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Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The most important therapeutic problems of female puberty and adolescence are discussed, including high stature, amenorrhoea, oligomenorrhea, pubertas tarda, anovulation, anorexia, anisomastia, hypermastia. Indications for treatment are given and the possibilities for a prophylactic medicine in this age group are stressed.
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PMID:[Hormonal regulation and hormone therapy in childhood and adolescence. Part 2: Therapeutic problems (tall stature, amenorrhea, delayed puberty, oligomenorrhea, precocious puberty, anorexia nervosa, anisomastia, hypermastia, acne etc)]. 15 44

The enlarged parotid glands seen in both poor nutritional states and in women with amenorrhea have always been considered to be separate entities. Thirteen observations are reported of a syndrome consisting of dysorexia (or anorexia), swelling of the salivary glands (sialomegaly), and menstrual disturbances (hypomenorrhea or amenorrhea). This syndrome can be defined as a clinical entity combining the symptomatology of parotid enlargements due to poor nutrition and those caused by sex-hormone disorders. In the Dysorexia-Sialomegaly-Amenorrhea syndrome, the salivary gland swellings are due to poor nutrition and the amenorrhea, which is of the hypothalamic type, is also secondary to poor nutrition.
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PMID:[The dysorexia-sialomegaly-amenorrhea syndrome (author's transl)]. 28 34

Had markedly anarchic dietary behaviour with alternating anorexia and bulimia, or even self-induced vomiting. These disturbances in dietary behaviour fall within the context of an unusual neurotic syndrome, predominantly hysterical. There were also menstrual problems, most often amenorrhoea. The physiopathological relations between these symptoms and signs may be envisaged as follows: the initial psychological problems explain the dysorexia; the menstrual difficulties are related at one and the same time to the psychological problems and the dysorexia; the latter is responsible for the parotidomegaly and for disturbances in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[Parotidomegaly in psychiatric dysorexia. 10 cases (author's transl)]. 29 Sep 72

Results of a study involving dynamic testing of hypothalamic-pituitary function in 26 patients attending the Gynecologic Reproductive Endocrine Service at John Hopkins University are presented. Patients included women with primary amenorrhea and few if any secondary sex characteristics (Group 1), primary amenorrhea with secondary sexual development (Group 2), secondary amenorrhea (Group 3), and amenorrhea with pituitary or supracellar tumors (Group 4). Subjects received a combined luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH)-clomiphene test and an estrogen provocation test. 100 mcg LH-RH was administered and blood samples obtained at 15, 30, and 45 minutes and at 1, 1 1/2, 2, 2 1/2, and 3 hours. 100 mg of clomiphene citrate was given daily for 7 days (the dosage of clomiphene varied somewhat with history of preexisting conditions). Blood was assayed for serum LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) In the provocation test, 1 mg of estradiol was given and blood samples drawn 48, 72, and 96 hours thereafter. In Group 1, 3 patients were unresponsive to LH-RH stimulation and were without change in the baseline after either clomiphene or Enovid suppression. 3 other patients in this group had a fairly normal delta percent peak LH response to LH-RH. However, baseline or the delta percent peak LH response to LH-RH remained unchanged after clomiphene. The 7th patient in Group 1 has an immature hypothalamus. Group 2 consisted of 3 patients. 2 were found to have elevated baseline values of LH with normal FSH levels. 1 had a poor but mature response to clomiphene of the negative estrogen feedbacK. LH peak remained unchanged in response to LH-RH after clomiphene and estrogen response was negative. 2 of these patients conceived and 1 was diagnosed as able to conceive. In Group 3, 2 patients with massive obesity showed elevated serum LH values, 2 patients were infertile after oral contraceptives and were stimulated with human chorionic gonadotropin and clomiphene, 7 had anorexia and were diagnosed with the aestrogen provocation test. The patients in Group 4 were all studied in an effort to assess the pituitary gonadotropin reserve. These tests can be useful in this regard but must be considered in light of the patient's history and physical findings. Thus initial diagnoses were further subdivided by this method of dynamic testing. It helps establish areas of further testing.
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PMID:Dynamic testing of hypothalamic-pituitary function in abnormalities of ovulation. 34 92

Zinc deficiency may play a role in the etiology of anorexia nervosa. The symptoms of anorexia nervosa and zinc deficiency are similar in a number of respects, e.g., weight loss, loss of appetite, amenorrhea in females, impotence in males, nausea and skin lesions. In both conditions females under 25 are most at risk. Stress, estrogen and dietary habits may also be involved in the complex of factors which create or exacerbate a zinc deficiency and result in anorexia nervosa. It is proposed that effectiveness in the treatment of anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:The role of zinc in anorexia nervosa: etiology and treatment. 51 14

LH-releasing hormone (25 mug, iv.) was administered to 37 women with functional amenorrhea. In addition to the clinical classification, these patients were divided into three groups according to the basal level of serum LH. A significant correlation was found between the base-line levels of LH and the serum concentration of oestradiol plus oestrone. The absolute increment of LH after the injection of LH-RH was found to be dependent only on the base-line level of LH. Except for the patients with anorexia nervoxa, the base-line levels and the response pattern of FSH were almost the same for all three groups. From the results of this study, it was concluded that: 1. The circulating levels of oestradiol and oestrone, where derived from ovarian secretion, actually depend on the gonadotrophic stimulus. In patients with functional amenorrhea, the oestrogens do not make an independent contribution to the pituitary response to LH-RH. 2. Dysregulation of releasing hormones, whether located at the hypothalamic or suprahypothalamic level, necessarily influences the secretory capacity of the pituitary gland; long-standing deficiency of LH-RH, may finally lead to a state of pituitary "functional" unresponsiveness to releasing hormones. 3. In view of the excellent correlation between base-line levels of LH and the absolute increment of LH following stimulation with LH-RH, this test only accentuates the existing pituitary secretroy capacity, which can be roughly estimated from circulating levels of LH and FSH. 4. This test may be useful in distinguishing the milder cases of psychogenic amenorrhea from extreme gonadotrophic dysfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa.
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PMID:Diagnostic value of the LH-releasing hormone stimulation test in functional amenorrhea. 109 47

This study evaluated the nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of four groups of women: 18 postmenopausal women, 14 college-aged dancers, 13 members of a college track team, and 14 nonathletic college women. Subjects completed a personal information questionnaire, a 24-hour food recall, a food frequency questionnaire, a nutrition knowledge test, and an attitude survey; measurements of the subjects' spinal bone density were also taken. The mean (+/- 0.5 standard error [SEM]) nutrition knowledge score of the dancers (22.5) was significantly lower than the mean scores of the postmenopausal women (28.5), the nonathletes (29.7), and the track team members (26.5). Dancers also reported eating fewer mean (+/- 4.0 SEM) servings of high-calcium foods per month (43) than did postmenopausal women (77), nonathletes (66), or track team members (73). Track team members had a significantly higher mean (+/- 0.2 SEM) anorexia/bulimia score (3.7) than did postmenopausal women (2.5), nonathletes (2.1), or dancers (2.2). There were no significant differences in bone mineral density among the four groups. The number of servings of high-calcium foods eaten was significantly correlated with nutrition knowledge scores (r = .38) and attitude scores (R = .32), but nutrition knowledge and attitude scores were not significantly correlated with each other. The track team members exercised significantly more than women in all other groups--mean (+/- 40 SEM) minutes exercise time was 700 minutes/week for track team members, 79 minutes/week for postmenopausal women, 92 minutes/week for nonathletes, and 500 minutes/week for dancers--and also experienced the most amenorrhea.
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PMID:A comparison of nutrition knowledge and attitudes, dietary practices, and bone densities of postmenopausal women, female college athletes, and nonathletic college women. 155 28

Strenuous athletic training and anorexia are associated with a high incidence of amenorrhea. While the physiological and/or psychological stressors that contribute to the development of menstrual dysfunction in these individuals appear to differ, they both involve disorders of the reproductive system that originate in the hypothalamus. The available data suggest that both groups experience alterations in the pulsatile release of GnRH, which in turn produces perturbations in pituitary and ovarian function ultimately leading to menstrual dysfunction. In this review, the reproductive and "stress" hormone profiles in amenorrheic athletes and anorexic patients are compared, and the interaction of these hormonal axes in the occurrence of menstrual dysfunction is discussed.
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PMID:Reproductive dysfunction in amenorrheic athletes and anorexic patients: a review. 194 36

Patients with anorexia nervosa have neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations that starvation and weight loss are thought to cause, or contribute to, since they are reversed by weight restoration. We have found that anorexics have starvation-related disturbances of neuropeptide Y (NPY), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and beta-endorphin, as determined by their measurements in cerebrospinal fluid. The relationship between these neuropeptides and several symptoms in anorexia, together with findings in experimental animals, raise a possibility that changes in the activity of these neuropeptides contribute to neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations in anorexia. Specifically, a disturbance of central nervous system CRH activity is likely to be responsible for hypercortisolemia, while a disturbance of central nervous system NPY may contribute to amenorrhea. In addition, disturbances of these neuropeptides could contribute to other symptoms such as increased physical activity, hypotension, reduced sexual interest, depression, and pathological feeding behavior.
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PMID:Contribution of CNS neuropeptide (NPY, CRH, and beta-endorphin) alterations to psychophysiological abnormalities in anorexia nervosa. 253 90

Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy (AASN), one subtype of acute pandysautonomia, in which dorsal root ganglia and autonomic ganglia are involved is uncommon. Little is so far known on central nervous system involvement in AASN. In the present paper we described a rare case of AASN associated with the central nervous system manifestations such as galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and intractable anorexia. A 30-year-old woman rapidly developed burning pain and numbness in her arms and legs as well as orthostatic syncope. She had severe anorexia and no no menstruation from onset. On physical examination, she was emaciated. There was marked orthostatic hypotension with tachycardia. Skin was dry. Moderate galactorrhea was detected. Neurological examination showed prominent paresthesia and dullness of superficial sensation, predominantly to pinprick and thermal stimuli, segmentally over the neck, occipital scalp, and extremities. Deep sensation was intact. She had no weakness or ataxia. Deep tendon reflexes were almost normal. NCV and SEP were normal, while EEG was abnormal. Sural nerve biopsy demonstrated axonal degeneration with the loss of myelinated, predominantly in small-caliber fibers, and unmyelinated fibers. The levels of HVA and MHPG in CSF were decreased. The autonomic nervous function tests revealed postganglionic dysfunction. alpha-adrenergic system was predominantly impaired, while beta-adrenergic system was relatively preserved. The endocrinological studies demonstrated mild or moderate elevation of PRL basal value and hyper-response of PRL and LH for TRH and LH-RH loading test, which suggested disorder of the hypothalamo-hypophysial system. Cranial MRI showed moderate dilatation of the 3rd ventricle.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Acute autonomic and sensory neuropathy associated with galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome and intractable anorexia]. 255 96


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