Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002622 (amnesia)
 5,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To assess predictive value of the intracarotid amobarbital procedure (IAP) for decreased postoperative modality-specific memory, we studied 37 temporal lobectomy patients with intractable partial epilepsy who were selected for operation independent of preoperative IAP findings. When ipsilateral IAP failure was defined by an absolute method as a retention score less than 67%, the results were not associated with decreased modality-specific memory after operation. When ipsilateral IAP failure was defined by a comparative method as a retention score at least 20% lower after ipsilateral than contralateral injection, the results showed greater differences between groups, but differences still did not achieve statistical significance. Four left-resection patients who failed the ipsilateral IAP had a median postoperative change in the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Verbal Memory Index score of -14%, whereas 16 left-resection patients who passed the ipsilateral IAP had a mean postoperative change in the WMS-R Verbal Memory Index score of -7.5% (p = 0.12). These results suggested that the IAP interpreted comparatively may be a helpful adjunctive test in assessment of relative risk for modality-specific memory dysfunction after temporal lobectomy, but larger series of operated patients are needed to confirm this possibility. In this series, complete amnesia was not noted after ipsilateral injection, even in patients with postoperative modality-specific memory decline.
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PMID:Intracarotid amobarbital procedure: I. Prediction of decreased modality-specific memory scores after temporal lobectomy. 174 57

A 67-year-old patient was admitted to our hospital owing to coma and tetraplegia. MRI showed T2 weighed high intensity areas in the pontine tegmentum, lower aspect of the right cerebellar hemisphere, left half of medulla oblongata, and bilateral paramedian thalamus. He showed marked recovery by urokinase injection becoming able to walk in a few months, but severe amnesia and hypersomnia persisted even 5 months after onset. EEG showed diffuse alpha activity with occasional delta waves in frontal leads. Intelligence was considered normal (WAIS score; verbal IQ 97, performance IQ 102, total IQ 99), through performance on Wechsler memory Scale-R (Revised Japanese edition, WMS-R) and Benton Visual Retention Test indicated impairment of both verbal and visual memory. Verbal memory was impaired to a greater degree than visual memory (Scores of WMS-R: verbal memory index 60, visual memory index 98, index of general memory 72, attention index 95, index of delayed memory 71). He was able to finish only 0 and 1 categories on two trials of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. FDG (18F-fluorodeoxyglucose)-PET showed diffuse areas of decreased metabolism in bilateral thalami, frontal lobes, cingulate gyri and medial temporal lobes. The bilateral thalamic lesion seemed to affect the following structures, as judged from MRI: 1) The anterior thalamic peduncle including most of the reciprocal connections between dorsomedial nucleus of thalamus (MD nucleus) and the frontal lobe, 2) The inferior thalamic peduncle which serves as the reciprocal pathway between MD nucleus and medial temporal lobe, especially the amygdala (component of Yakovlev circuit), and 3) The inferior part of mammillothalamic tract (component of Papez circuit).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[FDG-PET in an amnestic and hypersomnic patient with bilateral paramedian thalamic infarction]. 829 74

A 23-year-old woman who was in the ninth month of pregnancy suffered a head injury by falling from the stairs. She regained consciousness in the ambulance car, however, could not recall anything about herself. The morning after, her neurological examination disclosed no abnormal findings. She was alert, spatially oriented, but unable to recall any personal information about herself, her work and family contexts. The results of WAIS-R and WMS were within normal range, and she showed a dissociation between a detailed knowledge of public events and famous people and a complete loss of autobiographic information. EEG and brain MRI were normal. Memory loss spontaneously recovered following several months, and 8 month later, the retrograde amnesia had almost resolved. Although it is well-known that autobiographic amnesia usually attributed to psychogenic etiology, the differential diagnosis of the similar selective retrograde amnesia by organic etiology is important.
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PMID:[A case of post-traumatic autobiographic amnesia]. 1006 61

A 55-year-old woman sustained an acute amnesia that lasted for 8 days. The results of a cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scan and an electroencephalogram were normal. A Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) test performed 6 days after the event showed global impairment in every domain, except for attention/concentration. A single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scan taken 8 days after the event showed hypoperfusion in the left temporal and frontal areas. The results of a follow-up SPECT scan on the 40th day after the episode were normal. A second WMS-R test showed some improvement on the 40th day after the event and considerable improvement on the 176th day. The clinical feature of the patient meets the criteria of transient global amnesia (TGA), except for her protracted course. It was not amnesic stroke, however, because of its reversibility and because there were no accompanying neurological signs. This case raises some implications of the pathogenesis of TGA and the clinical applicability of research criteria.
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PMID:Prolonged reversible amnesia: a case report. 1789 3

Previous studies have reported conflicting evidence concerning the contribution of declarative memory to advantageous decision-making on the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). One study, in which the measurement of psychophysiology during the task necessitated a 10-s delay between card selections, found that six participants with amnesia due to hippocampal damage failed to develop a preference for advantageous decks over disadvantageous decks [Gutbrod, K., Krouzel, C., Hofer, H., Muri, R., Perrig, W., & Ptak, R. (2006). Decision-making in amnesia: Do advantageous decisions require conscious knowledge of previous behavioural choices? Neuropsychologia, 44(8), 1315-1324]. However, a single-case study (where psychophysiology was not measured and no delay between card selections occurred) showed that an amnesic patient developed normal preference for advantageous decks [Turnbull, O. H., & Evans, C. E. (2006). Preserved complex emotion-based learning in amnesia. Neuropsychologia, 44(2), 300-306]. We sought to resolve these discrepant findings by examining IGT performances in five patients with profound amnesia (WMS-III General Memory Index M=63) and bilateral hippocampal damage caused by anoxia (n=4) or herpes simplex encephalitis (n=1). In one administration of the IGT, psychophysiology measurements were utilized and a 6-s delay was interposed between card selections. In a second administration, no delay between card selections was interposed. While age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy comparison participants showed significant learning with a gradual preference for advantageous decks in both conditions, amnesic patients, irrespective of IGT administration condition and extent of medial temporal lobe damage, failed to develop this preference. These findings strongly discount the possibility that the delay between card selections explains why amnesic participants fail to learn in the IGT, and suggest instead a significant role for medial temporal lobe declarative memory systems in the type of complex decision-making tapped by the IGT.
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PMID:Declarative memory is critical for sustained advantageous complex decision-making. 1939 63

A detailed critique of the literature on focal retrograde amnesia is provided. Some of the cases commonly cited in this literature had, in fact, severely impaired anterograde memory, most often involving visuospatial material. Other cases showed poor anterograde memory in more moderate or subtle form, begging the question of whether "like" had really been compared with "like" across the retrograde and anterograde domains: there may be alternative explanations for the observed patterns of performance. One suggestion is that these patients suffer an impairment of long-term consolidation, an attractive hypothesis but one which requires much more rigorous testing than has occurred to date and which implies that the underlying problem is not specific to retrograde memory. Moreover, within the literature on cases of focal retrograde amnesia, differing patterns of performance on tests of autobiographical memory or remote semantic knowledge have been reported, and sometimes these may have reflected factors other than the sites of lesions. Many of the most convincing cases in this literature have been those in whom there was an initially severe anterograde amnesia as well as an extensive retrograde loss: in these cases, the critical issue is what determines differential patterns of recovery across these domains-it is likely that both physiological and psychological factors are important. A second, somewhat different, group are patients with semantic dementia, who show a pronounced recency effect in remote memory but, in these cases, the most parsimonious explanation may be in terms of predominantly semantic/linguistic and/or strategic factors. A third group are those with transient epileptic amnesia but, in these cases, the memory gaps may reflect past (anterograde) ictal activity. A fourth group are those in whom psychogenic factors may well be relevant. Although it is difficult to "prove" psychological causation, the logical difficulties in attributing causation where brain lesions are either very subtle or multiple have been considerably underestimated in the neuropsychological literature. Given these problems, in uncertain or equivocal cases, it is as critical to present the relevant psychological data for the reader to evaluate as it is to provide the pertinent memory test scores: this is underemphasised in many of the studies reviewed. Publication of cases in the absence of such data may lead to faulty clinical, neuropsychological, and cognitive conclusions. Abbreviations : AA: anterograde amnesia; AMI: Autobiographical Memory Interview; PTA: posttraumatic amnesia; RA: retrograde amnesia; RMT: Recognition Memory Test; TEA: transient epileptic amnesia; TGA: transient global amnesia; WMS: Wechsler Memory Scale.
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PMID:Focal retrograde amnesia and the attribution of causality: An exceptionally critical view. 2094 96

Objective: Memory assessment for the early diagnosis of cortical dementia is a complicated process which depends on important factors such as facial recognition and naming. These factors could be considered to carry a predictive power to detect neurodegenerative disorders. The present study aimed to study and compare naming or recognizing famous faces with the recognition of newly learned faces among patients with Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer's disease. Method : To collect data, 60 AMCI patients, 62 patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease, and 63 cognitively healthy individuals were assessed using Wechsler Memory Scale-III Faces test (WMS-III faces) and Famous Faces test. Results: The results of one-way ANOVA indicated that the patients suffering from AMCI and Alzheimer's disease scored significantly worse than the control group on naming (p < 0.001), recognition (p < 0.001) section of the Famous Faces test, and immediate or delayed recognition on the WMS-III Faces test (p < 0.001). Also, the obtained results showed that the patients groups received lower scores on WMS-III Faces compared to the Famous Faces test. Conclusion: The results of this study suggested that the unfamiliar and Famous Faces tests allow the quantification of patients' face recognition and name recall abilities which, in turn, makes it possible to make more accurate predictions about cases of dementia. These tests can be used for clinical and research purposes to screen those who may be prone to dementia and need further neuropsychological assessment.
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PMID:Recognition of Famous and Unfamiliar Faces among Patients Suffering from Amnesia Mild Cognitive Impairment (AMCI) and Alzheimer's Disease. 3159 26