Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gonadal function was studied in three post-pubertal siblings (two male and one female) and one unrelated male patient with myotonic dystrophy. The diagnosis was confirmed in all cases by electromyography and muscle biopsy. Basal levels of plasma immunoreactive LH, FSH, testosterone, and estradiol were measured. Hypothalamic, pituitary, and gonadal reserve and responsiveness were evaluated by clomiphene, LHRH, and HCG tests. Histologic examination of gonadal biopsies was also performed. The results showed that gonadal failure present in the four patients had different characteristics. In the same family, hypothalamic amenorrhea was observed in the female patient, and hypothalamic eunuchoidism and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with marked tubular and leydig cells failure in the male patients. The non-related male patient had hypergonadotropic hypogonadism with tubular failure but with a compensatory leydig-cell hyperplasia. These data are interpreted as demonstrating different expressivity of the hypogonadism associated with the same inherited muscle disease.
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PMID:Hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function in patients with myotonic dystrophy. 118 20

A defect of placenta maturation has been described in hypertension of pregnancy. Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropins (beta HCG) of placental origin rise at the onset of pregnancy and reach a peak between 9 and 10 weeks of amenorrhoea. As we were making systematic assays between 14 and 20 weeks in a trisomy detection programme, we looked for differences in plasma beta HCG levels between women with pregnancy-induced arterial hypertension and pregnant women with normal blood pressure. We also studied the predictive value of such assays. Pregnancy-induced hypertension was found in 6 women in a population of 89 nulliparas and in 12 women in a population of 163 multiparas. beta HCG levels were significantly higher in women who later developed hypertension among both nulliparas (52,833 +/- 19,538 IU vs 24,499 +/- 16,485 IU) and multiparas (50,558 +/- 23,597 IU vs 20,911 +/- 11,677 IU). In nulliparas, taking 43,000 IU as threshold of pathology we found that the predictive value of beta HCG was higher than that of other tests which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 67 percent, specificity 91.6 percent, positive predictive value 36 percent, negative predictive value 97.4 percent, relative risk 5.4). In multiparas, taking 38,000 as threshold and combining this marker with obstetrical history it was possible to predict the occurrence of hypertension more precisely than with other markers which had gone through controlled studies (sensitivity 66.7 percent, specificity 98 percent, positive predictive value 61.4 percent, negative predictive value 97.3 percent, relative risk 8.4).
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PMID:[Plasma beta chorionic gonadotropin between 14 and 20 weeks of amenorrhea: a sign of pregnancy-related hypertension]. 145 78

The value of transvaginal colour and pulse wave Doppler in the diagnosis of pathologic early intrauterine and tubal pregnancy was assessed. Forty-one normal pregnancies, 6 blighted ovum, 6 missed abortions, and 22 suspected ectopic pregnancies (13 proven tubal pregnancies) were examined. Single 5 MHz transvaginal colour and pulse wave Doppler probe was used and once clear signals from uterine vessels, umbilical artery or trophoblastic vessels were obtained. Resistance Index (peak systole--end diastole/peak systole, RI) from the corresponding waveforms was calculated. In 41 normal pregnancies (examined before termination of pregnancy) with gestational age ranged from 6 to 10 weeks mean RI in uterine artery was 0.81 (SD 0.06), in the umbilical artery 1 (SD 0), and 0.48 (0.08) in the trophoblastic vessels. Mean RI from uterine arteries in six pregnancies with blighted ovum and six with missed abortion were 0.77 (SD 0.11) and 0.69 (SD 0.13) respectively. In 2 out of 6 cases of blighted ovum and 4 out of 6 cases of missed abortion flow in trophoblastic vessels could not be detected. These findings suggest ineffective early placentation in pathologic pregnancy. Twenty-two patients with suspected ectopic pregnancy (raised serum beta HCG with empty uterus, amenorrhoea with abdominal pain and/or palpable abdominal mass) were examined. In 13 cases tubal pregnancy was confirmed by laparoscopy and/or laparotomy. In the remaining nine cases the diagnosis was excluded by means of laparoscopy or subsequent negative beta HCG. Doppler diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy was made when colour flow in adnexa with RI less than 0.56 was revealed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Transvaginal colour Doppler ultrasound in normal and abnormal early pregnancy. 220 Aug 63

The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy rests on the results of plasma beta-HCG hormone assays and on those of ultrasonography. If the plasma level of beta-HCG is lower than 10 m IU/ml, the woman is not pregnant; if it is higher than 10 IU/ml, ectopic pregnancy is excluded when ultrasounds show a gestation sac within the uterine cavity from the 5th week of amenorrhoea onward. The diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is certain when ultrasounds show a gestation sac outside the uterine cavity; it is highly probable when they show an inhomogeneous masson the side of the uterus or a collection of blood in Douglas' pouch.
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PMID:[Diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy]. 264 97

A combination of the antigestagen mifepristone (RU 486) and a synthetic prostaglandin analogue, gemeprost, was used to induce therapeutic abortion in 100 women in early pregnancy. Local family planning services and general practitioners in Edinburgh referred women of less than 56 days' amenorrhea who had requested abortion. Pregnancy was confirmed by measurement of the serum level of human chorionic gonadotropin. Group I (n=20) received 150 mg mifepristone orally each day for 4 days. Groups II (n=30), III (n=30), and IV (n=20) received a single oral dose of mifepristone, 400 mg, 500 mg, or 600 mg, respectively. Samples of peripheral blood were collected at recruitment for measurement of the concentration of hemoglobin, urea, electrolytes, cortisol, and HCG and for liver function tests. Blood also was taken for estradiol and progesterone essay from women in Groups II, III, and IV. Each woman recorded symptoms in a diary from the day prior to the start of treatment. Study participants were reviewed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment and discharged from followup after the onset of the next menstrual period. The effectiveness of the 4 treatment regimens was similar. Only 10 (14%) of the 74 women who received half a gemeprost pessary required the 2nd half. 95 of the women aborted completely; 5 women needed surgical intervention. Data were pooled for analysis because there was no significant difference between the 4 groups in the onset of bleeding and pain, requirement for analgesia, side effects, duration of bleeding, measured blood loss, and the time until the next menstrual period. The 94 women who experienced pain became aware of pelvic discomfort 46.6 hours after the initiation of treatment. No patient needed analgesia during the first 48 hours of treatment. After insertion of the pessary, 44 women received an oral analgesic drug and 9 an intramuscular opioid. 47 women did not need an analgesia. There was no significant difference in the frequency of nausea before and during treatment, but there was a significant increase in the incidence of vomiting and of diarrhea. 30 women vomited after the pessary was inserted compared with 13 the day before treatment; 10 women had diarrhea compared with 3 before treatment. No women had clinical evidence of pelvic infection. Liver function tests and cortisol levels were similar prior to and following treatment. Levels of HCG, and estradiol and progesterone decreased significantly after treatment. There were no significant differences in the results between those who needed evacuation and those who did not.
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PMID:Induction of therapeutic abortion in early pregnancy with mifepristone in combination with prostaglandin pessary. 289 91

Based upon the use of a specific radioimmunoassay method, the plasma levels of 21-deoxycortisol (21-DF) as well as of 17-hydroxyprogesterone (17- OHP) were examined in women with polycystic ovary disease - in normal conditions and after stimulation with corticotropin and chorionic gonadotrophin. It was shown that there was an increased level of 21-DF in women with PCOD in comparison with the control group, both in normal conditions and after ACTH stimulation. Besides there was a pathological increase in the level of 21-DF after HCG stimulation, which was not observed in the control group. These results suggest an enzymatic defect ("11-aberrant hydroxylation") in PCOD, which is due to a disturbance of steroidogenesis. Based upon the positive experiences with a defined spleen dialysate ("DSD", Solcosplen) in the treatment of climacteric discomforts and its known influence on steroidogenesis, we examined possible effects on the levels of 21-DF in females with PCOD. The decrease in the level of this steroid was associated with bleeding in women with amenorrhea. This shows the importance of 21-DF in the pathogenesis of PCOD and proves the efficacy of the spleen dialysate in women suffering from this disease.
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PMID:The effect of treatment with defined spleen dialysate on plasma levels of 21-deoxycortisol and 17-hydroxyprogesterone in women with polycystic ovary disease. 300 1

The purpose of this study is to investigate the ovulatory effect of the following three methods on 40 patients with normoprolactinemic amenorrhea patients who failed to respond to clomiphene citrate (Cl) alone. Method I is the combined therapy with bromocriptine and Cl (Brc/Cl). Method II is the combined therapy with Brc/Cl and an additional small amount of HMG (less than or equal to 300 IU). Method III is the combined therapy with Brc/Cl and an increased amount of HMG (less than or equal to 1,200 IU) and HCG. The ovulation rate of method I was 57.5% (23/40) in 40 cases, and 55.6% (99/178) in 178 cycles. The pregnancy rate for this method was 23.8% (5/21). Out of the 12 nonrespondent method I cases, 5 additional cases were ovulated by method II and 3 cases were ovulated by method III. The total pregnancy rate was 42.9% (9/21) with these three methods. Seven cases were normal pregnancies, one case was a twin pregnancy and 1 case was an abortion. No other side effects were found in this study. From these results, the combined therapy with Brc/Cl or Brc/Cl + HMG had almost the same ovulatory rate as the HMG-HCG therapy, and fewer side effects.
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PMID:[Combined therapy of bromocriptine, clomiphene citrate and HMG in normoprolactinemic amenorrhea patients who fail to respond to bromocriptine-clomiphene citrate therapy]. 310 13

Serum concentrations of various hormones in seven normal women were measured daily for 5 days before and after ovulation. Steroid levels were also measured in severe amenorrheic patients during the induction of ovulation with HMG-HCG. Blood samples from the patients of II grade amenorrhea were collected on the day when the cervical mucus increased more than 200 mm3 in HMG therapy. HCG was given after the blood samples were obtained. Ovulation was successfully induced in six patients and they were classified as group I. In 8 patients induction of ovulation did not succeed and these patients were classified as group II. Hormone levels including LH, FSH, estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), 17 alpha OH-P4 (17P4), delta 4 androstenedione (delta 4 A), testosterone (Tes.), pregnenolone (P5), 17 alpha OH-P5 (17P5), DHA, delta 5 androstenediol (delta 5 AD), and 20 alpha OH-P4 (20P4) were measured by specific RIA. The following results were obtained. Steroid levels during normal ovulatory cycle: Levels of E2 (380 +/- 16 pg/ml), P5 (6.9 +/- 4.1 ng/ml), and Tes. (3.3 +/- 1.2 ng/ml) showed a peak on the day before LH surge. A significant increase in P4, 17P5 and 20P4 levels was observed after ovulation. Hormone levels in group I: FSH in group I was significantly higher while LH was lower than that in normal women measured during -1 to -3 days from LH surge. On the other hand, among the steroids measured, significantly low Tes. and high 17P5, and E2 levels were noticed in group I. Comparison of hormone levels between group I and II: FSH and LH levels showed no significant difference between the two groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Steroid profiles in patients with amenorrhea during induction of ovulation with HMG]. 310 22

The exact cause of amenorrhea during the puerperium is still a matter of debate. PRL might inhibit primarily the release of FSH and LH or their stimulating effects on the ovary. In the study presented here, 28 healthy women were investigated, 13 of them lactating puerperae. In the other 15, lactation was prevented by drugs (metergoline in 9, bromocriptine in 6). The women's serum PRL, FSH, LH, beta-HCG and 17 beta-estradiol as well as their FSH and LH response to LHRH (100 micrograms i.v.) were tested 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after vaginal delivery. Serum PRL levels remained elevated in the lactating puerperae and dropped in the puerperae treated with metergoline or bromocriptine. The pattern of FSH, LH and beta-HCG levels as well as the FSH and LH response to LHRH were superimposable in lactating and in nonlactating women. 17 beta-estradiol levels dropped in all puerperae from day 1 to 7, but rose from day 7 to 14 only in the puerperae treated with metergoline or bromocriptine and not in the lactating women. These data indicate that PRL directly affects the ovarian response to FSH and LH, whereas the release of FSH and LH remains unaffected. A stimulatory effect of metergoline and bromocriptine on the ovarian steroidogenesis cannot be excluded.
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PMID:Puerperal lactation, gonadotropin release and estradiol release: effects of metergoline and bromocriptine. 312 58

Frozen cryoprotected donor sperm can be used for IVF.ET. Short administration of Gn.RH analogue with HMG and HCG (Decapeptyl) are used in 39 cycles. Seven clinical pregnancies were obtained, including one which resulted from the transfer of frozen embryos. One spontaneous abortion occurred after 7 weeks amenorrhea. Pregnancy rates are 17.9% per induction cycle, 24.1% per oocyte recovery and 26.9% per embryo transfer. Cumulative pregnancy rate for one year (3 attempts at donor sperm IVF.ET) is 44.7%, but 69.9% if we consider patients who have previously benefited from 12 to 24 AID cycles. The AID success rate is 66% for the 12 months of the first year, 42.3% in the second year and 24.2% in the third year of treatment. These data make it possible to use donor sperm with IVF.ET if tubal disease is associated with severe male factors and if the women fail to conceive after 12, 18 or 24 AID cycles, depending on their age and the existence of hormonal, cervical, tubal or pelvic associated factors.
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PMID:[Fertilization in vitro with frozen donor sperm after ovocyte stimulation with an LH-RH analog, HMG, and HCG using a short-term protocol]. 314 4


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