Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cell surface markers of 21 cases of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were studied with various surface markers, especially by using anti-human B lymphocyte serum (ABS), anti-human thymocyte serum (ATS-T) and anti-human peripheral T lymphocyte serum (ALS-T) which were rendered specific for human B lymphocytes, human thymocytes and human peripheral T lymphocytes. The proportion of cell types in ALL was null cell leukemia 38%, B cell leukemia 38% and T cell leukemia 24%, respectively. T-ALL cells were reactive to ATS-T but not to ALS-T, a fact which suggests their thymic origin. It should be noted that these anti-lymphocyte sera detected T or B marker antigens, even when other markers showed negative. Twelve patients with ALL were also investigated from their clinical pictures. Patients with B cell leukemia had severe signs of anemia and a higher grade of hepato-splenomegalies than other types in ALL. Patients with T cell leukemia were in older age levels and had a poorer prognosis.
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PMID:A study of surface markers in acute lymphocytic leukemia by using anti-T and anti-B lymphocyte sera. 31 Mar 35

The 25,000 dalton protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) was isolated by gel filtration chromatography. In agreement with results from other laboratories, antisera to type-C and the non-type-C bovine leukemia and equine infectious anemia viruses did not precipitate 125I-labelled MPMV p25. In addition, these viruses did not cross-react in a competition radioimmunoassay for MPMV p25. Twenty-one human tissues (15 breast carcinomas, 2 normal breasts, 3 acute myelogenous leukemias and 1 sarcoma) were fractionated by detergent solubilization, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and DE-52 anion exchange chromatography. These methods were shown to be highly effective for purification of MPMV p25. Under assay conditions which minimized incubation damage to the 125I-MPMV p25, all tissues failed to react in the competition radioimmunoassay (RIAT). Two hundred and two human sera or plasma specimens, including those from patients with breast cancer and 33 age-matched controls, from 50 patients with hematologic malignancies, from 12 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and from 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosis, were examined for antibodies to MPMV p25. With the exception of two multiple myeloma plasma which produced artifactual false positive reactions based on hypergammaglobulinemia, a known complication of salt precipitation radioimmunoassays, the remainder of the specimens were negative for evidence of MPMV p25 antibodies.
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PMID:Radioimmunoassay for the major structural protein of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus: Attempts to detect the presence of antigen or antibody in humans. 40 48

Aluminum is the most abundant metal in the earth's crust. The widespread occurrence of aluminum, both in the environment and in foodstuffs, makes it virtually impossible for man to avoid exposure to this metal ion. Attention was first drawn to the potential role of aluminum as a toxic metal over 50 years ago, but was dismissed as a toxic agent as recently as 15 years ago. The accumulation of aluminum, in some patients with chronic renal failure, is associated with the development of toxic phenomena; dialysis encephalopathy, osteomalacic dialysis osteodystrophy, and an anemia. Aluminum accumulation also occurs in patients who are not on dialysis, predominantly infants and children with immature or impaired renal function. Aluminum has also been implicated as a toxic agent in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease, Guamiam amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and parkinsonism-dementia.
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PMID:Aspects of aluminum toxicity. 219 55

6 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis were treated with intravenous infusion of 100-200 million IU per day of human leukocyte interferon. Side effects of treatment included fever, chills, malaise, nausea, marked leukopenia, mild anemia, and thrombocytopenia. Tiredness, confusion, papilledema, and overall signs of acute encephalitis were observed. Tendon reflexes and muscle force decreased. EEG activity was slowed, and evoked potentials showed significant slowing of conduction times. Neuropsychological tests revealed congitive dysfunction. The syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion developed in all patients. All side effects were reversible with cessation of interferon treatment.
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PMID:Neurotoxic and other side effects of high-dose interferon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. 620 81

The effect of autonomic dysfunctions on anemia in various neurological disorders, such as familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) Type I, pandysautonomia, and Shy-Drager syndrome was examined. As a control, hemograms of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which is known to be free from autonomic dysfunction, was compared with patients with the above neurological disorders. FAP and pandysautonomia patients showed significant anemia comparable with the severity of the autonomic dysfunctions. Shy-Drager patients exhibited mild anemia. However, in ALS patients, no such anemia was recognized at all even in the end stage of this disease. In pandysautonomia patients, hypoplastic bone marrow was recognized, which was quite consistent with the data previously reported in FAP patients. Human recombinant erythropoietin improved orthostatic hypotension as well as anemia in 4 FAP patients. These results suggest that autonomic dysfunction may be deeply connected with erythropoiesis.
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PMID:Autonomic dysfunction and anemia in neurologic disorders. 894 33

METHODS: Evaluated are surgical difficulties, management problems and weight loss in patients with distal gastric bypass as a revisionary procedure. Eighty patients were followed up to 3 years; four were lost to follow-up. Mean age was 43; mean prebariatric surgery weight 134 kg; height 1.65 meters; body mass index 40.1; ideal body weight 62.7 kg; excess weight 70.5 kg; per cent excess weight 214%. A 250 cm stomach-to-ileocecal valve segment of small bowel was used, and the biliopancreatic secretions were brought into the terminal ileum 100 6 in from the ileocecal valve. Mean pouch size was 63 cc; length of hospital stay 5 days; operative blood loss 616 cc; operative time 130 min. RESULTS: Intraoperative complications included three splenic injuries (without splenectomy). Early complications included one deep vein thrombosis, two marginal ulcers, one GI hemorrhage, one wound dehiscence, one pouch outlet obstruction and one pancreatitis. Late complications included: one death from protein malnutrition/ ARDS; 21 hypoproteinemia; six protein malnutrition, and of these, three had hyperalimentation; three cholecystitis; 27 anemia; 22 incisional hernia; two staple-line disruption (reoperated); 26 low serum iron; 11 prolonged (>6 months) diarrhea; three prolonged frequent vomiting; and two unrelated deaths (chronic myelogenous leukemia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). Mean excess weight loss was 83% at 12 months; 89% at 24 months; and 94% at 36 months. CONCLUSION: The distal gastric bypass is fraught with the operative and immediate post-operative complications experienced in any revisionary bariatric surgery. Distal gastric bypass is very effective in producing long-term weight loss. Nutritional problems are common but usually easily corrected. The most serious nutritional complication is protein malnutrition, which must be identified and corrected early. Success of this procedure is dependent upon patient compliance with proper nutrition and supplements, and regular office follow-up with monitoring of laboratory data. Patients who are noncompliant are at significant risk for complications.
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PMID:The Gastric Bypass for Failed Bariatric Surgical Procedures. 1072 55

Motor neuron diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) are neurodegenerative diseases, which cause progressive paralysis and premature death in affected adults and children. The treatment rational for these diseases is to halt or delay the degeneration of motor neurons but to date there are no effective drugs. This may however change with recent advances in gene therapy using lentiviral vectors. These vectors can transfer genes to motor neurons with high efficiency and give long term expression. One of these vector systems, based on the equine infectious anaemia virus (EIAV), can insert genes into the cells of the central nervous system after remote delivery including delivery into the muscle by exploiting retrograde transport pathways. This opens up the exciting possibility of rescuing the denervation of key muscle groups in patients by simple injections of these neurotropic lentiviral vectors into the muscle. This review will describe the general features of lentiviral vectors derived from the EIAV. It will then describe some key examples of gene transfer and genetic correction in animal models of motor neuron disease. The prospects for the clinical evaluation of lentiviral vectors for the treatment of human motor neuron disease will be outlined.
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PMID:Non-primate EIAV-based lentiviral vectors as gene delivery system for motor neuron diseases. 1538 41

Mutations to the copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) gene are responsible for 2-3% of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) cases. These mutations result in the protein having a reduced affinity for zinc. SOD becomes toxic to motor neurons when zinc is missing from its active site. Recently, high dosages of zinc (75 and 375 mg/kg/day) have been paradoxically reported to increase the death of G93A-mutant SOD transgenic mice [G.J. Groeneveld, J. de Leeuw van Weenen, F.L. van Muiswinkel, H. Veldman, J.H. Veldink, J.H. Wokke, P.R. Bar, L.H. van den Berg, Zinc amplifies mSOD1-mediated toxicity in a transgenic mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Neurosci. Lett. 352 (2003) 175-178]. In contrast, we have found that moderate supplementation of zinc (approximately 12 mg/kg/day) delayed death in G93A-mutant SOD mice by 11 days compared to mice on a zinc-deficient diet. Supplementing zinc with even 18 mg/kg/day resulted in a more rapid death of some mice, consistent with the results of Groenevelt et al. However, large amounts of zinc competitively inhibit copper absorption, which inhibits the copper-dependent ceruloplasmin, and can cause a lethal anemia. We found that supplementing the 18 mg/kg/day dosage of zinc with 0.3 mg/kg/day of copper prevented the early death from zinc treatment alone. These data support a role for moderate levels of dietary zinc potentially protecting against the toxicity of ALS-associated SOD and the protection does not result from depleting copper.
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PMID:Protection by dietary zinc in ALS mutant G93A SOD transgenic mice. 1581 96

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with the ability of proliferation, regeneration, conversion to differentiated cells and producing various tissues. Stem cells are divided into two categories of embryonic and adult. In another categorization stem cells are divided to Totipotent, Multipotent and Unipotent cells.So far usage of stem cells in treatment of various blood diseases has been studied (such as lymphoblastic leukemia, myeloid leukemia, thalassemia, multiple myeloma and cycle cell anemia). In this paper the goal is evaluation of cell therapy in treatment of Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury, Multiple Sclerosis, Radiation Induced Intestinal Injury, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Liver Disease, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy, Diabetes, Heart Disease, Bone Disease, Renal Disease, Chronic Wounds, Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Sepsis and Respiratory diseases. It should be mentioned that some disease that are the target of cell therapy are discussed in this article.
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PMID:Stem cell therapy in treatment of different diseases. 2235 76

We have previously demonstrated that the concentration of normal prion proteins (PrP(C)) is increased in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of rats deficient in vitamin B(12) (cobalamin, Cbl). In this study, we investigated whether similar increases also occur in the serum and CSF of patients deficient in Cbl (Cbl-D), and whether the increase in serum levels can be corrected by Cbl therapy. The study involved two sample populations. The first consisted of 45 patients (13 patients with pernicious anemia [PA], 19 with other forms of anemia, and 13 healthy controls); and the second, 68 patients (five with subacute combined degeneration [SCD], 18 with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 22 with multiple sclerosis [MS], and 23 neurological controls). Serum PrP(C) levels were measured using an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay before as well as after Cbl therapy. The mean serum PrP(C) levels in patients with PA were significantly higher than those of the controls (p=0.0017) but normalized after Cbl therapy; there was no significant change in the patients with other forms of anemia. Mean CSF PrP(C) levels in the patients with SCD were significantly higher than in the neurological controls (p<0.03). The serum and CSF PrP(C) levels of patients with PA and those with SCD were correlated significantly with serum (p=0.004) and CSF (p=0.0018) Cbl levels. In patients with MS, CSF PrP(C) concentrations were significantly lower than those of the controls regardless of their CSF Cbl levels. We found a correlation between Cbl and PrP(C) levels in the serum and CSF of Cbl-D patients, which suggests that Cbl may regulate the PrP(C) levels in the serum and CSF in humans.
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PMID:Cobalamin as a regulator of serum and cerebrospinal fluid levels of normal prions. 2314 13


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