Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of the administration of 1-ascorbic acid, either alone or combined with clomiphene, upon induction of human ovulation was investigated in clomiphene-inffective anovulatory women. Oral administration of daily 400 mg of ascorbic acid induced ovulation in two out of five habitually anovulatory cycles and in one out of eight first-grade amenorrhea cases, and was ineffective in all six second-grade hypothalamic amenorrhea cases. Combined administration of ascorbic acid with 5 days of clomiphene induced ovulation in five out of five habitually anovulatory cycles, in 10 out of 17 first-grade hypothalamic amenorrhea cases, and in two out of nine second-grade hypothalamic amenorrhea cases. Pregnancy was established in eight out of 18 sterile, habitually-anovulatory or first-grade amenorrheic women with the combined ascorbic acid-clomiphene therapy, and in one out of five sterile, habitually anovulatory women with ascorbic acid therapy alone. Since administration of ascorbic acid induced no changed in blood FSH, LH, and amount of cervical mucus, and it is well established that LH decreases dose-dependency of the ascorbic acid content in the rat ovaries, the possible site of action of ascorbic acid seems to be at the ovarian level.
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PMID:Augmentative effect of ascorbic acid upon induction of human ovulation in clomiphene-ineffective anovulatory women. 2 11

A long-acting analog of LH-RH, D-Ala6-desGly10-LH-RH propylamide (D-Ala6-LH-RH PA) was administered intramuscularly in a dose of 250 micrograms to 11 women with amenorrhea in whom the determinations of urinary steroid secretion, progesterone challenge, clomiphene, HMG, and LH-RH tests had been performed previously. Blood samples were taken twice before the injection and at 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 26, 28, 30, and 32 h. No visible side effects were observed. Plasma levels of LH and FSH were determined by radioimmunoassays and expressed in mIU/2nd-IRP HMG/ml. The analog caused a great elevation in plasma LH and FSH levels. The maximal absolute increment for LH was between 3.93 and 115.89 mIU/ml, and the maximal increment in percentage was between 220 and 4,300. The time of the LH peak varied between 0.5 and 12 h. For FSH, the maximal absolute increment was between 6.45 and 50.92 mIU/ml and the maximal increment in percentage was between 63 and 1,442. The peak of FSH occurred in most cases at 4 to 8 h.
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PMID:Plasma gonadotropin response to D-Ala6-LH-RH propylamide. 4 Aug 98

In 139 new student nurses, a change of menstrual cycles after school entry was studied, recording their basal body temperature over more than 4 months. In some of these students, serum FSH, LH, prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were assayed every day or every other day throughout the second cycle after entry. Forty-six out of 72 students with previously normal menstrual cycles changed the length of their cycles. In most of the cases with a change in menstrual cycle, LH seemed not to be released in adequate amounts judging by the peak of estrogen and ovulation did not occur; the lack of sufficient LH stimulation resulted in anovulatory shortened cycles, amenorrhea or prolonged ovulatory cycles, followed by delayed ovulation. Also, in these cases, corpus luteum insufficiency persisted even when the ovulation returned. Prolactin was not considered to be involved in the mechanism of environmental menstrual disorders because serum prolactin did not increase in the cases with menstrual change. It can be concluded that environmental change or stress influences LH-RH cells in the hypothalamic centers simultaneously with the stimulation of ACTH secretion, and suppresses ovulation by decreasing LH secretion, and causes the different types of menstrual disorders.
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PMID:Endocrinological analysis of environmental menstrual disorders. 4 91

Twenty women with anorexia nervosa were investigated at varying stages during weight gain. Basal prolactin and TSH and prolactin responses to TRH were normal and unrelated to body weight. LH, FSH and 17 beta oestradiol were low in emaciated patients and rose with weight gain. There was no correlation between serum gonadotrophin and prolactin concentrations. T3 and T4 concentrations were low but T3 rose with weight gain during refeeding over 4-6 weeks, whereas T4 remained low. A positive correlation was found between the TSH response to TRH and body weight. The abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis were similar to those seen in a variety of chronic illnesses and appear to be unrelated to the amenorrhoea. The failure of restoration of normal function at least after short-term refeeding requires further investigation. It was concluded that the amenorrhoea in anorexia nervosa is not associated with changes in prolactin secretion but is determined primarily by changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These changes are induced largely by nutritional factors but psychological factors may also be involved.
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PMID:Amenorrhoea, body weight and serum hormone concentrations, with particular reference to prolactin and thyroid hormones in anorexia nervosa. 11 13

Two euprolactinemic women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, previously unsuccessfully submitted to clomiphene citrate therapy, were treated with bromocriptine. PRL secretion was studied in basal conditions and under dynamic tests: TRH and chlorpromazine. Serum FSH, LH and 17-beta-estradiol were determined before and during the treatment. Both patients conceived, and one delivered a healthy baby at term. Bromocriptine appears to be an effective drug for treating women with hypothalamic amenorrhea, particularly those unresponsive to clomiphene.
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PMID:Bromocriptine induced pregnancy in two cases of euprolactinemic hypothalamic amenorrhea. 11 66

The concentration of prolactin in the plasma and the cytologic smears of the mammary extraction were analysed in 67 patients with galactorrhea. In 38 patients galactorrhea was couple with amenorrhea. Out of 67 patients with galactorrhea, 32 had hyperprolactinemia (68.6 +/- 14.4 ng/ml) along with low estrogen (14.6 +/- 3.8 ug/24 hours) and aonadotropin (FSH 6.2 +/- 2.0, LH 8.5 +/- 2.6 mIU/ml) values. In 48 out of 67 patients galactorrhea seceded under the therapy of Parlodel (bromocriptine). Out of 13 patients waiting pregnancy, 9 showed a restitution ofa the ovulatory cycle and 2 became pregnant. In the group of parturients it proved possible to suppress ablactation by estrogenic-and androgenic preparations (Ablacton) without a decrease in the prolactin concentration, while Parlodel brought about ablactation with a decrease of the prolactin concentration to normal values as early as 24 hours following the application of its first dose. In 6 patients with hyperprolactinemia and low estrogaen and gonatropin values an increase in the concentration of LH and FSH after 100 micrograms LH--RH i. m. was observed. In the cytologic smears of the mammary excretion there were no atypical or malignant cells.
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PMID:[Endocrinological aspect of galactorrhea and lactation in relation to the cytology of breast secretion]. 12 92

On the basis of the results of the analysis of FSH, LH, and prolactin values in the serum of patients with secondary ammenorrhea, four groups of patients were formed: group 1 with low values of both gonadotropin hormones, group 2 with low FSH and high LH values, group 3 with high FSH and high LH values, and group 4 with the basdal gonadotropin values within normal. The use of functional tests proved helpful in the differentiation of the causes of amenorrhea. The use of the LH-RH test is of particular significance in the differentiation of the degree of changes in patients from group 1 and 4. To determine adequate therapy, the determination of estrogen in patients from group 1 and 3 is imperative. A successful treatment of secondary amenorrhea depends on its duration and a timely detection of its causes.
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PMID:[Importance of determining gonadotropin levels in the serum in secondary amenorrhea]. 12 93

The clinical courses of galactorrhea and menstrual disorders were studied in 18 women with galactorrhea induced by sulpiride (SLP) or metoclopramide (MCP) given for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. The response of PRL and TSH to 500 micrograms iv TRH and the response of LH and FSH to 100 micrograms LRH were assessed by retrospective analysis during treatment in nine patients (six, SLP; three, MCP) and shortly after the end of treatment in nine patients (seven, SLP; two, MCP). The average time from the initiation of treatment to the onset of galactorrhea was 27.2 +/- 4.7 (mean +/- SE) days in the 13 SLP-treated patients and 23.2 +/- 5.8 days in the 5 MCP-treated patients. Five of the SLP-treated patients experienced amenorrhea, four had oligomenorrhea, and one had dysfunctional bleeding. In the MCP-treated patients, oligomenorrhea and dysfunctional bleeding occurred in one each. The average length of time from the end of treatment to disappearance of galactorrhea was 50.0 +/- 7.3 days in the SLP-treated patients and 56.6 +/- 12.1 days in the MCP-treated patients. Cyclic uterine bleeding returned within 2 months after treatment was stopped. Elevated PRL levels with good response to TRH were observed in four of six patients during SLP treatment, and in two of three patients during MCP treatment. Basal PRL levels and response to TRH were normal in almost all patients after the drugs were withdrawn. Normal HL and FSH levels with exaggerated responses of LH to LRH were observed in most patients during treatment, whereas the response of LH to LRH was normal in about half of the patients after treatment. Our findings suggest that hyperprolactinemia in patients treated with SLP or MCP may be in part the cause of both galactorrhea and menstrual abnormalities, and that these symptoms can be reversed by stopping treatment, provided the patients have not taken the drugs for longer than a year.
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PMID:Clinical and endocrinological analyses of patients with galactorrhea and menstrual disorders due to sulpiride or metoclopramide. 12 11

Patterns of gonadotorpin output were studied in normal individuals and in patients with menstrual dysfunction by radioimmunoassay measurement of LH and FSH output in samples taken every 20 minutes for 6-8 hours, and following administration of synthetic luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH). Follicular phase LH pulses occurred every 1-2 hours, whereas those in the luteal phase occurred less frequently and with higher amplitude. FSH output was irregular, and had no correlation with LH dynamics. In anorixia nervosa, pulsatile LH activity was minimal, and the response to LRH variable, correlating somewhat with the clinical status of the patient. Pulsatile LH activity was observed in patients with postpill and postpartum amenorrhea, and also in one individual with a probable prolactin-producing pituitary tumor. Patients with polycystic ovarian disease had obvious LH pulsatile activity, with a greater amplitude and frequency than seen in the luteal phase, and a decrease in percentage increment, suggesting some difference in the hypothalamic-pituitary control mechanisms under these conditions. The character and pattern of the LH pulsatile activity does vary with different forms of menstrual dysfunction and may be predictive of the LRH response when considered in relation to the LH baseline values. Pulsatile LH activity, analyzed in conjunction with response patterns following LRH stimulation, may reflect the degree of hypothalamic dysfunction.
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PMID:Pulsatile gonadotropin output in menstrual dysfunction. 17 24

Serum gonadotropin levels were determined in 10 patients with the amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome before and following acute iv administration of synthetic LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) or conjugated estrogens, in order to clarify the hypothalamic derangements in the gonadotropin secretion in patients with hyperprolactinemia. The basal prolactin (PRL) levels were elevated in all the patients, and blunted responses to 500 mug of iv synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injection were found in 9 out of the 10 patients. The basal levels of LH and FSH were subnormal in 2 and 3 patients, respectively, while those in the remaining patients were normal or slightly elevated. Normal or excessive responses of gonadotropins to 100 mug of iv LHRH were observed in most patients, 9 for LH and 10 for FSH out of 10 patients. In 10 normal cyclic women at the mid-follicular phase (D7-9) and 10 hypothalamic amenorrhea patients without galactorrhea, LH release was found 48 to 72 h after the iv injection of 20 mg conjugated estrogens (Premarin). This LH release following Premarin injection was completely abolished in the patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea. These data seem to indicate that in patients with hyperprolactinemia, tonic secretion of gonadotropin is maintained fairly well, while of the positive feedback effect of Premarin on the release of LH is impaired. It is suggested that impaired LH release may be partly responsible for anovulation and amenorrhea in patients with hyperprolactinemia.
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PMID:Impaired LH release following exogenous estrogen administration in patients with amenorrhea-galactorrhea syndrome. 17 47


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