Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thirteen consecutive stage II breast cancer patients were treated with long-term adjuvant chemotherapy using chlorambucil. At least three of these patients developed acute myelogenous leukemia (AML). All three patients (and possibly a fourth) who developed AML were postmenopausal, received continuous chlorambucil for greater than or equal to 4 years, had acute red cell anemia at the time of treatment, and had a wbc count in the range of 2700-7700/mm3. After the chlorambucil was discontinued, the wbc count began to slowly rise and the patient developed clinical AML. In all three patients, the diagnosis of AML was established by pathologists on the basis of bone marrow biopsy, aspirate, and peripheral smears. Each of these was subsequently reviewed by the hematologist who treated the patients for AML. Patients who have breast cancer (or any other solid tumor malignancy) are at risk to develop a second malignancy. However, an increasing number of reports are appearing suggesting more than just a casual relationship between leukemia and the use of alkylating agents. This may be related to the dose and duration of therapy with these agents.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Aug
PMID:Acute myelogenous leukemia in patients receiving chlorambucil as long-term adjuvant chemotherapy for stage II breast cancer. 27 42

The effect of a leukemic environment on normal erythroid and granulocytic colony formation was examined in in vivo plasma clot diffusion chamber cultures implanted into Shay chloroleukemic rat hosts at varying stages of the disease. Normal bone marrow cells isolated in plasma clot diffusion chamber cultures in leukemic hosts displayed significant differences in the pattern of normal bone marrow colony growth. Granulocyte colony-forming units were significantly inhibited by leukemic hosts throughout the course of the disease. The size of developing colonies was reduced to under 100 cells; however, maturation within these clusters appeared unaffected. Erythroid colonies showed a slight inhibition during the early stages of the leukemia, a significant stimulation of 100 to 350% in the midleukemic period, and a significant inhibition of 50 to 65% during the terminal stages of the disease. Burst formation was also inhibited in the late leukemic stages. The transient increase in erythroid colony-forming units on Days 7 and 8 of the leukemia was concomitant with the onset of the anemia associated with the disease. Since the normal bone marrow cells were compartmentalized within the plasma clot diffusion chamber cultures, the suppression of erythroid and granulocytic colony development appears to be directly due to the release of diffusible inhibitory substances from the leukemic animal.
Cancer Res 1979 May
PMID:Leukemic host influence on normal erythrocytic and granulocytic colony formation in in vivo plasma clot diffusion chamber cultures. 28 43

Secondary anemias due to infections, malignancies, endocrinopathies, hepatic and renal disorders, are discussed in terms of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment. Typical features for each type of secondary anemia are presented to enable a diagnosis by means of simple laboratory methods. Differential diagnosis is rather difficult due to complex mechanisms of pathogenesis. The differentiation of iron deficiency, lack of growth factors, and hemolysis is of utmost importance. Frequently too little diagnostic work up is contrasted by too much mostly unnecessary treatment. The significance of neuraminidases in infections needs further research.
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PMID:[Anemias in infection, inflammation, tumors and liver, kidney and endocrine diseases]. 29 13

The pathogenesis of the anemia associated with malignancy was investigated in a patient with T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The plasma clot culture system was used as a measure in vitro of erythropoiesis. The patient's peripheral blood and marrow T lymphocytes obtained both before and after transfusion therapy suppressed erythroid colony formation by normal human bone marrow cells. Pretreatment of the patient's bone marrow T cells by antithymocyte globulin (ATG) and complement reversed this suppression. In addition, pretreatment of the patient's marrow cells with ATG and complement markedly augmented erythropoiesis in vitro. The expression of erythroid activity caused by the selective destruction of the suppressor T lymphocytes in the patient's bone marrow with ATG and the suppression of normal erythropoiesis by the patient's bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes suggest that interaction between the malignant T cell and the erythropoietin-responsive stem cell is important in production of anemia in this patient.
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PMID:T cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: presence in bone marrow and peripheral blood of cells that suppress erythropoiesis in vitro. 30 45

Eleven patients with stage II or III mycosis fungoides lymphoma were treated with a regimen consisting of iv infusions of methotrexate (MTX) (60-240 mg/m2) administered sequentially and oral citrovorum factor. All 11 patients experienced a good to excellent response. Complete remissions were induced in seven of the 11 patients. In most cases remissions were sustained with weekly administration of low-dose (25--50 mg) MTX. Adverse drug reactions, such as leukopenia, anemia, and mucositis, were minimal in degree. Some unique adverse reactions included skin ulcerations (three patients), a leukocytoclastic angiitis (one patient), and painful hands and feet during MTX infusions (two patients). Our experience with this regimen has led us to conclude that it is safe and very effective in the treatment of stages II and III of mycosis fungoides.
Cancer Treat Rep 1978 Jul
PMID:Treatment of mycosis fungoides lymphoma: effectiveness of infusions of methotrexate followed by oral citrovorum factor. 30 91

Cell surface markers of 21 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied with various surface markers, especially by using anti-human B lymphocyte serum (ABS), anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS-T) and anti-human peripheral T lymphocyte serum (ALS-T) which were rendered specific for human B lymphocytes, human thymocytes and human peripheral T lymphocytes. The proportion of cell types in ALL was null cell leukemia 38%, B cell leukemia 38% and T cell leukemia 24%, respectively. T-ALL cells were reactive to ATS-T but not to ALS-T, a fact which suggests their thymic origin. It should be noted that these anti-lymphocyte sera detected T or B marker antigens, even when other markers showed negative. Twelve patients with ALL were also investigated from their clinical pictures. Patients with B cell leukemia had severe signs of anemia and a higher grade of hepato-splenomegalies than other types in ALL. Patients with T cell leukemia were in older age levels and had a poorer prognosis.
Cancer 1978 Dec
PMID:A study of surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. 31 Mar 35

This work is a retrospective study of 50 cases of DHX, collected over a period of 27 years. 24 children died, 26 are still alive. The prognosis for DHX was neither dependent on age (usually occurring in children under 2 years) nor on histological findings but on the extent of the lesions. It was possible to establish a clinical staging system distinguishing 2 groups. One, where the disease was severe and almost always fatal, often included the combined symptoms of thrombocytopenia, spontaneous anemia, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory insufficiency and absence of osteolytic lesions. The other, with a favorable prognosis, was characterized by skin lesions, diabetes insipidus, exclusively radiological pulmonary involvement and multiple bone lesions. In cases where death did not occur, DHX was often chronic, frequently persisting for 2 years or more and leading to serious sequelae such as diabetes insipidus, growth stunting, intellectual retardation, blindness or deafness.
Cancer 1979 Nov
PMID:Disseminated histiocytosis X: analysis of prognostic factors based on a retrospective study of 50 cases. 31 67

Acute myelofibrosis is a rare but distinct accelerated variant of agnogenic myeloid metaplasia that is characterized by marked anemia, peripheral blood myeloblastosis and normoblastosis, a lack of teardrop poikilocytosis, and prominent myelofibrosis. There is usually no palpable hepatosplenomegaly or lymph node enlargement. The clinical course is remarkable short. We describe a 63-year-old man who presented with idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia and subsequently developed acute myelofibrosis. Intensive polychemotherapy with vincristine, cytosine arabinoside, and prednisone and a later trial of oxymetholone therapy were ineffective. He died 134 days after the diagnosis of acute myelofibrosis was established. The 11 previously reported cases of acute myelofibrosis are reviewed, and the relationships of acute myelofibrosis to other myeloproliferative disorders and to idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia are discussed.
Cancer 1977 Jan
PMID:Idiopathic acquired sideroblastic anemia terminating in acute myelofibrosis: case report and review of leterature. 31 17

Mutant alleles at the steel locus produce the pleiotropic effects of congenital anemia, sterility, and lack of hair pigmentation. Strain (WC/Re X C57BL/6)F1 Sl/Sld mice lived only half as long as heterozygotes and homozygous normal controls, differing only at the steel locus. Lymphocytic leukemia developed spontaneously in 37% of mice of the Sl/Sld genotype at an average age of 370 +/- 25 days and in 5% of heterozygotes and homozygous normal controls at 965 +/- 41 days. Severe ulcerative dermatitis occurred in 56% of Sl/Sld mice at an average age o4f 441 +/- 21 days and in 20% of heterozygotes and homozygous normal controls at 722 +/- 50 days. The mutant steel alleles provided an opportunity for study of the role of chronic anemia in life shortening and of a mechanism of gene action in spontaneous leukemogenesis.
J Natl Cancer Inst 1977 Jan
PMID:Effects of mutant steel alleles on leukemogenesis and life-span in the mouse. 31 42

Conventional chemotherapy and local radiotherapy have failed to reverse the progressive haematological and immunological deterioration that characterizes the natural history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. At the National Cancer Institute, we have demonstrated that treatment with fractionated total-body irradiation has induced remissions sufficiently complete to modify the manifestations of disease which affect survival adversely. One-third of patients with active CLL have experienced responses distinguished by complete resolution of symptoms and palpable disease, correction of anaemia, restoration of the leucocyte count and differential to normal, clearing of the lymphocytic bone-marrow infiltration, and recovery from immunological incompetence. A distinct correlation has been observed between the response to therapy and the subsequent clinical course. The quality of life has been improved and the duration of survival prolonged in the group of patients who obtained the most favourable response (Type 1) to treatment. This establishes a rational for future attempts at reducing still further the tumour-cell burden. This view is in contrast to the generally accepted view that treatment has little if any influence upon the course of the disease or its prognosis.
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PMID:Radiotherapy as primary treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. 33 13


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