Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002871 (anemia)
 52,094 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This review included 92 cases with confirmed primary colon cancer seen at the Veterans Administration Hospital in Sioux Falls, South Dakota between 1988 and 1992. The presenting symptoms and signs and their relation to the site of the tumor, as well as the diagnostic procedures used, methods of treatment and follow-up are presented. Anemia was the initial presentation in 48 patients (52.2%), rectal bleeding in 19 patients (20.4%), and change in bowel habits in 15 patients (16.4%). Seventy-one of these cases (77.2%) were diagnosed by colonoscopy and biopsy, and the remaining 21 patients (23%) were diagnosed by exploratory laparotomy. Invasive adenocarcinoma was the predominant cell type and was present in 75 patients (81%). At the time of diagnosis, 64 (69%) of the patients were in stage I and II and 28 (30.4%) were in stage III and IV. The extent of the disease clearly affects survival, with high mortality in those patients diagnosed at late stages. This review again emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis in reducing the morbidity and mortality from this common neoplasm.
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PMID:Clinicopathologic review of 92 cases of colon cancer. 818 11

Diminutive hyperplastic polyps are the most common non-neoplastic lesions of the colon. Typically, they are small (< 0.5 cm) sessile lesions, lack cellular atypia, and are found predominantly in the rectosigmoid region of the colon. Multiple large hyperplastic polyps (> 1 cm) are rare. Although the relationship between diminutive hyperplastic polyps and adenomatous polyps or carcinoma is controversial, even less data are available on the significance of large hyperplastic polyps. We report the case of a 56-yr-old man who was seen because of fatigue, anemia, and Hemoccult-positive stool. On air contrast barium enema study and colonoscopy, multiple polyps that were similar in appearance were found distributed symmetrically throughout the colon. However, histologic examination revealed 16 hyperplastic polyps 1-2 cm in size, multiple diminutive hyperplastic polyps, one adenomatous polyp, and one adenomatous polyp containing well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. Because multiple large hyperplastic polyps are rare, we suspect this entity may be distinct from diminutive hyperplastic polyps. In our patient, large hyperplastic polyps were distributed symmetrically throughout the colon and were associated with a synchronous carcinoma. Because large hyperplastic polyps may be coincident with adenomatous polyps and carcinoma of the colon, we recommend that patients found to have large hyperplastic polyps undergo removal of all polyps for histologic study.
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PMID:Multiple large hyperplastic polyps of the colon coincident with adenocarcinoma. 827 80

This study reviews the clinicopathologic features of 25 adult patients without a known history of malignancy presenting with metastatic carcinoma in the bone marrow. The disease mainly affected middle-aged to elderly males (mean age, 61.6 years). Bone pain, generalized or confined to the back, was a common presenting complaint. Organomegaly was often absent. Laboratory abnormalities included anaemia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia and a leukoerythroblastic blood picture. Serum alkaline phosphatase level was raised in the majority of cases. In about one-third of the cases, malignancy was not suspected clinically, and bone marrow aspiration was carried out because of incidental finding of abnormal blood counts. The marrow aspirate findings were characterized by numerous to sparse cohesive tumour clusters with nuclear moulding. Over two-thirds of the patients had metastatic adenocarcinoma, and the lung was found to be the commonest site of primary disease. We conclude that since the marrow infiltration can be subtle, marrow smears should be carefully scrutinized for tumour cells in patients with leukoerythroblastic blood picture, in particular those with an elevated serum alkaline phosphatase level.
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PMID:Solid tumour with initial presentation in the bone marrow--a clinicopathologic study of 25 adult cases. 832 25

Sulofenur is a member of a new class of antineoplastic agents with a novel chemical structure and unique pharmacological and biological properties. Preclinical studies have demonstrated a wide spectrum of anti-tumor activity against murine solid tumors and human tumor xenografts. In phase I trials, only mild toxicities were observed. Twenty-six patients (pts), two of whom were inevaluable, with advanced non small cell lung cancer without prior chemotherapy were entered on this phase II trial. Pts received 800 mg/m2 sulofenur po Monday-Friday x 21 days, q 28 days. Seventeen male and 9 female pts with median performance status 1 received a median of 2 courses. Twenty pts had stage IV disease and 19 pts had adenocarcinoma, 6 squamous cell and 1 undifferentiated carcinoma. The main toxicity was grade 1 to 3 anemia in 16 (62%) pts, with hemolysis noted in 9 pts. Although methemoglobinemia was observed in 19 pts, it was severe in only 3 pts. Transient elevation of alkaline phosphatase was seen in 11 pts and one pt had a minor abnormality in glucose metabolism. Other common chemotherapy related side effects such as granulocytopenia or alopecia were not encountered with this agent. Of 24 evaluable pts, two pts had stable disease or minor response and 22 pts had progressive disease. In conclusion although sulofenur had only minor side effects, in the dosage and schedule used, it did not produce any significant response in advanced non-small cell lung cancer.
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PMID:Phase II study of sulofenur (LY 186641). A novel antineoplastic agent in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 839 98

Less than 20% of all cases of non-small cell lung cancer are operable. The treatment option available for such patients is either radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Various combinations of chemotherapeutic agents have been tried. The combination of cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) has been proved to have a synergistic antitumour effect in many experimental and clinical studies. In this paper the authors report the results of a trial using tegafur (which is a prodrug of 5-FU; 1-[2-tetrahydrofuryl]-5-FU) and uracil along with cisplatin in inoperable non-small cell lung cancer. Thirty-one patients were entered into the study, all of whom were less than 75 years old (mean age 61 years). The patients (except for 2) had either stage IIIB (12) or stage IV (17) disease with adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in equal proportions (15 each). A combination of uracil and tegafur (400 mg/m2) in 100 mg capsules (100 mg tegafur and 224 mg of uracil), was given orally for 21 days. Most of the patients received 300 mg of the combination tablets twice a day. Cisplatin (80 mg/m2) was given as an infusion over 90 minutes on day 8 after adequately hydrating the patients. This cycle was repeated every 4 weeks. At least 2 treatment cycles were given, unless there was disease progression or toxicity. The response and survival rates were assessed after a follow up period which ranged between 9 and 30 months. The patients received 1 to 4 cycles of therapy and the response rates were: complete response--nil,partial response--11, no change--11 and disease progression--9. The overall response rate was 35% (95% CI: range 19-52%). Five patients achieved at least 50% tumour reduction after 2 cycles. Of the 11 patients who showed partial response, 5 (35%) had stage IV disease and 6 (36%) had other stages; 6 (40%) had squamous cell carcinomas and 5 (31%) had tumours of other histological types. The median duration of response was 6 months (3-13 months). In stage III disease, the 1-year survival rate was 31%, with a median survival time of 11 months, while in stage IV disease it was 29% with a median survival time of 8 months. There was a low incidence of toxicity, with anaemia (10%), leukopenia (6%) and thrombocytopenia (6%) being the most common side-effects. There were also no treatment-related deaths. The authors concluded that oral uracil and tegafur were as effective as other combinations with cisplatin. They also caused very few side-effects. They suggest that a larger trial needs to be carried out.
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PMID:Chemotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 871 21

Large intestinal adenocarcinoma with osseous metaplasia was diagnosed in two horses, a 15-year-old standard bred gelding and a 9-year-old Haflinger mare. Clinically, both animals had displayed weight loss and anaemia. A presumptive diagnosis of abdominal neoplasia was made and the horses were humanely killed. At necropsy, the gelding and the mare were found to have ulcerated tumours growing into the lumen of the caecum and colon, respectively. In the mare, the mass extended through the mesocolon and was evident in the left dorsal and ventral colon. Histopathologically, the tumours consisted of well-differentiated cords of single-layered columnar to cuboidal epithelial cells. Mitotic figures were very uncommon. In both lesions, well-formed bony spicules and osteoid were present in the fibrovascular stroma. The tumours were well-demarcated from surrounding mucosal tissue but had invaded the intestinal wall. Metastases were not observed.
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PMID:Equine adenocarcinomas of the large intestine with osseous metaplasia. 881 39

The occurrence of small-bowel cancer in Crohn's disease (CD) is a rare event. The risk seems to be greatest in patients with long-standing disease. Strictureplasty has proved to be a valuable alternative in the management of Crohn's strictures of the small-bowel. Critics and proponents of strictureplasty for selected patients with small-bowel Crohn's disease have voiced their concerns about cancer risk in the strictured or strictureplasty site. To date, there has been no clear or detailed report of such an occurrence. The authors report the first case of small-bowel adenocarcinoma arising at the site of a previous strictureplasty. In this patient, biopsies of the strictures at the original operation confirmed CD and excluded both cancer and dysplasia. Malignancy occurred seven years later at a strictureplasty site. The main clinical sign associated with the adenocarcinoma was severe, persistent anemia. The authors conclude that the risk of adenocarcinoma developing at the site of a previous strictureplasty for CD, although small, is real.
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PMID:Adenocarcinoma arising from a strictureplasty site in Crohn's disease. Report of a case. 891 46

Between 1984-1994, 8 cases of MTSI (7 males and one female, between 24-53 years age) have been operated in our Department, representing 2% from all malignant gastrointestinal tumours. The pain as a result of the obstruction, followed by chronic blood loss with anemia and perforation, (4 patients operated in emergency) were the most frequent symptoms, the tumors being localised on jejunum (3) and ileum (5) with a diameter to 3-15 cm. Lymphatic (4), hepatic (2) and peritoneal (I) metastases were present. We performed a wide resection of the bowel and mesentery, including lymph nodes (in 4 cases with radical intention). Histopathological findings: 4 adenocarcinoma, 3 leiomyosarcoma and a lymphoma. Postoperative treatment was selective and consisted in polychemotherapy (PCT) and cobalt therapy (60Co). There was no postoperative mortality, two local recurrences in 6 month. Survival rate at 5 patients was 32 month. At 5 years were in life 2 leiomyosarcoma and 1 adenocarcinoma and at 7 yrs, 1 leiomyosarcoma and 1 adenocarcinoma.
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PMID:[Diagnostic and treatment problems in primary malignant tumors of the small intestine]. 909 Oct 80

In initial studies the dose-limiting toxicity of paclitaxel monotherapy was leukopenia. In these studies, paclitaxel was administered over 24 hrs. The aim of the present phase II clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy and the hematological toxicity of a 3 hr paclitaxel infusion in previously untreated patients with NSCLC. Patients received 4 cycles of a chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 every three weeks. 30 patients (7 female, 23 male) were enrolled in the study. The characteristics of the patients are as follows: age 64 (47-75 yrs); histology: 19 x squamous cell carcinoma, 11 x adenocarcinoma: 4 x IIIB, 26 x IV; performance status 80 (70-90). After prior administration of an anti-allergic medication, hypersensitivity reactions after paclitaxel were not observed. After the first course of paclitaxel chemotherapy, hematological toxicity was as follows: leukopenia WHO-grade 1-2: n = 13; grade 3-4: n = 7; neutropenia grade 1-2: n = 9; grade 3-4: n = 12; anemia grade 1-2: n = 8; no significant thrombocytopenia. In all patients symptoms of peripheral neurotoxicity (WHO grade 1-2) were observed. 19 patients completed the intended four cycles of chemotherapy. The response rates were as follows: partial remission n = 8 (42%), no change n = 11 (58%). Among these patients, the 1-year survival rate was 63%. The efficacy of paclitacel monotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC appears to be acceptable. The hematotoxicity of paclitaxel after 3h-infusion was markedly less compared to a 24h-regimen.
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PMID:[Effectiveness and hematotoxicity of paclitaxel monotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell bronchial carcinoma (NSCLC)]. 913 49

Single-agent gemcitabine, when given in doses of > or = 1,250 mg/m2 weekly x 3 with a 1-week break, induces responses in approximately 20% of untreated patients with non-small cell lung cancer. This phase II study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of weekly administration of gemcitabine 1,500 mg/m2 combined with cisplatin 30 mg/m2 x 3 with a rest period of 1 week. Patients younger than 75 years were eligible if they had stage III/IV non-small cell lung cancer, a life expectancy > or = 12 weeks, hemoglobin > or = 10 g/dL, absolute granulocyte count > or = 10(9)/L, platelets > or = 100 x 10(9)/L, hepatic enzymes no more than three times the upper limit of normal, and serum creatinine < or = 130 micromol/L. There were 22 men and 18 women, with a median age of 60 years; 35 had a performance status of 0 or 1. Pathology included adenocarcinoma in 22 patients, squamous cell carcinoma in nine, large cell carcinoma in seven, and mixed non-small cell lung cancer in two. Six patients had stage III and 34 had stage IV tumors. Of the 39 patients eligible for response evaluation, partial remission was seen in 10, for an overall response rate of 26% (95% confidence interval, 12% to 41%). The median duration of response was 19 weeks (range, 7 to 32+ weeks). Grade 3/4 anemia was seen in 11 patients, and 21 patients required red blood cell transfusions. Grade 3/4 neutropenia occurred in 22 patients and grade 3/4 thrombocytopenia in 21 patients. One patient experienced febrile neutropenia Hematologic toxicity, particularly thrombocytopenia, was cumulative over time. Nonhematologic toxicity was modest, but one patient stopped therapy because of a grade 2 skin rash and one stopped because of a grade 4 pulmonary toxicity, both of which were thought to be related to gemcitabine. The modest activity of weekly gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin seen in this trial does not suggest in vivo synergy for these two agents as administered using this schedule and these doses.
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PMID:Phase II trial of gemcitabine and weekly cisplatin for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. 920 13


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