Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An autopsy case of severe thrombocytosis associated with cancer of gallbladder is described as the first case in the literature. A 78-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital with abnormal hepatic functions on August 6, 1975. Laboratory examination revealed platelet count of 5,664,000/cu mm, anemia, leukocytosis and bilirubinemia. Jaundice was progressive and the patient died after a month. Severe thrombocytosis persisted throughout the course. Main autopsy findings were cancer of gallbladder with metastasis to the liver, fibrosis of spleen and purulent bronchopneumonia. A possible mechanism of unusually severe degree of thrombocytosis associated with the present case is discussed in light of the literature.
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PMID:Cancer of gallbladder with severe thrombocytosis. 71 86

Eighteen patients with advanced squamous cell cancer of the head and neck were treated with cis-diamminedichloroplatinum in a 24-hour infusion. The most frequent dose used was 80 mg/m2 repeated every three weeks. Six were treated preoperatively for Stage III or IV disease, and twelve were treated for recurrent disease. The overall response rate was 72% with one complete remission, greater than 50% regression in six patients, and 25--50% regression in six patients. Toxicity was minimal: creatinine greater than 2 in 6% of courses, leukopenia in 9%, anemia in 29%, vomiting in 76%, and documented minimal hearing loss in one patient. Plasma and urine platinum levels during infusion are presented. The dosage of 80 mg/m2 administered over 24 hours gives a response rate in head and neck cancers equivalent to that reported with higher doses given by rapid infusion, and toxicity is minimal.
Cancer 1978 Nov
PMID:24-hour infusion of cis-platinum in head and neck cancers. 71 1

The results of the study of 37 patients with gastric polyps are analysed. The different methods show as most frequent findings; solitary polyps, 73%; sessile, 60%; of antral localization, 70%; smaller than 2 cm., 78%; with chronic gastritis histology, 50%; and with hypochlorhydria, 77% (achlorhydria, 62%). The incidence of malignancy was of 10%. The fost frequent concomitant pathologies were cholecystopathy (33%) and diabetes mellitus (30%). Abdominal pain, anaemia and digestive tube bleeding were the most frequent findings, with an incidence of 40%. An attempt is made to establish diagnostic and therapeutics standards and follow up criteria are presented.
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PMID:[Gastric polyps: review and analysis of 37 cases]. 74 5

By application of the method of quantitative 14C-autoradiography, the kinetics of erythroblast proliferation were studied in seven patients with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA), in five cases of anemia associated with infection or malignancy (ACD), and in two patients with bleeding anemia (BLA). The turnover rate of erythroblasts was significantly reduced in IDA and ACD, and was normal in BLA. Proliferation and maturation of erythroblasts in IDA and ACD were increasingly slowed down with advancing development into mature cells. Neither changes in the number of cell divisions nor ineffective erythropoiesis were observed within the proliferative compartments. The kinetic impairments found in IDA and ACD could readily be counterbalanced by a twofold increase in the rate of stem cell differentiation. Within recognizable erythropoiesis, no compensatory effort was detectable, not even in proerythroblasts. Insufficient compensation at the stem cell level is therefore regarded as the prime lesion in IDA and ACD.
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PMID:Kinetics of erythroblast proliferation in states of hypoferremia. 75 May 41

Several forms of drug-induced anemia are discussed. Anemia resulting from toxic effects on the marrow may occur after large doses or long treatment courses of alkylating agents, the plant alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, and antibiotics used in cancer chemotherapy. A lesion of the stem cells in bone marrow is thought to be caused. Aplastic anemia has been produced by chloramphenicol in a small percentage of cases. This has led to its disuse except when no suitable alternative is available or where the mortality of the disease being treated is high. Some nonnarcotic analgesics, e.g., amidopyrine, have caused agranulocytosis. Gold injections have also been implicated. Insecticides or an inhaled agent such as benzine or a glue solvent may cause hypoplastic anemia. A list is given of drugs that have been reported as having caused aplastic anemia. Chromosomal changes have rarely been reported. An alleric mechanism is sometimes responsible for drug-induced aplastic anemia. There may be individual variations in ability to metabolize a drug. Treatment of drug-induced aplastic anemia requires transfusions. Bone marrow transplants have also been used. Antibiotic therapy is needed. Oral contraceptives may be of value if there is menorrhagia. Megaoloblastic anemia may be due to defective metabolism of folate. Anticonvulsant drugs may also cause megaloblastic anemia, especially primidone. Giving folic acid with these drugs may prevent this development. Oral contraceptives have been reported to cause folate depletion but megaloblastic anemia has not been shown to follow. Alimentary bleeding with peptic ulcer or following drug use may cause anemia. Sideroblastic anemia may be a congenital abnormality of iron metabolism or an acquired form induced by drugs or lead poisoning. Pyridoxine therapy is used. Drug-induced leukemia may follow use of radioactive compounds or may develop in patients with a drug-induced aplastic anemia.
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PMID:Drug-induced anaemias. 78 36

A brief survey of the literature on the side effects of oral contraceptives is given. Of the many influences on laboratory results those related to (reversible) cholestasis or to a change in protein synthesis are the most important ones. A decrease of the tolerance for glucose is sometimes observed. Few of the clinical side effects attributed to oral contraceptives can be directly correlated with the pharmaceutical action of these drugs. Many so-called side effects of the pill are due to other factors such as altered psychosociological or sexual behavior, etc. However, among users of oral contraceptives there is a significant decrease in the number of benign tumors, particularly of the breast, the uterus and the ovaries. It is still an open question if this also signifies protection against cancer. Anemias due to iron deficiency are less frequent among users of the pill. According to recent studies arterial hypertension and cholecystopathies are probably directly related to oral contraceptives, but a causal relation has not been proven for migraine, headaches, depression etc. An elevated risk for vascular complications seems to be well established: there is a 4-6-fold increase of the estimated risk for venous thrombo-embolism and a 4-9-fold increase for cerebrovascular accidents among users of oral contraceptives when compared with nonpregnant women of the same age not using the pill. Oral contraceptives act as a supplementary factor of risk which may cumulate with other similar factors, such as arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, overweight, smoking etc. Mortality due to oral contraceptives is very much 10-50 x) inferior to the one caused by delivery and the post partum state. Since the number of failures in prevention of pregnancies is less for oral contraceptives than for any other method of contraception, the overall risk of death under oral contraceptives in this age group of women is least.
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PMID:[Real and seeming side-effects of oral contraceptives with an emphasis on medical and haematological problems. Review of literature (author's transl)]. 79 Mar 74

Phase II chemotherapy trials of dianhydrogalactitol and VP-16-213 were conducted in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who had measurable malignant disease which served as indicators of response to therapy. Dianhydrogalactitol was given in a 5-day course at a dosage of 30 mg/m2/day. Toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. There was a definite tendency to a compounding of hematologic toxicity with repeated courses. No evidence of objective therapeutic response was observed among 30 patients treated. VP-16-213 was given at a dosage of 130 mg/m2 on Days 1, 3, and 5. Toxic reactions included nausea, vomiting, alopecia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia. Hematologic toxicity was more severe in patients with elevated serum bilirubin levels. No evidence of objective therapeutic response was observed among 28 patients treated.
Cancer Treat Rep 1976 Sep
PMID:Phase II studies of dianhydrogalactitol and VP-16-213 in colorectal cancer. 79 47

Marrow regulation and iron metabolism were evaluated in 17 patients with mild or moderate anemia associated with chronic disorders. In addition, whole blood P50 and red cell 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) levels were measured. The study group consisted of seven patients with non-hematologic malignancies, nine with infection or inflammation, and one with idiopathic hypoproliferative anemia. The mean whole blood P50 and DPG levels were elevated to 28.5 +/- 1.9 mm Hg and 7.03 +/- 0.83 mumole/ml packed RBC, respectively, as compared to normal values of 26.6 +/- 0.6 mm Hg and 4.83 +/- 0.33 mumole/ml packed RBC. Erythropoietin (ESF) excretion was variable (1.1-28.7 IRP U, day), clearly elevated above normal in only three patients and, within the study group, bore no relation to hematocrit. While nine of the 17 subjects had ESF excretion rates within the 95% limits predicted by hematocrit, the remaining eight had lower than expected values. No significant differences in ferrokinetics, ESF excretion, or hematologic profile were found between patients with malignancy and those with inflammation. Marrow transit times correlated inversely with both serum and urine ESF activity (r = -0.57, p less than 0.02; and r = -0.63, p less than 0.01, respectively), indicating that the marrow reticulocyte release response to ESF stimulation was unimpaired. Erythroid iron turnovers were unrelated to serum or urinary ESF activity but were significantly correlated with serum iron levels expressed as microgram/100 ml whole blood (r = 0.56, p less than 0.02). These studies suggest that there is an intraerythrocytic response to the anemia in this group of patients, document that reduced ESF production is not a uniform finding with the anemia of chronic disorders, and provide evidence that the marrow proliferative response to anemia is limited in many patients primarily by the availability of iron.
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PMID:The anemia of chronic disorders: studies of marrow regulation and iron metabolism. 80 11

A specific and quantitative immunological method for determination of human erythrocyte carbonic anhydrase (HCA) isoenzyme B has been used to determine the contents of enzyme in the erythrocytes from healthy persons and from subjects with different types of anemia. The investigations have shown a statistically significant increase of HCA type B in the erythrocytes of subjects suffering from uremic anemia, cancer anemia, megaloblastic anemia while in sideropenic anemia the content was normal. In erythrocytes from patients with acute bleeding anemia the content of HCA type B was significantly decreased. An inverse relationship was found between B-hemoglobin and HCA type B in megaloblastic anemia but not in the other types of anemia.
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PMID:Carbonic andydrase isoenzyme B in erythrocytes of subjects with different types of anemia. 82 Apr 91

Ten episodes of Torulopsis glabrata fungemia occurring in nine patients with terminal illnesses are described. Eight patients had underlying malignancies and one patient had a plastic anemia. Two episodes of fungemia were considered transient since they were clearly related to the administration of intravenous hyperalimentation (IVH). Most patients were adult women and had solid tumors of the genitourinary tract. Contributory factors were: antibiotic therapy (100%), immunosuppressive drugs (75%), abdominal surgery (63%), IVH (50%), neutropenia (38%), and diabetes mellitus (13%). The clinical course was indistinguishable from a severe bacterial infection. However, endotoxic shock was not observed. The infection was rapidly fatal in four patients. In the remaining five patients, the infection was altered favorably by the discontinuation of infected intravenous hyperalimentation catheters. However, tissue invasion by T. glabrata was found in two of these patients who died shortly thereafter from tumor progression. At autopsy, T. glabrata was identified in tissue sections of the lungs, kidneys, and mucosas of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts. In all cases there was tissue necrosis with a minor inflammatory response consisting of mononuclear cells. To our knowledge, this is the single largest series of T. glabrata fungemia ever reported.
Cancer 1976 Oct
PMID:Fungemia due to Torulopsis glabrata in the compromised host. 82 17


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