Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002622 (amnesia)
 5,520 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of retrosplenial amnesia was reported. The patient was an 81-year-old right-handed male. He developed amnesic syndrome following cerebral infarction situated left retrosplenial region. His immediate memory was preserved. Recent memory for both verbal and nonverbal modalities was disturbed. He also showed retrograde amnesia for 2 years. The is the first report of retrosplenial amnesia in Japan. We should take into account of the retrosplenial region as a causative site of amnesic syndrome.
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PMID:[A case of retrosplenial amnesia]. 189 78

Over a 3-year period, we studied 43 women who presented with severe preeclampsia prior to 34 weeks' gestation. Seven (16%) had significant levels of antiphospholipid antibodies, whereas none of the normotensive controls of similar gestational age had antiphospholipid antibodies (P less than .001). Three of the seven women with antiphospholipid antibodies suffered the following complications during the peripartum period: 1) cerebral infarction and episodes of transient monocular blindness; 2) pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, and an autoimmune flare in the postpartum period; and 3) transient monocular blindness and amnesia after delivery. Our experience suggests that antiphospholipid antibodies are found in a substantial proportion of cases of early-onset severe preeclampsia and have important clinical implications. We suggest that patients with early-onset severe preeclampsia be screened for antiphospholipid antibodies; if antibodies are detected, these women should be considered for prophylactic anticoagulation therapy.
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PMID:The association of antiphospholipid antibodies with severe preeclampsia. 249 18

A 74-year-old right-handed man with multiple cerebral infarction who presented with dementia simulating dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) is reported. He had been well until April 20, 1987 when he developed transient right hand palsy lasting overnight. Eleven days later, he became confused, disorientated, and amnestic. He was admitted to this hospital on June 8. Physical examination revealed hypertension (170/90mmHg). On neurological examination, his consciousness was clear but he was demented. He showed disorientation, amnesia, and urinary incontinence. His most prominent symptom was disturbance of speech, including fluent aphasia and alexia with agraphia. Additionally, he showed ideomotor apraxia, construction apraxia, right-left agnosia, finger agnosia, and acalculia. On July 9, he had a transient attack of right hemiplegia with confusion. The brain CT scan performed on admission was unremarkable except for cavum septi pellucidum and a small low density area in the right basal ganglia. However, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) by 123I-labeled N-isopropyl-p-iodoamphetamine disclosed hypoperfusion of the cerebral blood flow in the border zones of the temporoparietal and frontal lobes on the left. A follow-up brain CT scan taken one month later demonstrated low density in the new areas corresponding to hypoperfusion shown by SPECT. Although the clinical features of the present case resembled those of DAT, dementia in this case was regarded as the result of multiple cerebral infarction since it occurred acutely with mild motor deficits, and brain CT scans and SPECT showed lesions indicating focal cerebral ischemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Multi-infarct dementia clinically simulating dementia of Alzheimer type. A comparison with angular gyrus syndrome]. 278 20

Several neurological syndromes, including syncope, convulsions, amnesia, transient ischaemic attacks and cerebral infarction, have been associated with mitral valve prolapse. It has been presumed that emboli may account for some of these. We report a case of retinal infarction in association with mitral valve prolapse.
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PMID:Mitral valve prolapse and retinal infarction. 359 66

The cognitive abilities of right-handed men who had sustained a severe closed head injury between 10 and 20 years earlier were studied. Results showed that a right-sided impact produced greater deficits than a left-sided impact in both verbal and non-verbal skills. The results are interpreted as reflecting left hemisphere damage due to contrecoup injury. Some evidence that a left frontal impact was apt to result in defective visual-spatial functioning is presented. These observations accord with some theories on the mechanics of head injury and with observations on the predictability of sites of cerebral contusion in brain injury uncomplicated by dural penetration, intracranial infection, or cerebral infarction. The roles of the duration of post-traumatic amnesia, the level of neurological responsiveness at the time of admission to hospital, and the age at which the injury was sustained are also discussed.
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PMID:Influence of site of impact on cognitive impairment persisting long after severe closed head injury. 484 39

Visual processing and its conscious awareness can be dissociated. To examine the extent of dissociation between ability to read characters or words and to be consciously aware of their forms, reading ability and conscious awareness for characters were examined using a tachistoscope in an alexic patient. A right handed woman with 14 years of education presented with incomplete right hemianopia, alexia with kanji (ideogram) agraphia, anomia, and amnesia. Brain MRI disclosed cerebral infarction limited to the left lower bank of the calcarine fissure, lingual and parahippocampal gyri, and an old infarction in the right medial frontal lobe. Tachistoscopic examination disclosed that she could read characters aloud in the right lower hemifield when she was not clearly aware of their forms and only noted their presence vaguely. Although her performance in reading kanji was better in the left than the right field, she could read kana (phonogram) characters and Arabic numerals equally well in both fields. By contrast, she claimed that she saw only a flash of light in 61% of trials and noticed vague forms of stimuli in 36% of trials. She never recognised a form of a letter in the right lower field precisely. She performed judgment tasks better in the left than right lower hemifield where she had to judge whether two kana characters were the same or different. Although dissociation between performance of visual recognition tasks and conscious awareness of the visual experience was found in patients with blindsight or residual vision, reading (verbal identification) of characters without clear awareness of their forms has not been reported in clinical cases. Diminished awareness of forms in our patient may reflect incomplete input to the extrastriate cortex.
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PMID:Intact verbal description of letters with diminished awareness of their forms. 1081 8

A thirty-two-year-old woman who had been diagnosed MELAS with 3243A > G mutation presented headache, nausea, decreased bilateral visual acuity, and topographical disturbance on January 1 in 2002. Although brain CT showed no fresh lesion, recurrence of stroke-like episode was considered. Immediately, she was treated with ubiquinone (210 mg/day, p.o.) and tocopherol nicotinate (300 mg/day, p.o.). She became confused on the fifth day. Diffusion weighted- and T2 weighted-MRI revealed appearance of hyperintense lesion at the right occipital lobe. We started edaravone infusion (30 mg, twice a day, div.) for two weeks with informed consent from her family. On 13th day her consciousness was improved. Edema and signal intensity of the lesion were decreased on MRI with minimal spread to the parietal lobe. She discharged on the 30th day with marked visual field loss, hemispatial neglect, and topographical amnesia. MRI after four months showed remarkable atrophy of the right occipital region. In our department, five stroke-like episodes including this case were treated with ubuiquinone and tocopherol nicotinate. This regimen was effective in prevention of progressive spread of lesions only in two episodes. Edaravone is radical scavenger used in acute cerebral infarction. Progressive spread into the neighboring regions is one of characteristics of MELAS, although its precise mechanisms are not well known. Oxidative stress induced by released free radicals through mitochondrial dysfunction might be one of factors and edaravone would make an effect through blockage of the free radicals. Edaravone could not rescue neurons in the initial lesion. Although more numbers of cases are needed to establish the effect of edaravone on MELAS, it could minimize the neurological deficits after stroke-like episode of MELAS.
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PMID:[A case of stroke-like episode of MELAS of which progressive spread would be prevented by edaravone]. 1602 65

Recently there has been increasing interest in the non-motor functions of the globus pallidus, and especially its role in cognitive processing. We experienced two patients with acute cognitive and behavior changes after globus pallidus infarctions. Examination of both revealed inattention, decreased verbal fluency, emotional blunting, and amnesia. There were no other sensory or motor symptoms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed focal acute cerebral infarction in the left globus pallidus. Neuropsychological assessment revealed decreased frontal executive function, with verbal memory disturbance. These cases suggest that strategic infarction dementia can result from a single globus pallidus lesion.
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PMID:Dementia mimicking a sudden cognitive and behavioral change induced by left globus pallidus infarction: review of two cases. 1856 54

A 52-year-old man suffered sudden anterograde and retrograde amnesia without any focal neurological deficit. Assessment using Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised test revealed significant memory impairment with a marked decline of delayed recall and preserved attention and concentration. Wechsler Adult Intelligent Scale-Third Edition indicated poor intelligent quotients. MRI revealed a small infarction at the anterior column of the left fornix. His memory loss persisted for more than 3 months with only slight improvement. This rare case indicates that isolated damage to the anterior column of the unilateral fornix is sufficient to cause significant memory disturbance, and that cerebral infarction should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a patient presenting with amnesia as the only symptom.
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PMID:Memory impairment due to a small unilateral infarction of the fornix. 1994 41

Use of non-ionic contrast media (CM) in coronary arteriography has been reported to cause transient cortical blindness, confusion, amnesia and very rare focal deficits. We report a 69-year old patient with stable angina pectoris who underwent coronary angioplasty with stent placement due to in-stent thrombosis of the right coronary artery and developed stroke symptoms with radiological suspicion of subarachnoid hemorrhage. No vascular malformations were detected on CT cerebral angiography. Dual antiplatelet treatment was continued. Complete neurological recovery was observed within 48 hours post angiography. As observed with repeated CT scans, sulcal hyperdensities mostly faded after 24 hours and totally disappeared within 7 days when she was discharged home. Our case shows transient neurological symptoms and rapid disappearing of sulcal hyperdensities, suggesting temporary blood brain barrier disruption, consequential cerebral infarction and contrast media extravasation as the main mechanisms which allowed us to treat the patient with dual antiplatelet treatment.
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PMID:Acute ischemic stroke mimicking subarachnoid hemorrhage after coronary angioplasty. 2830 44


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