Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental infections of Babesia microti in laboratory-reared Clethrionomys glareolus revealed that approximately 15% of the erythrocytes were infected with single ring forms during peak parasitemia. Infected erythrocytes could be detected in blood smears up to one month post infection. C. glareolus treated with a single injection of Depo-Medrol i.m. two days prior to infection displayed a four-fold increase in number of infected erythrocytes at peak parasitemia, 35% of which contained more than one Babesia, and a prolongation of the infection. B. microti infections in 35 laboratory--reared Lemmus lemmus were fatal. Multiple invasion of erythrocytes, anemia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, anorexia and weight loss, and adrenal and splenic hypertrophy were characteristic for B. microti infections in Norwegian lemmings.
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PMID:Fatal experimental Babesia microti infections in the Norwegian lemming, Lemmus lemmus (L.). 35 67

Postparturient hemoglobinuria in a Quebec dairy herdA case of post parturient hemoglobinuria which occurred in a Quebec dairy herd is reported. Anemia and hypophosphoremia were present in many animals without any clinical signs, while others were showing severe signs of hemoglobinuria. History, diagnostic techniques and treatment are discussed.
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PMID:[Postparturient hemoglobinuria in a Quebec dairy herd (author's transl)]. 50 83

2,3-Dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole, a DNA synthesis inhibitor, was given to 25 patients in a phase I study. The drug was administered by rapid iv infusion daily x 5 days at 3-week intervals at doses ranging from 150 to 1500 mg/m2/day. Side effects were observed with doses of greater than or equal to 1000 mg/m2/day and included nausea and vomiting, diarrhea, dark urine, and anemia. At doses of 1500 mg/m2, three patients had evidence of hemolysis (two had hemoglobinuria and one had acute intravascular hemolysis). The hemolysis was severe enough to cause death in one patient and necessitated abandoning further dose escalation. There was minimal or no myelosuppression at any dose level. No objective tumor regression was observed in any of the 16 patients evaluable for response. Further studies are recommended to carefully evaluate the etiology of the hemolysis before proceeding to a phase II trial. It is unlikely that this drug will prove to be useful unless methods for circumventing hemolysis are developed.
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PMID:Phase I clinical evaluation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazo[1,2-b]pyrazole. 52 19

Cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia in a dog was manifested by weakness, progressive hemolytic anemia, hematuria, and hemoglobinuria. Corticosteroid therapy failed to alleviate the anemia. The condition became complicated by Haemobartonella canis infection berminally. Prominent postmortem findings included disseminated thrombosis and infarction, glomerulonephritis, and thickened alveolar membranes.
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PMID:Cold-agglutinin hemolytic anemia and Haemobartonella canis infection in a dog. 68 83

Administration by the owner of three 325-mg (5-gr) tablets of acetaminophen (N-acetyl-p-aminophenol) to each of 2 adult Burmese cats was associated with severe illness of both cats and death of one. Administration of two 325-mg tablets to each of 2 experimental adult cats resulted in severe illness. Marked cyanosis was observed in experimental cats within 4 hours after administration of one 325-mg tablet. Cyanosis was apparently due to anoxia associated with conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin by acetaminophen or its metabolites. Anemia, hemoglobinuria, and icterus were subsequently observed in the cats. Anemia and hemoglobinuria were caused by intravascular hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC). Icterus was due to both lysis of RBC and hepatic necrosis. Facial edema developed in 3 of 4 cats, but the pathogenesis of this lesion was not determined. The doses of acetaminophen were extremely large; however, administration of comparable doses to cats by their owners is a potential hazard because the drug is available without prescription as a 325-mg tablet. From information available at present, it seems that acetaminophen administration to the cat causes more dramatic clinical signs and is more likely to be fatal than the same doses of salicylates. Because phenacetin is metabolized to acetaminophen, similar clinical signs may occur in cats given phenacetin.
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PMID:Acetaminophen toxicosis in the cat. 111 50

Splenectomized andnonsplenectomized dogs were experimentally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Infectivity of parasites was retained for 1 month in samples of blood kept at 4 C in a mixture with Alsever's, acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), or ammonium-potassium oxalate solutions. When samples were slowly frozen to -70 C in a mixture with citrate solution, the parasites remained infective for 4 months. The average prepatent period was 3.3 days in splenectomized dogs and 4 days in nonsplenectomized dogs. Clinical signs were mild fever and anemia in nonsplenectomized dogs and fever, anemia, icterus, and rarely, hemoglobinuria in splenectomized dogs. Blood packed cell volume (PCV) decreased to as little as 11%, and total bilirubin increased to as great as 0.85 mg/dl. Latent parasitemia was still detectable in some dogs 135 days after the initial parasitemia. Gross pathologic changes mainly involved liver and spleen. Hepatic degeneration was always present.
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PMID:Some observations on experimentally induced infection of dogs with Babesia gibsoni. 111 27

Total heme catabolism has been studied through measurement of the endogenous production of carbon monoxide (VCO) in 8 patients with hemolysis, 7 with hypoproliferative anemia, 10 with refractory anemia and hypercellular bone marrow and 7 with splenomegaly, 6 of whom had myeloid metaplasia. Simultaneously, catabolism of circulating red cell hemoglobin heme (Vheme-c) was measured through labelling of the red cells with 51Cr, and the VCA/Vheme-c ratio was calculated for each patient. From a control group it was calculated that this ratio should vary around 1.5. Since no isotope studies were performed in the control group, no range could be defined. Among patients with hemolysis the VCO/Vheme-c ratio was found to vary between 1.3 and 1.8 except in 2 cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and PNH?, respectively, in whom the ratios were found to be 0.6 and 0.7 suggesting some heme catabolism without corresponding CO formation. In the hypoproliferative group the ratio varied between 1.2 and 1.8 except in one patient treated with androgens, in whom the ratio was found to be 2.9, suggesting increased extraerythrocytic heme turnover. In patients with myeloid metaplasia the ratio varied between 1.3 and 1.8. On the other hand, the ratio varied getween 2.4 and 3.0 among patients with refractory anemia and hypercellular bone marrow, thus confirming earlier findings that in this type of anemia turnover of bone marrow heme is markedly increased. A significant correlation was found between VCO and initial morning COHb%(r equals 0.84). The conclusions drawn are (a) that Vheme-c sometimes represents less than 50% of total heme turnover and (b) that COHb and/or VCO reflect total heme turnover except in patients with blood loss or intravascular hemolysis with hemoglobinuria.
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PMID:Heme catabolism, carbon monoxide production and red cell survival in anemia. 112 65

Two cases of Auto-immune hemolytic anemia (AHA) in the horse are described. The pathogenesis of AHA in man is related to the findings in the horses. Besides from routine hematological and biochemical investigations specific data were obtained from the erythrocyte osmotic fragility test, the Coombs test, the serum haptoglobulin level and the cold agglutinin test. The first patient, a six month old Dutch standardbred colt, probably suffered from an acute attack of cold-induced hemoglobinuria with severe anemia and acronecrosis of the tops of both ears and of several parts of the skin that had been in close contact with the cold floor. The second patient, a nine years old Friesian mare, showed a type of AHA resembling the acute hemolyte type of cold agglutinin disease in man. This patient had a clear septicemic picture, extensive bacteriological examination, however, was negative.
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PMID:Auto-immune hemolytic anemia in two horses. 116 84

Three patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria accompanied by chronic renal lesions were studied. All the cases had histories of severe hemolytic anemia and repeated hemoglobinuria. The biopsy specimen of the kidney of two patients (Case 1 and Case 2) showed interstitial nephritis. Renal glucosuria, tubular proteinuria, increased urate clearance (Case 2) and reduced tubular reabsorption of phosphate (Case 3) were revealed in Case 2 and Case 3, suggesting renal tubular impairment. From the nephrological point of view, hemodynamic alteration resulting from intravascular hemolysis and severe persistent chronic anemia may primarily be responsible for the renal impairment.
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PMID:Renal impairment in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. 117 24

The glycol ethers methoxyethanol (ME), ethoxyethanol (EE), and butoxyethanol (BE) are widely used in industrial and household products. Rodent studies indicate the ME and EE are potentially toxic compounds causing teratogenic, fetotoxic, hematotoxic, and testicular effects. Exposure of rodents to high concentrations of BE resulted in anemia due to hemolysis of blood cells, leukopenia, hemoglobinuria, and liver and kidney damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the uptake, metabolism, and excretion of dermally administered glycol ethers as a function of the externally applied dose. Three different amounts of the 14C-labeled glycol ethers (450-4000 mumole/kg) were applied to same-sized areas on the clipped backs of F344/N rats, and nonoccluded percutaneous absorption was measured. The rates of excretion of the 14C-labeled parent compound and metabolites by different routes were measured, as well as the amount of 14C remaining in the carcass. Within the dose range studied, the absorption and metabolism of these three glycol ethers by F344/N rats was linearly related to the dermally applied dose. The absorption of all three glycol ethers was approximately 20-25%, regardless of the chain length of the alkyl group or the dose administered. The majority of the absorbed dose was excreted in the urine. Feces and exhaled CO2 represented minor routes of excretion. The alkoxyacetic acid was a major metabolite for all three glycol ethers. The formation of small amounts of ethylene glycol indicated cleavage of the ether bond.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Effect of dose on the disposition of methoxyethanol, ethoxyethanol, and butoxyethanol administered dermally to male F344/N rats. 139 93


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