Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The use of oral contraceptives should at all times be under physician's control. Most contraindications and complications from oral contraceptives are now a thing of the past, when higher doses were prescribed. However oral contraceptives are still responsible for many side effects and complications. Some of these are gastrointestinal problems; menstruation disorders, such as spotting or amenorrhea; decreased libido; increase in body weight; mastodynia; blood coagulation effects; lipid and carbohydrate metabolic effects; ophthalmological and dermatological problems; and, possibly, an increase in susceptibility to some infectious diseases. Patients with hypertension; with heart or hepatic diseases; with a history of family thrombolic accidents; with diabetes; or hyperthyroidism should utilize another form of contraception. Oral contraceptives are totally contraindicated for obese or emotionally depressed people, for pregnant or nursing mothers, for women with uterine or breast cancer, and for adolescents.
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PMID:[Principle complications and contraindications of the use of oral contraceptives]. 15 84

The results are reported of the administration of dydrogesterone, 5 mg twice daily, to 49 patients with endometriosis. All but five patients were symptom-free after nine months of therapy. Most subjective symptoms had disappeared within four to eight weeks; dyspareunia usually took longer. In 30 out of 32 patients who had a culdoscopy after one or two treatment courses, a 'cure' of endometriosis was confirmed. Ten out of nineteen infertile patients became pregnant following treatment. The only side-effects were transient mastalgia and dizziness in two patients. No amenorrhoea or other disturbances of the menstrual cycle were reported.
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PMID:Dydrogesterone and endometriosis. 125 80

Of 210 women with galactorrhea 66.2% had normal prolactin serum levels. Only in 33.4% elevated prolactin levels could be found, 0.4% were hypoprolactinemic. The TRH-stimulation test detected latent hyperprolactinemia in 13.5% of the cases, showed a normal thyroid function in 81.5%, hypothyroidism in 13.9% and hyperthyroidism in 4.6% and this is considered to be a more valuable diagnostic tool than the MCP-test. Galactorrhea was associated with the following conditions: hyperprolactinemia (34.8%), menstrual disturbances (67.4%), post-pill amenorrhea (30.2%), mastalgia (30.2%), prolactinoma (18.6%), fibrocystic disease (11.6%), hirsutism (4.6%), diabetes mellitus (2.3%).
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PMID:[The value of hyperprolactinemia determination within the scope of galactorrhea]. 249 8

The author investigated in a group of 12 premenopausal women with fibrocystic mastopathy with mastodynia, confirmed on mammography, the effectiveness of a synthetic ethisterone derivative--danazole. An objective effect (reduction of the number and/or diminution of nodularities in the mammary parenchyma) was achieved in 67%, disappearance of mastodynia in 100%. As to side-effects only amenorrhoea was observed in 92%, spotting in 8%, an increase of body weight (1-6 kg) in 83% of the treated women. Danol will, with regard to its effectiveness and very good tolerance, if more widely available, substantially extend our therapeutic possibilities in the above indication.
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PMID:[Danol (danazol) in the treatment of fibrocystic breast disease with mastodynia]. 272 Jul 55

Medroxyprogesterone acetate injections (Depo-Provera) were given to 625 women at 3 monthly intervals involving 693 episodes. Ages at entry to the study ranged from 15-51 years with the majority in their 20s and a mean age of 30. Length of exposure ranged from 3-168 cycles. 4 women have received more than 160 continuous cycles of DMPA. Of the medication-induced reasons for discontinuing DMPA, bleeding was the most common with an incidence of 10.5% followed by depression (1.4%), weight gain (1.4%), and loss of libido (1.6%). No patient ceased treatment because of headaches, recurrent vaginal infections, mastalgia, nausea, chloasma, hypertension, or other vascular illnesses. The 59 women who move away or were lost to follow-up accounted for 405 cycles of treatment. The solitary unplanned pregnancy occurred in a 28-year-old obese woman who had previously had other method failures, once with an IUD and once with oral contraceptives (OCs). No association was found with carcinoma of the cervix. Of 80 women ceasing treatment to become pregnant, only 1 women has required the assistance of chlomiphene and conceived 2 years after ceasing DMPA. Amenorrhea was the side effect most appreciated by the women using DMPA. Due to the problem of irregular bleeding, it is wise to warn prospective patients about the lack of bleeding control that they have 1 chance in 10 of having relative menorrhagia. Women using OC subject to frequent vaginal moniliasis had a marked reduction in episodes after switching to DMPA. Chloasma, 1 of the minor stigmas of OC, was not induced in any of the patients. DMPA is a safe and efficient reversible method of contraception for women who have various gynecological conditions or problems associated with using OCs.
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PMID:Medroxyprogesterone acetate as an injectable contraceptive. 296 70

Menopausal women receiving 0.625 mg/day conjugated oestrogen continuously for 6 mth were also given either 10 mg/day dydrogesterone continuously or 20 mg/day for the first 12 days of each calendar month in order to evaluate both the efficacy and the tolerance of each regimen. The following parameters were assessed: subjective symptoms, bleeding patterns, lipid metabolism, glycaemia, weight and blood pressure. Of the 81 patients who entered the study, 60 opted for the continuous treatment and 21 for the cyclic treatment. Seven (7) patients dropped out, 6 for administrative reasons and 1 because of nausea. The two groups were comparable with regard to all parameters, with the exception of the duration of pretreatment amenorrhoea, which was longer in the continuous-treatment group (40.6 vs. 19.1 mth), and the initial lipid profile levels, which were higher in the same group. The subjective symptoms were influenced rapidly and positively by both treatments. The other parameters remained unchanged, except for a clinically insignificant rise in triglycerides in both groups. Both treatments were quite satisfactorily accepted by the patients, in spite of a 70% rate of withdrawal bleeding in the cyclic group and a 40% rate of spotting in the continuous-treatment group. Sixty-two (62) patients remained free of side effects, while mastodynia was reported in 9 cases.
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PMID:Comparison of two equine oestrogen-dydrogesterone regimens in the climacteric. 304 26

The objective of the study was to assess the clinical effectiveness of the monophasic oral contraceptive Marvelon by examining its safety and its effectiveness in controlling the menstrual cycle as well as the frequency and types of side effects. 24 healthy women with an average age of 24.5 years (range of 18-33 years) were the subjects. 23 had previous reproductive events: 18 births, 5 spontaneous abortions, and 16 induced abortions. 17 women had used contraceptives sporadically: 3 postcoital pills, 8 triphasic pills, and 6 monophasic pills. During the year prior to initiating Marvelon use 2 women had experienced oligomenorrhea, 5 had had hypermenorrhea, 6 had had dysmenorrhea, and 3 had had irregular uterine bleeding. The observation period of contraceptive use lasted 4-6 months, during which a total of 121 cycles were evaluated without one single case of pregnancy. This meant a 100% contraceptive safety or a Pearl index of 0. 20 of the patients had stable cycles. 4 women with 13 of the 121 cycles (10.5%) had menstrual disorders. There were 5 cases of breakthrough bleeding and 8 cases of spotting. Weak dysmenorrhea occurred only in 2 patients. Other side effects included: nausea (2), headache (2), nervousness (2), mastodynia (3), vertigo (1), depression (1), and increase of body weight (2). As the duration of taking Marvelon increased the frequency of menstrual disorders declined. Not a single case of post-pill amenorrhea occurred. At the present time over 5 million women use Marvelon in the world. Epidemiological studies involving 14,903 women with a total of 98,225 menstrual cycles have revealed only 4 pregnancies or a Pearl index of 0.06. In the present study regular pseudomenstrual bleeding was confirmed in 89.5% of investigated cycles, which compares to 96.1% indicated in the literature. Marvelon proved to be a modern, safe contraceptive with stable control of the menstrual cycle, and which exhibited only minor side effects.
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PMID:[A clinical trial with the monophasic contraceptive Marvelon]. 779 30

(1) Mirena degrees is a contraceptive intrauterine device delivering levonorgestrel. (2) Its assessment is based on two prospective randomised multicenter trials comparing it to a copper device. (3) It is not known whether it is any more difficult to insert than other devices. (4) Efficacy, in terms of absolute protection and risk of extrauterine pregnancy, appears to be very good, at least equal to that of copper devices. (5) Women were less subject to menorrhagia than were women using a copper device. (6) In clinical trials up to a third of women had amenorrhoea. Some women had spotting during the first three months, and other adverse effects (e.g. acne, headache and mastodynia) were more frequent than among women using copper devices.
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PMID:Levonorgestrel intrauterine device: new preparation. An alternative. 1150 15

Dr. J.M. Manautou, Director of Research, Mexican Institute of Social Security, gave a report on a study of continuous administration of 500 mug. of chlormadinone acetate to regulate fertility without inhibiting ovulation. Smaller doses (400,300 and 250 mug.) were used as well, in fewer patients and with less satisfactory results. The 500 mug. dose was used in 1123 women for a total of 13,202 cycles; 121 of these women received the treatment for 21 uninterrupted cycles. All the women in this study were under 36 years of age. Of the 1123 women on the 500 mug. dose, 40 became pregnant; six of these pregnancies were taken to be method failures because the women denied suspending treatment at any stage, and the other 34 were classed as patient failures. This gave a clinical efficiency for the method of 3.7 pregnancies per 100 woman-years. A special test was carried out on some of the women taking part in the study to check their accuracy regarding omission of treatment. Nearly half of those tested left out one or more tablets without admitting this; the presentation of the tablets did not allow the women to check whether they had omitted tablets or not. Dr. Manautou considered that better presentation would keep the women informed about the number of tablets they had taken and would obviate patient failures. Chlormadinone acetate was taken by 10 women who had become pregnant, until their amenorrhoea was correctly diagnosed. All these pregnancies were normal, with eight male and two female babies. No congenital abnormalities or signs of virilization were found. On continuous administration of chlormadinone acetate, menstrual bleeding occurred at 21-24 day intervals in 11.8% of cycles, at 25-35 day intervals in 65.5% of cycles, and at 36-59 day intervals in 20.6%. In no case did menstruation cease. In only 19 women was there menorrhagia of such proportions that the tablets had to be stopped. Intermenstrual bleeding occurred in 20.3% during the first cycle of administration; this percentage decreased over successive cycles until by the 20st cycle it occurred in only 2.1%. In most cases it was slight. Mechanism of action: This is not yet completely clear, but a number of investigations were carried out to try to discover how the compound acts. In 380 endometrial biopsies, 37.9% were irregularly secretory, 30.5% normally secretory, 15% irregular, 9.5% proliferative, and only 7.1% inactive. Culdoscopic studies were carried out in 50 women; in 37 a corpus luteum was present, in six the ovary appeared inactive, in three there was follicular activity without corpus luteum formation, three had cysts in the ovary, and one had a -corpus luteum not of recent origin. In 18 of the 37 cases in which a corpus luteum was found ovarian biopsy was done. The presence of an active corpus luteum was diagnosed in 12. Cervical mucus was investigated in 115 women between the 12th and 16th days of the first three cycles of continuous treatment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the mucus were modified in a way that made it hostile to the entry of sperms. Further, more precise, tests on the cervical mucus will need to be done to reach definite conclusions in this respect. There was a low incidence of side-effects caused by hormonal imbalance, such as nausea, vomiting, chloasma, and mastalgia. The only side-effect that was troublesome was breakthrough bleeding.
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PMID:Low-dose oral products. 1225 2

The authors report on their observations on 203 women younger than 18 who consulted the family planning center of the University of Rome for contraception during the years 1972-77. The majority of these young patients had had menarche at age 11 or 12, and 28% still did not have a regular menstrual cycle. 49.7% presented gynecologic pathologies, especially vaginitis and cervicitis. 25% of adolescents had already used OC (oral contraception) prior to the consulatation, but 13.5% had stopped the treatment because of side effects. After consultation the pill was prescribed to 81.6% of adolescents, and the diaphragm to 14.2%. There was a 36.6% of cases in which OC caused side effects such as return of vaginitis, spotting, amenorrhea and mastodynia; this percentage is very high, and confirms that OC may not be the method of choice for adolescents. 46.3% of women did not return for follow-up.
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PMID:[Use of contraceptives in women under 18: data of the Center for Family Planning, University of Rome]. 1227 34


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