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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Lead has a wide range of applications, and its production and use result in contamination of the environment, including food and drinking water. Geochemical studies indicate that the majority of lead in ecosystems originated from industrial operations, and that human lead intake has increased 100-fold above the "natural" level. Prehistoric human skeletons contain about two orders of magnitude less lead than present-day samples. Biochemical interference with heme biosynthesis can be detected as a result of current lead exposures, inhibition of aminolevulinate dehydratase and accumulation of zinc protoporphyrin in erythrocytes being the earliest effects. Anemia is uncommon except for cases of lead poisoning, but even slightly increased lead absorption results in a decrease in hemoglobin concentrations. Modern neurobehavioral test methods have disclosed increased prevalence of psychological dysfunction associated with augmented lead absorption. Biochemical and behavioral changes occur below the recommended limit for blood lead concentration of 60 micrograms/100 ml. Several diagnostic tests for lead toxicity are available. The protoporphyrin concentration in the blood seems to be the best risk indicator. The highest occupational lead exposures occur in lead smelters and storage battery plants, but several other industrial operations may result in high lead levels. As much as 1% of the working population may have a significantly increased lead absorption with possible adverse effects.
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PMID:Widening perspectives of lead toxicity. A review of health effects of lead exposure in adults. 40 Sep 72

There is an increased incidence of chronic disease in old age, and blood disorder is not uncommon. Some diseases are more frequent in the latter half of life, while others -- such as the hereditary disorders -- are rare and occur only in a mild degree. Diagnosis of blood disease is more difficult in the elderly because symptoms of anaemia such as weakness, shortness of breath and mental disorder are often attributed to old age.
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PMID:Blood diseases in old age. 85 40

EEGs were recorded in 54 patients with pernicious anemia. Six patients without nervous system involvement had normal EEGs, 10 patients with spinal cord or peripheral nervous system involvement had normal or minimally abnormal EEGs, 17 of 19 patients with evidence of mental dysfunction had abnormal EEGs with the most consistent finding being an excess of theta slowing, and 19 patients with pernicious anemia and other neurologic diseases showed EEG findings reflecting the complicating disease process. In general, the EEG abnormalities in patients with pernicious anemia correlated well with the presence of cerebral dysfunction but not with the degree of anemia. The EEG was also a good indicator for detecting and confirming other intracranial disease processes unrelated to pernicious anemia.
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PMID:The electroencephalogram in pernicious anemia. 126 98

Factors associated with mortality were examined for 27,370 hip fracture patients aged 65 years or older in Maryland hospitals, using discharge data for 1979-1988. Variables of interest included sociodemography, principal medical and injury diagnoses, E-code, year, disposition, and hospital. For both white males and white females, the hip fracture rate doubled with each 5-year increment in age. The overall proportion who died during hospitalization was 4.9% (n = 1,339). After multivariate adjustment, there remained a substantially increased risk of death for males. The relative odds (RO) of dying for males versus females were 1.6. Other factors associated with high relative odds of dying during hospitalization included the diagnosis of septicemia (RO = 12.3), pneumonia/influenza (RO = 4.9), and digestive system disorder (RO = 3.6). The RO of dying doubled in the presence of cardiac, neoplastic, or cerebrovascular disease. Patients with diagnoses of nervous system or mental disorder, hypertension, anemia, musculoskeletal system disease, or urinary tract infection were at decreased risk of dying. Results of the study suggest that the prevention or early diagnosis and treatment of serious infections in the elderly patient with a hip fracture remain an important challenge to clinicians.
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PMID:Hip fractures among the elderly: factors associated with in-hospital mortality. 174 23

This review discusses nutrition and related health problems among homeless Americans, summarizes recent information, and identifies needs for services and future research. The nature of homelessness today provides a context for the discussion. Many homeless persons eat fewer meals per day, lack food more often, and are more likely to have inadequate diets and poorer nutritional status than housed U.S. populations. Yet many homeless people eligible for food stamps do not receive them. While public and private agencies provide nutritious food and meals for homeless persons, availability of the services to homeless persons is limited. Many homeless people lack appropriate health care, and certain nutrition-related health problems are prevalent among them. Compared with housed populations, alcoholism, anemia, and growth problems are more common among homeless persons, and pregnancy rates are higher. The risks vary among homeless persons for malnutrition, nutrition-related health problems, drug and alcohol abuse, and mental illness. For example, among homeless persons, fewer heads of families than single adults are substance abusers, and mental illness varies in prevalence among single men, single women, and parents in homeless families. Homeless persons need improved access to food, nutrition, and health services. More nutrition education needs to be available to them and to service providers. Use of representative samples and validation of self-reported nutrition and health data will help future investigators to clarify the relationships between the characteristics of the homeless and their nutritional status.
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PMID:Nutrition and health services needs among the homeless. 190 87

The charts of 100 adolescents admitted to a special unit of a provincial psychiatric hospital were reviewed. These patients primarily had a conduct disorder (71.6% of boys and 77.5% of girls) or an affective disorder (6.6% of boys, 15.0% of girls). There was a higher incidence of congenital disorders in the population than expected, suggesting that such disorders may predispose to psychological troubles later in life. Convulsions also occurred more often in this population. Most patients (78.3% of boys and 85.0% of girls) had one or more medical diagnoses. Several potentially serious findings (anemia, pregnancy, hepatomegaly, thyroiditis) were first noted on the admission physical examination. Patients with conduct disorder had certain health problems that are likely to be the result of the psychiatric disorder, such as liver function changes in drug and alcohol abusers and abnormal Pap smears in sexually active girls with multiple partners. If these medical conditions are not followed and treated, they have the potential for causing serious problems at a later date. These findings point out the continued need for the expertise of psychiatrists and other physicians in children's mental health facilities.
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PMID:Family background and physical health of adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric unit, II: Physical health. 270 8

The long-term sequelae of induced abortion were investigated in a prospective cohort study involving 6418 women who had an induced abortion and 8059 controls recruited with an unplanned pregnancy that was not termined through abortion. This article reports on the 729 cases and 1754 controls who had a post-recruitment pregnancy. In general, prior induced abortion had no significant effect on the rate of pregnancy-related morbidity, nor on the rate of congenital abnormalities and neonatal death in the offspring. However, in cases there was an increased risk of urinary tract infection (relative risk, 2.26) and a decreased risk of anemia (relative risk, 0.25). The prospective design of the present studyminimized the problems of unreliable recall of previous induced abortion and the under-reporting of early pregnancy complications. Although 11% of cases had a post-index pregnancy at the time of data analysis compared with 22% of controls, there is no reason to believe that this difference should affect any complication rates of the post-index pregnancy, especially since the rates were adjusted for variables such as age, smoking, parity, and previous mental illness. To determine whether induced abortion reduces the complication rate in the next pregnancy to the same extent as a full-term pregnancy, a further comparison was carried out in which the induced abortion of cases was counted as a full-term pregnancy. The significantly increased relative risk of 1.62 in the cases suggests that induced abortion does not offer the protection of a full-term pregnancy.
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PMID:Pregnancy following induced abortion: maternal morbidity, congenital abnormalities and neonatal death. Royal College of General Practitioners/Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists Joint Study. 331 Nov 36

A study of 510 patients in Scotland and northeastern England with histological evidence of alcohol-induced liver disease showed no difference in the age of presentation between males and females. Single men and widowed females were particularly susceptible to alcoholic liver disease. The social class distribution was similar to the population in general. Women were more reluctant to volunteer a history of alcoholism than men, they had a higher incidence of previous psychiatric illness (usually due to alcohol abuse) and they developed liver disease at lower consumption thresholds of alcohol than men. Patients under 40 years of age were more likely to have alcoholic fatty liver and less likely to have active cirrhosis than those over 40. Most often, the presenting symptoms were non-specific and tended to be related to the gastrointestinal system, particularly in women. Five per cent of patients were asymptomatic and 14% came to hospital for conditions other than alcoholic liver disease. Important clues to asymptomatic alcoholic liver disease included hepatomegaly, clubbing of the fingers and abnormal liver function tests. Gastro-oesophageal varices accounted for 40% of instances of haemorrhage and the mortality from upper gastrointestinal bleeding was 17%. Anaemia was the most common haematological abnormality. Alcoholic hepatitis was observed more frequently in the Glasgow area then elsewhere.
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PMID:Alcoholic liver disease in Scotland and northeastern England: presenting features in 510 patients. 660 94

A group of 196 institutionalized patients with chronic mental illness was studied to determine the prevalence of unrecognized physical disease. Sixty per cent of the patients were found to have previously undiagnosed minor or major disorders, the most prevalent being scabies and fungal infections (24%), peripheral vascular disease (13%), dyskinetic movements (11%) and anaemia (5,5%). Forty-six per cent of the physical disorders were considered to be minor, and only 21% of the major disorders were likely to respond to treatment. In particular there was a striking correlation between peripheral vascular disease and Korsakoff's psychosis. This study shows that there is a need for regular on-going physical assessment of such patients.
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PMID:Physical disease in the chronic mentally ill. 685 11

Postpartum fatigue may be a symptom of significant medical or psychiatric illness and must be distinguished from tiredness, which is a common adaptive response after delivery. Anemia, infections, thyroid disorders, mood disorders and cardiomyopathy are important causes of fatigue in the postpartum period. Recognition and treatment of these conditions improves the medical care of women following delivery.
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PMID:Postpartum fatigue. 801 47


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