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It has been a decade since emergency medicine was recognized as a specialty in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). In this short time, emergency medicine has established itself and developed rapidly in the UAE. Large, well-equipped emergency departments (EDs) are usually located in government hospitals, some of which function as regional trauma centers. Most of the larger EDs are staffed with medically or surgically trained physicians, with board-certified emergency medicine physicians serving as consultants overseeing care.Prehospital care and emergency medical services (EMS) operate under the auspices of the police department. Standardized protocols have been established for paramedic certification, triage, and destination decisions. The majority of ambulances offer basic life support (BLS/Type 2) with a growing minority offering advanced life support (ALS/Type 3).Medicine residency programs were established 5 years ago and form the foundation for training emergency medicine specialists for UAE.This article describes the full spectrum of emergency medicine in the UAE: prehospital care, EMS, hospital-based emergency care, training in emergency medicine, and disaster preparedness. We hope that our experience, our understanding of the challenges faced by the specialty, and the anticipated future directions will be of importance to others advancing emergency medicine in their region and across the globe.
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PMID:Emergency medicine in the United Arab Emirates. 2440 95

This review paper summarises the key changes made to the resuscitation guidelines used in Australia and New Zealand. They were released by the Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation in January 2016. These are local adaptations of the evidence previously published in October 2015 by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR). They are presented across the main working groups in ILCOR: ALS, BLS, paediatrics, neonates, acute coronary syndromes, first aid and 'Education, Implementation and Teams'.
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PMID:Review article: Updated resuscitation guidelines for 2016: A summary of the Australian and New Zealand Committee on Resuscitation recommendations. 2735 13

Extracorporeal liver support can be classified into cell-free, artificial methods (artificial liver support, ALS) and cell-based bioartificial methods (bioartificial liver support, BLS). ALS improves biochemical parameters of liver failure by the simultaneous removal of protein-bound and water-soluble substances. Here, the MARS therapy belongs to the most studied methods with a proved beneficial effect on hepatic encephalopathy (HE), hepatorenal syndrome (HRS) or hyperbilirubinemia. However, a general survival advantage of any liver support for liver failure has not been shown yet and is restricted to meta-analyses or patient subgroups. There are no prospective randomized studies on the treatment of liver failure by intoxication. However, several case series report positive treatment effects using the MARS system, particularly in mushroom poisoning or acetaminophen intoxication. In acute liver failure (ALF) studies, the usage of BLS showed no survival advantage. Using ALS systems, a positive effect on mortality could be demonstrated in patient subgroups after several consecutive MARS therapies. The first randomized controlled trial demonstrating a survival benefit used large-volume plasmapheresis. Apparently, immunomodulatory and hemodynamic effects of the treatment play a crucial role in this context. In patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) accompanied by hyperbilirubinemia without any further organ failure (singular hepatic dysfunction), prognostic favorable effects by using a BLS system have been shown. However, once other extrahepatic organ systems are affected, indicating a progressive transition to multi-organ failure, a survival advantage could be achieved with the MARS and Prometheus system. Decisive for a successful therapy is the exact indication of the respective liver dialysis procedure for this very heterogeneous disease. Future studies are needed to define more accurate patient selection criteria for each liver support.
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PMID:[Extracorporeal liver support of liver failure]. 2829 19

Pre-hospital interventions: introduction to life support systems. Crucial decisions in pre-hospital emergency care are often made; therefore, a tactical emergency medical support team (TEMS) should maintain the capacity to capture the situation instantaneously and in all circumstances. However, low exposure to severe trauma cases can be a weakness for emergency specialists, which makes pre-hospital assessment more difficult. Pre-hospital interventions (PHI) are usually classified in Western countries into BLS (basic life support) and ALS (ad- vanced life support) levels, according to the methods used. This review introduces tactical combat casualty care for medical personnel (TCCC) guidelines, designed for basic care management under fire or in a hostile environment. The phases of TCCC are: (1) care under fire (or in an unstable environment); (2) tactical field care; and (3) tactical evacuation care, and are mainly dependent on the different hazard zones (hot, warm or cold). In a mass casualty situation due to disaster or cataclysm, standardized protocol and triage are unquestionably required for identifying the environmental risks, for categorizing the casualties in accordance with medical care priorities, and for the initial management of casualty care. When considering conflict situations, or chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) events, processes always start at the local level. Even before the detection and analysis of agents can be undertaken, zoning, triage, decontamination, and treatment should be initiated promptly. Otorhinolaryngologists should be aware of PHI procedures for completing preliminary assessment and management together with emergency specialists or TEMS.
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PMID:Pre-hospital interventions: introduction to life support systems. 2946 33

In 2012 the Reassessment Campaign on Veterinary Resuscitation (RECOVER) published evidence-based treatment recommendations for dogs and cats with cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA), to optimize the clinical practice of small animal CPR and positively impact outcomes. Six years after the release of these guidelines, we aimed to determine the compliance of small animal veterinary CPR practices with these RECOVER guidelines. To identify current CPR practices in clinically active small animal veterinarians and their awareness of the RECOVER guidelines, we conducted an internet-based survey. Survey invitations were disseminated internationally via veterinary professional organizations and their social media outlets. Questions explored respondent demographics, CPR preparedness, BLS and ALS techniques and awareness of RECOVER guidelines. Responding small animal veterinarians (n = 770) in clinical practice were grouped by level of expertise: board-certified specialists (BCS, n = 216) and residents (RES, n = 69) in anesthesia or emergency and critical care, practitioners in emergency (GPE, n = 299) or general practice (GPG, n = 186). Large disparities in preparedness measures, BLS and ALS techniques emerged among levels of expertise. Only 32% (95% CI: 29-36%) of respondents complied with BLS practice guidelines, varying from 49% (95% CI: 42-55%) of BCS to 15% (95% CI: 10-20%) of GPG. While incompliances in BCS, RES, and GPE were predominantly due to knowledge gaps, GPG compliance was further compromised by limitations in the resuscitation environment (e.g., defibrillator availability, team size). Those aware of RECOVER guidelines (100% of BCS and RES; 77% of GPE; 35% of GPG) were more likely to comply with recommended preparedness (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.2-4.8), BLS (OR = 4.5; 95% CI: 2.4-9.1), and ALS techniques (OR = 7.8; 95% CI: 2.4-9.1) independent of age, gender, region of practice or level of expertise. We conclude that awareness of RECOVER guidelines is high in specialists and residents, but incomplete among general practitioners. This awareness positively influenced compliance with CPR guidelines, but CPR practices continue to be variable and largely not in agreement with guidelines. A widely accessible educational strategy is required to broadly improve compliance with best practices in small animal CPR.
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PMID:The Compliance of Current Small Animal CPR Practice With RECOVER Guidelines: An Internet-Based Survey. 3124 96

Corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed significant risk for health care workers. Various steps of cardiopulmonary resuscitation involve aerosol-generating procedures and have significant risk of spread of corona virus. Indian Academy of Pediatrics Advanced Life Support Basic Life Support (IAP ALS BLS) group had constituted a guideline update team to suggest modifications in existing resuscitation guidelines in view of COVID-19 pandemic. The GRADE approach was used to develop recommendations on shortlisted clinical practice questions on resuscitation during COVID pandemic as modifications.
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PMID:IAP ALS Update on Resuscitation Guidelines During COVID-19 Pandemic. 3298 Sep 43


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