Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0002453 (amenorrhea)
 6,245 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective analysis of 280 cases of pituitary adenoma operated on over a period of 10 years from 1985-94 revealed 15 cases (5.3%) presenting with apoplexy, though there were 48 cases in which haemorrhage in pituitary adenoma was confirmed at operation. In the apoplectic group all but one had abrupt onset of severe headache. Seven of these 15 patients had diminution of vision and ocular motility defects were detected in 5 patients. There were 5 patients of amenorrhoea/galactorrhoea syndrome and 2 had acromegalic features. In the remaining 8 patients retrospective analysis failed to reveal any conclusive evidence of pituitary dysfunction. Trans-sphenoidal surgery was performed in 9 cases and the rest had transcranial surgery. Visual acuity loss improved in most of the affected patients, residual ocular motility defects were mild. Urgent trans-sphenoidal surgery to decompress the expanding mass seems to be the preferred mode of surgery.
 ...
PMID:Clinical significance of pituitary apoplexy. 1006 97

Studies performed upon american and european population indicate that secondary amenorrhea is associated to 3 months without menses, despite biases observed in age variation and intervals of apparition; nonetheless a 3 month lapse is the standard of reference to quality patients within mexican females. Hence, we investigated the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea among all females (n = 1099) that consulted in our clinic, grouped by age (15-50 yrs), time (months) of amenorrea and identifying the etiology when possible. The prevalence observed was 4.9% with major incidence of 4-12 months of amenorrhea duration (x 5.7 months) between 26-35 years of age. The three most common causes in order of frequency were: Hypothyroidism (14.8%); hiperandrogenism (12.9%) and pituitary adenoma (11.1%). It is concluded that the prevalence of secondary amenorrhea in our study resembled that found in the literature, although in this instance primary hyperthyroidism was the leading cause.
 ...
PMID:[Prevalence and etiology of secondary amenorrhea in a selected Mexican population]. 1050 90

A 29-year-old woman was admitted in March 1998 due to high plasma ACTH levels, amenorrhea and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) which had persisted since 1991. Plasma ACTH levels showed a wide range of changes: they were usually high (59-240 pg/ml), intermittently very high (336-942 pg/ml), and sometimes normal or low. Plasma cortisol levels were usually normal but were sometimes high when the ACTH levels were very high. However, even when the plasma ACTH levels were very high, she did not show any cushingoid features. DM was diagnosed as non-insulin-dependent DM. Plasma ACTH showed an excessive response to CRH, while cortisol showed a delayed response. Plasma cortisol showed a poor response to ACTH-(1-24). ACTH receptor gene analysis revealed no mutations in the ACTH receptor-coding region. MRI showed a nonenhancing mass on the left side of the pituitary. Cavernous sinus sampling showed a very high plasma ACTH level in the left cavernous sinus compared with the levels in the right cavernous sinus and peripheral blood. Sephadex G-75 gel filtration of plasma ACTH immunoreactivity in plasma obtained by cavernous sinus sampling showed mainly high molecular forms of ACTH, probably proopiomelanocortin and ACTH-beta-lipotropin. This case is a very rare form of pituitary adenoma showing intermittent secretion of high molecular ACTH unaccompanied by cushingoid features.
 ...
PMID:Pituitary adenoma showing intermittent secretion of high molecular weight adrenocorticotropin without evidence of Cushing's disease. 1064 Aug 99

Pituitary adenomas account for less than 6% of all intracranial tumors in adolescence. Between November 1987 and October 1996, 8 patients were treated by transsphenoidal resection at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. This series included 4 girls and 4 boys with ages ranging from 14 to 19 years. Symptoms reflecting endocrine dysfunction such as scanty pubic hairs in males and amenorrhea in females, were more often found than neurological problems in all adolescents at presentation. Macroadenoma occurred in five of our eight cases (62%) of adolescent pituitary adenoma. In one case (12%), the tumor was plurihormonal tumor. Long-term follow-up (mean 4.5 +/- 2.7 years) revealed the majority of patients had good endocrine function. Significant operative morbidity included steroid-induced psychosis in one patient and transient diabetes insipidus in three, which resolved in all three within two weeks. Our study showed that 1) pituitary tumors in children were uncommon, and when they occurred they were frequently large and invasive; 2) the endocrine disturbance caused by pituitary adenomas alerted the patients to seek medical help more often than neurological deficit; 3) in adolescence, almost all pituitary adenomas were functioning; nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas were rare in adolescence; and 4) transsphenoidal surgery was feasible and safe in adolescence, even with poor pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, which remains controversial in the literature.
 ...
PMID:Pituitary adenomas in adolescence--ten-year experience and literature review. 1064 30

Hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. While it can occur in men, it occurs more commonly in women. The prevalence of hyperprolactinemia ranges from 0.4% in an unselected normal adult population to as high as 9-17% in women with reproductive disorders. There are many possible causes of hyperprolactinemia, falling into three general categories: physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic. When specific treatable underlying causes have been eliminated and in cases of severe hyperprolactinemia, the most likely cause is a prolactin (PRL)-secreting pituitary adenoma. Microadenomas should be treated medically, with a dopamine agonist, if there is an indication for therapy (such as amenorrhea, infertility or bothersome galactorrhea). If there is no indication for therapy, microadenomas may be followed conservatively, as growth is uncommon. Macroadenomas may grow larger; medical therapy is recommended initially, with neurosurgical evaluation reserved for specific clinical situations, such as failure of medical therapy and evidence of mass effect despite medical therapy. In the United States, the dopamine agonists indicated for treatment of hyperprolactinemia are bromocriptine and cabergoline. Bromocriptine is usually given once or twice daily, while cabergoline has a long duration of action and is given once or twice weekly. Results of comparative studies indicate that cabergoline is clearly superior to bromocriptine in efficacy (PRL suppression, restoration of gonadal function) and tolerability.
 ...
PMID:Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperprolactinemia. 1064 14

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone essential for lactation. Its production in the lactotroph cells of the anterior pituitary is regulated primarily by the inhibitory action of hypothalamic dopamine. Hyperprolactinemia is the most common endocrine disorder of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, occurring mostly in women and presenting most commonly with amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Causes of hyperprolactinemia include physiologic, pharmacologic and pathologic factors; pituitary adenoma is a common pathologic cause. Women may present with decreased libido, infertility, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Men may present with decreased libido, infertility, gynecomastia or impotence. In the absence of an identifiable and treatable underlying cause, hyperprolactinemia is generally treated with dopamine agonist medications.
 ...
PMID:Clinical presentation of hyperprolactinemia. 1064 15

A serum prolactin (PRL) level is obtained in response to a specific clinical presentation, including symptoms of hyperprolactinemia (such as amenorrhea and galactorrhea); serum PRL measurement may also be performed as part of an infertility evaluation. An initial level above the normal range should be followed by a repeat level from a blood sample drawn in the morning with the patient in a fasting state. The medical history and a few laboratory tests can eliminate the most common physiologic and pharmacologic causes of hyperprolactinemia, including pregnancy, primary hypothyroidism and treatment with drugs (such as neuroleptics) that reduce dopaminergic effects on the pituitary. In the absence of such causes, radiologic imaging of the sella turcica is necessary to establish whether a PRL-secreting pituitary adenoma or other lesion is present. The vast majority of patients are treated medically, with dopamine agonist drugs. Surgery is reserved for the patient with the uncommon tumor that does not respond to medical therapy or has a large cystic component or for the occasional patient who cannot tolerate dopamine agonists or who experiences pituitary apoplexy.
 ...
PMID:Diagnostic evaluation of hyperprolactinemia. 1064 17

Tuberculous involvement of the pituitary gland is rare. We report a unique case of a composite lesion consisting of pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma. A 24-year-old lady presented with features of acromegaly and amenorrhea. Serum growth hormone levels were found to be raised. Radiological investigations were consistent with a pituitary adenoma. Decompression of the lesion was done through trans-sphenoidal approach. Histological examination revealed a growth hormone secreting pituitary adenoma in association with a granulomatous lesion suggesting of pituitary tuberculoma. No other evidence of tuberculosis was found in the brain or spinal cord. This type of dual pathology has been reported only once in the earlier literature.
 ...
PMID:Composite pituitary adenoma and intrasellar tuberculoma: report of a rare case. 1134 26

This is the discussion after a presentation by E. BAULIEU on combined oral contraceptives (ibid; 4(4)1972); it emphasized tumors, blood lipids, and management of typical problems with the pill. It was agreed that the pill does not cause breast cancer, despite the nodules reported in Beagles, but the discussants came to no concensus on the possibility of ovarian cysts and pituitary adenoma. DE GENNES described his 33 cases of vascular accidents in pill users of whom 24 had hyperlipidemia, usually (80%) of the "mixed" type 3 (i.e. high cholesterol and triglycerides). About 2% of women have abnormal plasma lipids, defined as total lipids over 9 g/1, triglycerides over 1.35 g/1, cholesterol over 2.7 g/1. Among the 33 cases, pure hypercholesteremia was underrepresented; premonitory signs (usually migraine) were only present in some cases of cerebrovascular accident, not in cardiac infarction or pulmonary embolism; the parous women had had no trouble in pregnancy. Other topics discussed included diabetes, glucose tolerance tests, hypertension, amenorrhea, menopause, and whether and when to interrupt oral contraception. The conference was concluded with a summary of the status of French legislation on contraception. The French Assembly had not authorized funds for family planning centers, nor for a national office of information, because they considered France too underdeveloped for such an antinatalist policy.
 ...
PMID:[Combined oral contraceptives]. 1230 30

Lymphocytic hypophysitis is a rare but important cause of pituitary hypofunction which predominantly affects young women in the peripartum period. It is believed to be an autoimmune disorder with an association with other autoimmune disorders and expression of anti-pituitary cytosolic and anti-nuclear antibodies. Clinically, it presents most frequently with symptoms and signs attributable to pituitary hypofunction, headache, visual disturbance and amenorrhoea. It is difficult to distinguish lymphocytic hypophysitis from a pituitary adenoma on pre-operative imaging and definitive diagnosis rests on histology which classically demonstrates destruction of anterior pituitary acini by an inflammatory infiltrate rich in plasma cells and T lymphocytes. Surgical management therefore plays a crucial role to obtain a histological diagnosis and to relieve pressure effects on the optic apparatus in patients with visual disturbances.
 ...
PMID:Lymphocytic hypophysitis. 1285 76


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10