Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002622 (amnesia)
 5,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case associated with multiple cerebral vascular anomalies, which consisted of fenestration of the middle cerebral artery, arteriovenous malformation and aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery, was reported. A 48 year-old male has been suffering from the left paralysis and mental disorder after the initial attack of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and the second attack resulted in the deterioration of the symptoms. He was admitted to our clinic on October 28, 1974. On neurological examination, mental disorders, such as disorientation, emotional incontinence, amnesia and acalculia, hemiplegia on the left and meningeal irritation signs were observed in admission period. Physical examination was negative. Cerebral angiographic findings were as follows: 1) Moderate vasospasm of the right internal carotid artery at the terminal segment, mild bowing of the anterior cerebral artery and stretching of the frontparietal opercular branches of the middle cerebral artery were observed. 2) Right frontpolar arteriovenous malformation fed by the frontobasal artery and the frontopolar artery, and drained via the aberrant cortical vein into the superior sagittal sinus. 3) Aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery was opacified by left carotid angiography. 4) An abnormal vessel derived from the terminal segment of the right internal carotid artery and terminated at the portion of the sphenoidal segment of the middle cerebral artery. Complete loop was formed between genuine middle cerebral artery and this abnormal artery. He was operated with dissecting microscope on November 11, 1974. The arteriovenous malformation at right frontopolar region was totally removed and aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery was clipped. According to the operative findings, the arachnoid membrane over the right frontopolar region was turbid and adhered to the adjacent tissues. On the contrary, no abnormal findings suggestive of previous subarachnoid hemorrhage were observed around the region of the anterior communicating artery aneurysm. These findings showed that subarachnoidal bleeding was caused by rupture of the arteriovenous malformation of right frontopolar region, but not by the aneurysm on the anterior communicating artery. The postoperative course was uneventful and during the hospitalization the patient starts on rehabilitation therapy. The authors discussed the genesis of fenestration of the middle cerebral artery and relation among these combined vascular anomalies. We inferred that fenestration of the middle cerebral artery arose from the in complete fusion of procursor vascular network in embryonic stage. Additionally, we emphasized that it was necessary to make a distinction between these two terms "fenestration" and "duplication".
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PMID:[A case of multiple anomalies of cerebral vessels--fenestration of the middle cerebral artery aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery and arteriovenous malformation on the frontopolar region (author's transl)]. 55 79

A 40-year-old man was admitted after 8 months of speech disturbance and locomotive ataxia. He had no seizures, lightning pains, paresthesia, visual loss, bladder disturbance or rectal incontinence. He had never been neurologically or psychiatrically ill and had no history of syphilis. When the patient was admitted, his general physical examination including blood pressure and dermatologic examination was normal. His consciousness was alert. He was found to have a deterioration of mental status such as inability to concentrate, failing memory, amnesia and circumstantiality. His pupils were anisocoric and Achilles jerks were absent. No rigidity of the neck muscles, paralysis and sensory disturbance were recognized. Romberg's sign was absent. The right pupil was 7.0 mm and the left was 6.0 mm in room illumination. The pupils were nonreactive to bright light and both did not constricted to near stimuli. 0.125% pilocarpine eyedrops produced bilateral pupillary constriction. The results indicated bilateral tonic pupils. Laboratory data revealed white cell count of 12,600/mm3 and normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate of 8 mm/hr. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed the following: opening pressure, 140 mm of water; cell counts, 76/mm2 (mononuclear cells); total protein, 116 mg/dl; glucose, 57 mg/dl. A serum venereal disease research laboratories (VDRL) test was positive in a 1:32 titer confirmed by positive treponema pallidum hemagglutination (TPHA) test in a 1:40,960 titer and positive fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. Serum TPHA-IgM was positive in a 1:320 titer but TPHA-IgG was negative. CSF examination revealed positive TPHA test (titer of 1:2,560) and positive FTA-ABS test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[A case of early syphilis presenting general paresis-like symptoms and bilateral tonic pupils]. 130 Feb 74

Communicating normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is an important remote complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The diagnosis of this hydrocephalus depends largely on clinical signs and symptoms, including cognitive deterioration, gait changes and incontinence. However, many of these signs are also seen during post-traumatic amnesia, making early recognition of this syndrome difficult. A case study of one man post-TBI, who presented with new-onset hypertension as a sign of NPH, prompted a retrospective chart review of all patients admitted over a 2-year period with a diagnosis of NPH. Ninety per cent of patients had one or more of the classic triad of NPH and 25% of patients had symptoms suggestive of raised intracranial pressure (unexplained nausea, headache and visual disturbance). Mean systolic and diastolic blood pressures among the 20 subjects for six consecutive days pre-operatively compared with those for days 8-14 and 15-21 post-operatively showed no significant differences; a subgroup of five patients (25%), however, demonstrated a significant change in blood pressure temporally related to shunting. We suggest that demonstration of new-onset systemic hypertension may also be a clinical sign suggestive of NPH useful in the evaluation of the TBI patient.
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PMID:Relationship of new-onset systemic hypertension and normal pressure hydrocephalus. 239 Jun 49

Vascular dementia (VAD) is common, and small vessel disease is one of the most frequent etiologies of the disorder. Lacunar state and Binswanger's disease are the two types of VAD associated with small vessel disease. Lacunar state and Binswanger's disease produce a dementia syndrome with characteristics of subcortical dementia including slowing of information processing, impaired memory, and poor sustained attention. Executive dysfunction includes poor word list generation and verbal fluency (design generation), impaired motor programming with perseveration and impersistence, and difficulty with set shifting. Memory loss in subcortical VAD is characterized by poor retrieval and intact recognition. Apathy is ubiquitous in VAD and depression and psychosis are common. Parkinsonism with prominent gait disturbances in conjunction with pyramidal tract signs, dysarthria, pseudobulbar affect, and incontinence are frequent motor manifestations of VAD with small vessel disease. The lesions of subcortical VAD affect the structures--caudate nucleus, globus pallidus, thalamus-and connecting fibers of frontal--subcortical circuits and produce a clinical syndrome similar to that seen in other subcortical diseases.
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PMID:Vascular subcortical dementias: clinical aspects. 808 75

This report concerns an autopsy case of atypical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with dementia mimicking frontal Pick's disease. The patient was a Japanese woman without hereditary burden who was 45 years old at the time of death. She developed abnormal behavior and amnesia at age 30, followed by disinhibition, aspontaneity, urinary incontinence, abulia, and rectal incontinence. Neurological signs compatible with ALS developed about 14 years after the disease onset. No respirator was used throughout the clinical course. Macroscopically, neuropathological examination showed atrophy of the frontotemporal lobes with accentuation in the convexities of the frontal lobes. Histologically, there was neuronal loss in the cerebral cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, amygdala, caudate nucleus, substantia nigra, brain stem motor nuclei, and anterior horns of the spinal cord, in addition to marked degeneration of the pyramidal tracts. Ubiquitin-immunoreactive neuronal inclusions were present in the frontotemporal cortical layer II neurons and motor neurons in the brain stem and spinal cord. In the hippocampal dentate granular cells, many ubiquitin-immunoreactive neurites were present without ubiquitin-immunoreactive intraneuronal inclusions. Based on these clinicopathological findings and a review of the literature, we concluded that our case was atypical ALS with dementia of long disease duration. We also note the possibility that motor neuron disease-inclusion dementia with a long clinical course may develop into ALS in the final stage of the illness.
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PMID:Atypical amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia mimicking frontal Pick's disease: a report of an autopsy case with a clinical course of 15 years. 1151 92

In August 2002, 65 cases of Loa-associated neurological Serious Adverse Events were reported after ivermectin treatment. The first signs, occurring within the 12-24 hours following treatment, included fatigue, generalized arthralgia, and sometimes agitation, mutism, and incontinence. Disorders of consciousness, including coma, generally appeared between 24 and 72 hours, and showed a rapid variation with time. The most frequent objective neurological signs were extrapyramidal. The patients presented with haemorrhages of the conjunctiva and of the retina. Biological examinations showed a massive Loa microfilaruria, the passage of Loa microfilariae into the cerebrospinal fluid, haematuria, and an increase in the C-reactive protein, all of which have been correlated with the high intensity of the initial Loa microfilaraemia. Eosinophil counts decreased dramatically within the first 24 hours, and then rose again rapidly. Electroencephalograms suggested the existence of a diffuse pathological process within the first weeks; the abnormalities disappearing after 3-6 months. Death may occur when patients are not properly managed, i.e. in the absence of good nursing. However, some patients who recovered showed sequelae such as aphasia, episodic amnesia, or extrapyramidal signs. The main risk factor for these encephalopathies is the intensity of the initial Loa microfilaraemia. The disorders of consciousness may occur when there are >50,000 Loa microfilariae per ml. The possible roles of co-factors, such as Loa strains, genetic predisposition of individuals, co-infestations with other parasites, or alcohol consumption, seem to be minor but they should be considered. The mechanisms of the post-ivermectin Loa-related encephalopathies should be investigated to improve the management of patients developing the condition.
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PMID:Clinical picture, epidemiology and outcome of Loa-associated serious adverse events related to mass ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis in Cameroon. 1497 61

A healthy 7-year-old girl developed emotional incontinence and amnesia associated with mumps encephalitis. Her neurologic findings markedly improved after treatment of daily injection of thyrotropin-releasing hormone tartrate without any adverse effects. Although magnetic resonance imaging revealed no abnormal findings, the findings of Tc-hexamethylpropyleneamine oxime single photon emission computed tomography demonstrated abnormality of left temporooccipital area thought to be responsible for her symptoms.
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PMID:Successful thyrotropin-releasing hormone therapy for emotional incontinence and amnesia resulting from mumps encephalitis. 1562 65

Dementia and other causes of functional disability can create considerable burdens for families and society as a whole, but it may be possible to partially alleviate this strain through technical innovations that replace some functions of human caregivers. This article proposes the hypothesis that cell phones, internet communication and global positioning satellite receivers could be integrated into computer based care-giving systems to provide orientation and safety cues, daily reminders of activities, protection against wandering and direct links to medical assistance in case of incapacitation. Hypothetical case histories describe assistance systems for a patient with moderate Alzheimer's disease living at home, a patient in a nursing home with more advanced dementia and incontinence, an epileptic with intermittent transient postictal amnesia, and a head injury survivor with explosive disorder.
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PMID:Integrated electronic monitoring systems could revolutionize care for patients with cognitive impairment. 1648 50

The study objective was to examine postacute changes in bowel and bladder continence and cognition after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) in persons with long-term functional recovery to full independence. This case series included nine patients initially admitted to inpatient rehabilitation (IR) with severe TBI who had returned to prior responsibilities and functional independence by 8 to 15 mo. Patients had initial Glasgow Coma Scale scores of 3 to 6, posttraumatic amnesia durations of 18 to 70 d, time-to-follow-commands of 16 to 56 d, initial abnormal brain computed tomography scans, and initial pupil abnormalities. IR Functional Independence Measure (FIM) cognitive and sphincter score improvements were compared with national TBI FIM data from Uniform Data Systems for Medical Rehabilitation (UDSMR) for 2010 (n = 16,368). All patients had IR improvements in cognitive and sphincter FIM scores approximately twice the national UDSMR data for 2010. All patients had combined IR discharge sphincter FIM scores that were 12 or greater, indicating independence to modified independence with bowel and bladder function with no incontinence. Five participants (55%) were admitted to IR with sphincter FIM scores of 11 to 12, indicating recovery of continence during acute care. These findings suggest potential usefulness of IR cognitive FIM score changes and of the recovery of bowel and bladder continence for predicting favorable functional outcomes following severe TBI.
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PMID:Changes in cognition and continence as predictors of rehabilitation outcomes in individuals with severe traumatic brain injury. 2543 88