Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reported is the case of a 36-year-old IUD user with an extrauterine intraovarian pregnancy that was revealed through ultrasonography. The patient presented with a slightly enlarged uterus and a 3-month history of amenorrhea. Sonography showed the uterus to be shifted to the right side with a nonhomogeneous cystic mass to its left. This mass was identified as the amnial cavity with a fetus of approximately 13 weeks' gestation. The IUD was extracted from the uterine cavity, and a D & C was performed. Laparotomy failed to show pathologic changes in the right Fallopian tube or ovary, but revealed a 12 cm diameter tumor growing from the left ovary and fixed to the uterine edge and cavum Douglasi. The abdominal cavity contained a small amount of liquid and coagulated blood. The cyst was ruptured during attempted luxation, and both amnial liquid and the 13 cm long fetus were drained away. Since the placenta had grown into the tissue of the deformed ovary, pregnancy extirpation and ovariectomy were performed. Also necessary, given the deformation of the Fallopian tube, was a salpingectomy.
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PMID:Ectopic pregnancy in an uncommon location revealed by ultrasound. 174 62

The question of whether the formulation of the oral contraceptive (OC) pill makes any clinically significant difference is often raised because both physicians and patients are faced with the problem of selecting from a bewildering array of available pills. The answer involves examining the contribution of estrogen and progestin separately. The estrogen component of the combination birth control pill serves 3 important functions: it exerts negative feedback action on the secretion of gonadotropins; it provides stability to the endometrium, preventing irregular shedding and unwanted breakthrough bleeding; and it increases the potency of the progestational component in its inhibitory action on gonadotropin secretion and its antifertility effects on cervical mucus, endometrium, and possibly the Fallopian tube. The presence of estrogen may eliminate a need for higher progestin doses in OCs. This effect is mediated by estrogen induced increase in the concentration of intracellular progestin receptors. A minimal pharmacologic level of estrogen is needed to achieve effective contraception, and the new low dose pills are most likely at the limit of the ability to reduce dosage. Thrombosis is the most serious side effect of the OC; it plays a key role in the increased risk of death from a variety of circulatory problems such as myocardial infarction, pulmonary embolism, and stroke. A convincing argument can be made for a dose related response between the incidence of thrombosis and the estrogen content of the pill. Only the 19-nortestosterone family of progestins is approved for contraceptive use in the U.S. The progestin component exerts its principal contraceptive effect by suppressing luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. In 1978 an early report from the Walnut Creek study suggested that HDL-cholesterol levels were positively associated with estrogen levels in OCs and negatively with progestin. The implication was that high dose progestins would be associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular diseases. A recent report suggests that the estrogen and progestin components could be balanced to produce minimal effects on lipid metabolism. Current evidence supports the view that there is greater safety with pills containing less than 50 mcg of estrogen. The side effects of amenorrhea and breakthrough bleeding are reviewed. It is cautioned that if an older woman chooses to use OC, she should be aware of the higher risk involved with increasing age.
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PMID:The formulation of oral contraceptives: does the amount of estrogen make any clinical difference? 704 35

A 25-year-old women presented with a 9-week amenorrhea, lower abdominal pain and a positive pregnancy test. Ultrasonography disclosed an intact pregnancy in the interstitial portion of the right Fallopian tube. Surgical and pathological findings confirmed the diagnosis. The value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy is emphasized.
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PMID:Ultrasound diagnosis of interstitial pregnancy. 728 9