ultrastructural and mineralogic study. 705 32

Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) from the Atlantic seaboard (Florida to Massachusetts) were examined at the Marine Pathology Laboratory, University of Rhode Island, from March through December, 1980. Three genera of blood flukes (spirorchids) were found in 14 (33%) of the 43 turtles. Gross signs in heavily infected animals included cachexia, anemia and enteritis. Histopathological lesions were similar to those present in homeotherms with schistosomiasis. Granulomatous gastritis, enteritis, hepatitis, pneumonitis, and nephritis were present. Acute and chronic vasculitis accompanied metastasis of eggs. Infected animals had severe hepatic hemosiderosis, indicative of the anemia observed grossly. Evidence is presented that spirorchidiasis is prevelent in sub-adult loggerhead sea turtles, is responsible for extensive lesions and may be responsible for significant debilitation and mortality.
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PMID:Spirorchidiasis in loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta): pathology. 709 82

The short-term oral toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (alpha-TNT) was determined in dogs, rats, and mice. Single-dose oral LD50s for alpha-TNT in corn oil were 1320 and 794 mg/kg in male and female rats, respectively, and 660 mg/kg in both male and female mice. For multiple-dose studies, dogs were dosed daily for up to 13 wk with alpha-TNT at 0, 0.2, 2.0, or 20 mg/kg by capsule; rats received 0, 0.002, 0.01, 0.05, or 0.25% and mice received 0, 0.001, 0.005, 0.025, or 0.125% alpha-TNT in their diets over the same period. All species receiving the highest doses exhibited anemia, with reduced erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and hematocrit. Alterations were observed in organ weights, including enlarged spleens (accompanied by hemosiderosis) and livers, and depressed body weight and/or body weight gain (temporary in dogs and mice). Alterations in clinical chemistry values included elevated cholesterol and depressed serum glutamicpyruvic transaminase activity in dogs and rats; no effect on serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity was observed. Some effects, such as SGPT depression in rats, appeared after 13 wk, suggesting a cumulative toxicity. Reduced testes size was observed in rats at the highest dose regardless of length of exposure. Most of the toxic effects were reversible, but testicular atrophy was not in rats allowed a 4-wk recovery period after treatment. Signs of anemia were present at intermediate dose levels. "No observable effects" levels for alpha-TNT were: dogs, 0.20; rats, 1.42; and mice, 7.76 mg/kg . d.
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PMID:Short-term oral toxicity of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in mice, rats, and dogs. 710 79

The oral toxicity of a mixture of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (1:0.62, w/w) compounds typically found in munitions plant effluents, was evaluated in mammalian species. Single-dose oral LD50s of the mixture were 574 and 594 mg/kg in male and female rats and 947 and 1130 mg/kg in male and female mice, respectively. Long dispersion periods during preparation or ultraviolet irradiation of the mixture lowered the LD50s. In repeated-exposure studies, dogs were given 0.50, 5.0 or 50 mg/kg X d by capsule for up to 90 d. Rats and mice were fed the mixture in the diet at 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5% for 90 d; mice were also fed at 0.25%. Mortality resulted at the highest dose level in each species. All three species showed depression of body weight or body weight gain, depressed food intake, moderate to severe anemia, and alterations in the spleen (hemosiderosis), liver (hepatomegaly), and testes (atrophy) at the highest dose levels. Cholesterol was elevated in rats and dogs after 90 d. Several species differences were also noted. Uric acid values were elevated in rats but not in dogs, serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activity was low in dogs but unchanged in rats, and rats developed hypoplasia of the uterus but dogs did not. Signs of anemia were present at the intermediate dose levels. The lowest dose level in all three species was designated at a "no observable effects" level, based on the absence of clearly treatment-related effects. In a 4-wk study, the irradiated mixture fed to rats at 0.003, 0.03, or 0.3% in the diet was less toxic than the unirradiated mixture.
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PMID:Short-term oral toxicity of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine mixture in mice, rats, and dogs. 710 80

The article reports on a boy aged 16 1/2 years suffering from transfusion haemosiderosis associated with corticoid-resistant blackfan diamond anaemia. Besides hepatosplenomegalia and cardiomegalia, the course of the disease was mainly determined by the deficient functioning of several endocrine glands. The diagnosis revealed primary hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism and partial insufficiency of the pituitary gland.
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PMID:[Pluriglandular insufficiency due to transfusion haemosiderosis in Blackfan-Diamond anaemia (author's transl)]. 718 98

33 patients with chronic renal failure were divided into two groups. Group I consisted of 8 non-dialysed patients without any clinical or biochemical sign of liver disturbance nor any iron supplementation. Group II consisted of 25 maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients treated from 2 to 13 years. 19 subjects had chronic B hepatitis. Total exogenous iron load parenteral iron and/or blood transfusions) was calculated. Body iron overload (hemosiderosis) was assessed by liver iron concentration (LIC) in needle biopsy specimens according to Barry's method (less than 200 microgram/100 mg dry weight) and serum ferritin levels (less than 360 ng/ml). 4 patients whose serum ferritin was increased with or without hepatic fibrosis and with or without any organ dysfunction due to hemochromatosis received i.v. infusions of desferrioxamine in doses of 2 g at each dialysis. Serum ferritin levels were correlated with LIC (p less than 0.001) and iron load (p less than 0.001). Hemosiderosis was noted in 16 MHD patients (group II) and correlated with iron load. Hemochromatosis was noted in 4 patients (group II). 4 hemodialysed patients with iron overload were treated by desferrioxamine from 6 to 18 months. During this therapy, body iron stores fell and organ dysfunction (heart failure, hepatic cytolysis, anaemia, diabetes mellitus improved. Long-term chelation therapy by desferrioxamine was effective and the chelated iron was readily removed by dialysis. These data show the importance of precise evaluation of iron stores in MHD patients.
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PMID:[Iron-overload in patients on maintenance hemodialysis: diagnostic criteria, indications and treatment by desferrioxamine (author's transl)]. 732 1

The course of trypanosomiasis was observed over a period of 68 days in eight Red Sokoto goats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma vivax strain Y58. The goats developed parasitaemia five days after infection; the intensity of parasitaemia varied within and between individual goats. The course of the disease was acute, subacute or chronic. Anaemia was the principal clinocopathological feature of the disease. The rate of development of anaemia was not related to the degree of parasitaemia. Other clinical signs included emaciation, weakness, rough hair coat, profuse lacrimation and development of corneal opacity. Bone marrow of infected goats showed marked erythroid hyperplasia. Erythrophagocytosis and haemosiderosis in the bone marrow, liver and spleen were the principal histopathogical features in infected goats.
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PMID:Observations on the course and pathology of Trypanosoma vivax in Red Sokoto goats. 737 29

A 43-year-old man with lifelong anaemia showed features which indicate him to have a previously undescribed variant of congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA), type II. The main clinical features--of which the first two are unique or very unusual in CDA--have been severe tophaceous gout, massive splenomegaly, gall stones mecessitating cholecystectomy and haemosiderosis affecting the liver and probably the heart. At age 41 he sustained a spontaneous retinal detachment. In the peripheral blood there were large numbers of nucleated red blood cells and marked macrocytosis; otherwise the picture was typical of CDA type II. The bone marrow contained many bi- and multi-nucleated erythrocyte precursors. There were increased levels of a number of red cell enzymes and a slightly raised level of HbF. Uncharacteristically, the red cells failed to lyse with acidified normal serum. The cells were strongly agglutinated by anti-i and were of the rare Kpb-negative phenotype. Plasma lipid analysis showed very low levels of cholesterol and vitamin E. Lipid peroxidation was markedly increased. Ultrastructural studies showed reduplication of the erythrocyte, granulocyte, and platelet cell membranes.
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PMID:Congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia (CDA) with severe gout, rare Kell phenotype and erythrocyte, granulocyte and platelet membrane reduplication: a new variant of CDA type II. 737 99

A 54 year-old previously healthy woman was admitted with staphylococcus aureus septicaemia. The patient had been treated with oral iron supplementation for two years due to fatigue. In the evaluation of postinfectious anaemia, serum transferrin saturation and serum ferritin were found persistently elevated with values of 74% and 950 micrograms/1, respectively. Hereditary haemochromatosis was suspected even though there was no history of liver disease or diabetes mellitus in the family. A bone marrow biopsy showed a normal content of haemosiderin iron. The liver biopsy revealed haemosiderosis, mainly located to the periportal hepatocytes, and fibrosis in the portal tracts. The HLA-type was A3, B7, B37. Over a period of ten months, a total of 3.9 g of iron was removed by venesection while S-ferritin declined to 31 micrograms/l. A sister to the proband had an identical HLA type, but normal iron status markers, either indicating heterozygosity or homozygosity with lack of penetrance. In preclinical hereditary haemochromatosis, early diagnosis and treatment is essential in order to prevent organ damage and to improve prognosis. Prophylactic screening is recommended. The identification of one homozygous subject in a Danish year-cohort of 60.000 persons costs approximately 40.000 Danish kroner (7.000 US+).
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PMID:[Preclinical hereditary hemochromatosis--is there an indication for preventive screening?]. 765 9

The presence of widespread hemorrhage from the microvasculature of the lung into the alveolar spaces defines what is called the "alveolar hemorrhage syndrome", which can occur in association with a wide variety of clinical disorders. The cardinal manifestations of this syndrome include: hemoptysis, unexplained anemia and diffuse alveolar infiltrates on chest roentgenograms. Since the pulmonary features are similar, the diagnosis usually depends on the clinical, laboratory and pathologic evaluations. Early diagnosis and treatment is crucial since the occurrence of pulmonary hemorrhage in this syndrome may represent a catastrophic event with fatal consequences. Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH) has been identified as a cause of alveolar hemorrhage in a small number of cases, mainly by exclusion criteria. We report a case of a 70-year old man who presented with a 40-year history of intermittent hemoptysis and bilateral upper lobes alveolar infiltrates proved to be secondary to idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis. Although the lung apices are frequently spared in IPH, they were the site of the infiltrates in our case. To our knowledge, our patient had the longest survival time ever reported in the literature in adult IPH. A brief review of some of the disorders commonly associated with alveolar hemorrhage is also presented.
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PMID:Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis and alveolar hemorrhage syndrome: case report and review of the literature. 774 Mar


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